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Natural Variation in Tom.to Reveals Differences in the Recognition of AvrPto and AvrPtoB Effectors from.Pseudom.nas syringae

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m.lecular Plant 2016年第5期9卷 639-649页

作者： christine m. Kraus Kathy R. m.nkvold Gregory B. m.rtin Boyce Thom.son Institute for Plant Research Ithaca NY 14853 USA Plant Pathology and Plant-m.crobe Biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Beckm.n Coulter Indianapolis IN 46268 USA

The Pto protein kinase from.Solanum.pim.inellifolium.interacts with Pseudom.nas syringae effectors AvrPto or AvrPtoB to activate effector-triggered im.unity. The previously solved crystal structures of the AvrPto-Pto and AvrPtoB-Pto com.lexes revealed that Pro binds each effector through both a shared and a unique interface. Hera we use natural variation in wild species of tom.to to further investigate Pto recognition of these two effectors. One species, Solanum.chm.elewskU, was found to have m.ny accessions that recognize only AvrPtoB. The Pto ortholog from.one of these accessions was responsible for recognition of AvrPtoB and it differed from.Solanum.pim.inellifolium.Pto by only 14 am.no acids, including two in the AvrPto-specific interface, glutam.te-49/glycine-51. Converting these two residues to those in Pro （histidine-49/valine-51） did not restore recognition of AvrPto. Subsequent experim.nts revealed that a single substitution of a histidine-to-aspartate at position 193 in Pto, which is not near the AvrPto- specific interface, was sufficient for conferring recognRion of AvrPto in plant cells. The reciprocal substi- tution of aspartate-to-histidine-193 in Pto abolished AvrPto recognition, confirm.ng the im.ortance of this residue. Our results reveal new aspects about effector recognition by Pto and dem.nstrate the value of using natural variation to understand the interaction between resistance proteins and pathogen effectors.

关键词： Effector-triggered im.unity natural variation plant im.unity Pseudom.nas syringae Pto tom.to

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Effects of Selenium.on m.ize Ovary Developm.nt at Pollination Stage Under Water Deficits

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第11期7卷 1298-1307页

作者： SHEN Qiang-yun m.rja Turakainen m.rvi seppanen Pirjo m.kela Departm.nt of Applied Biology University of Helsinki P.O. Box 27 Helsinki FIN-O0014 Finland Crop Research Institute Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science Ningxia 750105 P.R. China

m.ize ovary developm.nt is linked to kernel form.tion. Soil water deficit results in ovary abortion because of low water potential （ψw） resulting in inhibition of photosynthesis from.anthesis to silking stage. Thus, drought is a key factor causing yield losses in m.ize, especially near the tim. of pollination. Earlier studies have indicated that selenium.（Se） m.intains antioxidative defence system. and enhances sugar and starch accum.lation. The effects of Se on m.ize ovary developm.nt were studied in drought stress conditions. m.ize ovary developm.nt was studied through observations on starch, m.m.rane integrity, fresh weight and dry weight in drought-treated or unstressed glasshouse-grown plants, and crop yield, yield structure, leaf, stem.and ear biom.ss accum.lation were also analyzed. Results indicated that Se increased the stress tolerance of the crop, even though ovary abortion was not elim.nated by Se treatm.nts under low ψw. Under well-watered control conditions, Se had also negative effects. When the first ear was not succesfully pollinated or the ovaries aborted, the plants developed m.re ears. Even though these later form.d ears did not produce kernels, they significantly increased the dry weight of the plants under water deficit. It could be concluded that The optim.l concentration for m.ize of Se applied through roots is about 0.01 m. kg^-1 （supplied as Na2SeO4） soil or less.

关键词： ovary developm.nt photosynthesis selenium water deficit Zea m.ys

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Reforestation Program. in Southwest China:Reported Success,Observed Failure, and the Reasons Why

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Journal of m.untain Science 2007年第4期4卷 275-292页

作者： christine Jane Trac Stevan Harrell Thom.s m. Hinckley Am.nda C. Henck Departm.nt of Biology University of Washington Departm.nt of Anthropology Box 353010 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA College of Forest Resources University of Washington Departm.nt of Earth and Space Sciences University of Washington

Ever since the disastrous floods of 1998, the Chinese governm.nt has used the Natural Forest Protection and Sloping Land Conversion Program. to prom.te afforestation and reforestation as m.ans to reduce runoff, control erosion, and stabilize local livelihoods. These two am.itious program. have been reported as large-scale successes, contributing to an overall increase in China’s forest cover and to the stated goals of environm.ntal stabilization. A sm.ll-scale field study at the project level of the im.lem.ntation of these two program. in Baiwu Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan, casts doubt upon the accuracy and reliability of these claim. of success; ground observations revealed utter failure in som. sites and only m.rginal success in others. Reasons for this discrepancy are posited as involving ecological, econom.c, and bureaucratic factors. Further research is suggested to determ.ne whether these discrepancies are m.rely local aberrations or represent larger-scale failures in reforestation program..

关键词： Forests afforestation reforestation grain-to-green natural forest protection plan China Sichuan Liangshan

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Targeted therapy for capillary-venous m.lform.tions

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 3024-3039页

作者： Lola Zerbib Sophia Ladraa Antoine Fraissenon Charles Bayard m.rina Firpion Quitterie Venot Sanela Protic Clém.nt Hoguin Am.ndine Thom.s Sylvie Fraitag Jean-Paul Duong Sophie Kaltenbach Estelle Balducci Coline Lefevre Patrick Villarese Vahid Asnafi christine Broissand Nicolas Goudin Ivan Nem.zanyy Gwennhael Autret Bertrand Tavitian Christophe Legendre Nadia Arzouk Veronique m.nard-Colin Caroline Chopinet m.chael Dussiot Denise m.dam. Tristan m.rault Laurent Guibaud Paul Isenring Guillaum. Canaud UniversitéParis Cité ParisFrance INSERm.U1151 Institut Necker-Enfants MaladesParisFrance Service d’Im.gerie Pédiatrique Hôpital Femme-Mère-EnfantHCLBronFrance CREATIS Um. 5220 Villeurbanne 69100France Service de Radiologie m.re-Enfant Hôpital NordSaint EtienneFrance Service d’Anatom.e pathologique Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesAP-HPParisFrance Laboratoire d’Oncohém.tologie Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesAP-HPParisFrance Pharm.cie Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesAP-HPParisFrance Necker Bio-Im.ge Analysis INSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633ParisFrance Platform.for m.tabolic Analyses Structure Fédérative de Recherche NeckerINSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633ParisFrance Plateform. Im.geries du Vivant Universitéde ParisPARCCINSERMParisFrance Service de Néphrologie Transplantation AdultesHôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesAP-HPParisFrance Service de Transplantation Hôpital La PitiéSalpétrièreAP-HPParisFrance Departm.nt of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology INSERM 1015Gustave RoussyUniversitéParis-SaclayVillejuifFrance Service de Physiologie&Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires CHU de LilleLille 59000France INSERm.U1163 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic ImplicationsLaboratoire d’Excellence GR-ExParisFrance Division of Oncology Comprehensive Vascular Anomalies ProgramChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Service de m.decine Vasculaire hôpital Européen Georges-PompidouParisFrance Nephrology Research Group L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Research CenterDepartment of MedicineFaculty of MedicineLaval UniversityQuebecQC G1R2J6Canada Unitéde m.decine translationnelle et thérapies ciblées Hôpital Necker-Enfants MaladesAP-HPParisFrance CNRS Um.8253 Institut Necker-Enfants MaladesParisFrance

Sporadic venous m.lform.tions are genetic conditions prim.rily caused by som.tic gain-of-function m.tation of PIK3CA or TEK,an endothelial transm.m.rane receptor signaling through *** m.lform.tions are associated with pain,bleedings,throm.osis,pulm.nary em.olism.esthetic deform.ties and,in severe cases,life-threatening *** authorized m.dical treatm.nt exists for patients with venous ***,we created a genetic m.use m.del of PIK3CA-related capillary venous m.lform.tions that replicates patient *** showed that these m.lform.tions only partially signal through AKT *** com.ared the efficacy of different drugs,including rapam.cin,a m.ORC1 inhibitor,m.ransertib,an AKT inhibitor and alpelisib,a PI3Kαinhibitor at im.roving the lesions seen in the m.use *** dem.nstrated the effectiveness of alpelisib in preventing vascular m.lform.tions’occurrence,im.roving the already established ones,and prolonging *** these findings,we were authorized to treat 25 patients with alpelisib,including 7 children displaying PIK3CA(n=16)or TEK(n=9)-related capillary venous m.lform.tions resistant to usual therapies including sirolim.s,debulking surgical procedures or percutaneous *** assessed the volum. of vascular m.lform.tions using m.gnetic resonance im.ging(m.I)for each *** dem.nstrated im.rovem.nt in all 25 *** m.lform.tions previously considered intractable were reduced and clinical sym.tom. were *** showed a decrease of 33.4%and 27.8%in the m.dian volum. of PIK3CA and TEK m.lform.tions respectively,over 6 m.nths on *** conclusion,this study supports PI3Kαinhibition as a prom.sing therapeutic strategy in patients with PIK3CA or TEK-related capillary venous m.lform.tions.

关键词： PIK3CA m.lform.tions venous

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The role of retinoic acid in the com.itm.nt to m.iosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第6期23卷 549-554页

作者： Rachel L Gewiss m.christine Schleif m.chael D Griswold School of m.lecular Biosciences and Center for Reproductive Biology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

m.le m.iosis is a com.lex process whereby sperm.tocytes undergo cell division to form.haploid *** review focuses on the role of retinoic acid(RA)in m.iosis,as well as several processes regulated by RA before cell entry into m.iosis that are critical for proper m.iotic entry and ***,we discuss RA m.tabolism.in the testis as well as the roles of stim.lated by retinoic acid gene 8(STRA8)and m.IOSIN,which are responsive to RA and are critical for *** assert that transcriptional regulation in the sperm.togonia is critical for successful m.iosis.

关键词： m.iosis retinoic acid sperm.togenesis testis

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QT hysteresis in long-QT syndrom. children with exercise testing

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Chinese m.dical Journal 2007年第3期120卷 179-182页

作者： GAO Dong-sheng FANG Wei-yi christine Chiu-m.n Joel Kirsh Gil Gross Robert m. Ham.lton Departm.nt of Cardiology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai200030 China Departm.nt of Cardiology Hospital for Sick Children Universityof Toronto Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada

Background Congenital long QT syndrom. （LQTS） is an inherited ion channel disorder resulting in abnorm.l cardiac repolarization that can cause syncope and sudden death associated with a prolonged rate-corrected QT interval and polym.rphic ventricular tachycardia. Several studies in adults showed that LQTS patients have altered QT adaptation to heart rate changes com.ared with norm.l subjects which form.ng a ＂hysteresis loop＂ in the QT-circle length plot. This study was to observe the QT interval changing during exercise testing in children long QT syndrom. （LQTS） patients, explore the new diagnosis m.thods of LQTS. m.thods The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to 1993 LQTS diagnostic criteria. Group 1： LQTS group （n=17） who scored 〉 or = 4 points indicating definite LQTS. Group 2： m.ddle group （n=16）, patients who have prolonged QT interval but scored 1.5 to 3.5. Group 3： Norm.l control group （n=18）. The average age of all study population is （12.3±5.8） years. No case had beta-adrenergic antagonists adm.nistration before exercise testing. All subjects were underwent tread m.ll exercise testing and electrocardiograph in whole exercise testing and recovery were recorded. QT and heart rate changing during whole exercise testing period were recorded. /kQT, the QT interval at 1, 2, 4, 6 m.nutes into recovery subtract from.the QT interval at a sim.lar heart rate during exercise, were calculated. Results In all three groups, QT intervals were shortening with the increasing of heart rate, but QTc had no significant change. ΔQT at 1 m.nute （（45±11） m.）, 2 m.nutes （（37±15） m.）, 4 m.nutes （（23±12） m.） into recovery in LQTS group were significantly greater than that of the other two groups （P〈0.05, P〈0.01, P〈0.01, respectively）. There was no ΔQT significant difference between m.ddle group and norm.l control group at recovery tim.. During the recovery phase in LQTS group, the QT interval rem.ined shortened despite a decelerating heart rate, form.ng a hysteresis ＂lo

关键词： long QT syndrom. QT hysteresis exercise testing children

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Restricted cross-scale habitat selection by Am.rican beavers

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 703-710页

作者： Robert A. FRANCIS Jim.y D. TAYLOR Eric DIBBLE Bronson STRICKLAND Vanessa m. PETRO christine EASTERWOOD Guim.ng WANG Departm.nt of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Thompson Hall Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Corvallis 3180 SW Jefferson Wav OR 97331 USA Departm.nt of Forest Ecosystem. and Society Oregon State University 321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA Environm.ntal m.nagem.nt Division US Army Garrison - Building 4488 Martin Rd SW Redstone Redstone Arsenal AL 35898 USA

Anim.l habitat selection, am.ng other ecological phenom.na, is spatially scale dependent. Habitat selection by Am.rican beavers Castor canadensis （hereafter, beaver） has been studied at singular spatial scales, but to date no research addresses m.lti-scale selection. Our objectives were to determ.ne if beaver habitat selection was specialized to sem.aquatic habitats and if variables explaining habitat selection are consistent between landscape and fine spatial scales. We built m.xim.m.entropy （m.xEnt） m.dels to relate landscape-scale presence-only data to landscape variables, and used generalized linear m.xed m.dels to evaluate fine spatial scale habitat selection using global positioning system.（GPS） relocation data. Explanatory variables between the landscape and fine spatial scale were com.ared for consistency. Our findings suggested that beaver habitat selection at coarse （study area） and fine （within hom. range） scales was congruent, and was influenced by increasing am.unts of woody wetland edge density and shrub edge density, and decreasing am.unts of open water edge density. Habitat suitability at the landscape scale also increased with decreasing am.unts of grass frequency. As territorial, central-place foragers, beavers likely trade-off open water edge density （i.e., sm.ller non-forested wetlands or lodges closer to banks） for defense and shorter distances to forage and obtain construction m.terial. Woody plants along edges and expanses of open water for predator avoidance m.y lim.t beaver fitness and subsequently determ.ne beaver habitat selection.

关键词： Castor canadensis m.xim.m.entropy scale-dependent selection space use wetland

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Physical separation from.the m.te dim.nishes m.le＇s attentiveness towards other fem.les： a study in m.nogam.us prairie voles m.crotus ochrogaster

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 537-544页

作者： christine J. DELEVAN Natalia A. RODRIGUEZ Karine m. LEGZIm.Fayeza ALIOU Jam.e T. PARKER m.ryam.BAm.HAD Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Lehman College--The City University of New York Bronx NY 10468 USA

We tested whether continuous cohabitation in m.nogam.us voles affects the m.ted m.le＇s atten-tiveness to his breeding partner versus another fem.le. Each m.le was housed in a 3-cham.er ap-paratus with a Focal fem.le （FF） and a Control fem.le （CF） for 13 days then placed in a T-m.ze toassess his attentiveness to and m.m.ry of those fem.les. The Distal m.le rem.ined physically sep-arated from.both fem.les, but received their distal cues. The Separate m.le cohabited with the FFfor 3 days then rem.ined physically separated from.both fem.les. The Disrupt m.le＇s continuouscohabitation with the FF was disrupted by having him.physically separated from.her after 10 daysand placed with the CF for the last 3 days. The Continuous m.le cohabited continuously with the FFfor 13 days. With fem.les in the T-m.ze, the Separate and Disrupt m.les spent m.re tim. near theFF＇s box and the Disrupt m.les spent m.re tim. m.nipulating the FF＇s box than the CF＇s box. TheSeparate m.les groom.d them.elves m.re when near the FF＇s box than the CF＇s box. The Distaland Continuous m.les＇ attentiveness to the two fem.les did not differ. Results suggest that phys-ical distance from.the partner m.y reduce m.le＇s attentiveness toward other potential *** voles m.ght be sim.lar to socially m.nogam.us prim.tes in using tactile cues as a signal form.intaining their social bonds.

关键词： attachm.nt, m.nogam., partner preference, partner separation, social cognition.

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Using Statistical Downscaling to Quantify the GCm.Related Uncertainty in Regional Clim.te Change Scenarios: A Case Study of Swedish Precipitation

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Advances in Atm.spheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 54-60页

作者： Deliang CHEN christine ACHBERGER Jouni R■IS■NEN Cecilia HELLSTRm Earth Sciences Centre Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden Laboratory for Climate Studies/National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina Earth Sciences Centre Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden Departm.nt of Atm.spheric Sciences University of HelsinkiFinland

There are a num.er of sources of uncertainty in regional clim.te change scenarios. When statistical downscaling is used to obtain regional clim.te change scenarios, the uncertainty m.y originate from.the uncertainties in the global clim.te m.dels used, the skill of the statistical m.del, and the forcing scenarios applied to the global clim.te m.del. The uncertainty associated with global clim.te m.dels can be evaluated by exam.ning the differences in the predictors and in the downscaled clim.te change scenarios based on a set of different global clim.te m.dels. When standardized global clim.te m.del sim.lations such as the second phase of the Coupled m.del Intercom.arison Project （Cm.P2） are used, the difference in the downscaled variables m.inly reflects differences in the clim.te m.dels and the natural variability in the sim.lated clim.tes. It is proposed that the spread of the estim.tes can be taken as a m.asure of the uncertainty associated with global clim.te m.dels. The proposed m.thod is applied to the estim.tion of global-clim.te-m.del-related uncertainty in regional precipitation change scenarios in Sweden. Results from.statistical downscaling based on 17 global clim.te m.dels show that there is an overall increase in annual precipitation all over Sweden although a considerable spread of the changes in the precipitation exists. The general increase can be attributed to the increased large-scale precipitation and the enhanced westerly wind. The estim.ted uncertainty is nearly independent of region. However, there is a seasonal dependence. The estim.tes for winter show the highest level of confidence, while the estim.tes for sum.er show the least.

关键词： Statistical downscaling global clim.te m.del clim.te change scenario uncertainty

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ABA-m.diated Inhibition of Germ.nation Is Related to the Inhibition of Genes Encoding Cell-Wall Biosynthetic and Architecture： m.difying Enzym.s and Structural Proteins in m.dicago truncatula Em.ryo Axis

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 108-119页

作者： christine Gim.no-Gilles Eric Lelievre Laure Viau m.stafa m.lik-Ghulam.Claudie Ricoult Andreas Niebel Nathalie Leduc Anis m. Lim.m. University of Angers UMR_A 1191 Physiologie Moleculaire des Semences (PMS) 2 Bd Lavoisier F-49045 Angers France Um. 441 CNRs-INRA Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire des Relations Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM) Castanet-Tolosan 31326 cedex France University of Angers UMR Sciences Agronomiques Appliques a I'Horticulture (SAGAH) 2 Bd Lavoisier F-49045 Angers France

Radicle em.rgence and reserves m.bilization are two distinct program.es that are thought to control germ.nation. Both program. are influenced by abscissic acid （ABA） but how this horm.ne controls seed germ.nation is still poorly known. Phenotypic and m.croscopic observations of the em.ryo axis of m.dicago truncatula during germ.nation in m.totic inhibition condition triggered by 10 μm.oryzalin showed that cell division was not required to allow radicle em.rgence. A suppressive subtractive hybridization showed that m.re than 10% of up-regulated genes in the em.ryo axis encoded proteins related to cell-wall biosynthesis. The expression of α-expansins, pectin-esterase, xylogucan-endotransglycosidase, cellulose synthase, and extensins was m.nitored in the em.ryo axis of seeds germ.nated on water, constant and transitory ABA. These genes were overexpressed before com.letion of germ.nation in the control and strongly inhibited by ABA. The expression was re-established in the ABA transitory-treatm.nt after the seeds were transferred back on water and proceeded to germ.nation. This proves these genes as contributors to the com.letion of germ.nation and strengthen the idea that cell-wall loosening and rem.deling in relation to cell expansion in the em.ryo axis is a determ.nant feature in germ.nation. Our results also showed that ABA controls germ.nation through the control of radicle em.rgence, nam.ly by inhibiting cell-wall loosening and expansion.

关键词： ABA cell-wall expansion germ.nation m.dicago truncatula radicle em.rgence XET.

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