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Science china chemistry 2010年第3期53卷 650-662页

作者： cHANG chihchung chou c.k.charles Andreas Wahner Research center for Environmental changes Academia SinicaTaipei 11529China Forschungszentrum Juelich ICG-Ⅱ:TroposphereJuelichGermany

An intensive field campaign including measurements from the environmental monitoring network and from two super sites took place in the Pearl River Delta region in summer *** routinely measured O3 and NOx concentrations,the spatial and temporal variation of O3 and of the total oxidant concentrations was *** to the spatial variability of NO2/NO,the two super sites were found to be representative of polluted urban and downwind suburban *** addition,both sites were located in high O3 ***-depth diagnostic of photochemical ozone production processes and their key controlling factors are achieved with an observation-based model(OBM) to gain regional *** analysis and sensitivity model runs show that aldehyde and HONO chemistry had significant impacts on local photochemical ozone production *** analysis of calculated Relative Incremental Reactivities shows that photochemical ozone production rates are mainly sensitive to anthropogenic hydrocarbons(Hcs) in the polluted urban *** the suburban areas,sensitivity to nitrogen oxide(NO) concentrations *** anthropogenic Hcs in both areas are alkenes and *** differences of ozone production efficiencies are identified between the urban and suburban regions,consistent with the OBM diagnosed results.

关键词： ozone Pearl River Delta photochemical ozone productions HONO relative incremental reactivity

A possible unification model for all basic forces

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Science china Mathematics 1998年第3期41卷 324-329页

作者：吴岳良 k.c.chou 周光召 Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

A unification model for strong, electromagnetic, weak and gravitational forces is proposed. The tangent space of ordinary coordinate 4-dimensional spacetime is a submanifold of a 14-dimensional internal spacetime spanned by four frame fields. The unification of the standard model with gravity is governed by gauge symmetry in the internal spacetime.

关键词： unification internal spacetime SO(1 13) gravity frame fields.

Effect of wastewater composition on the calcium carbonate precipitation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 142-149页

作者： Shucheng YANG Yanling HE Yonghong LIU charles chou Pengxiang ZHANG Dongqi WANG Department of Environmental Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Environmental and chemical Engineering Xi’an Polytechnic UniversityXi’an 710048China

calcium carbonate often precipitates in anaerobic reactors treating wastewater with high calcium *** aim of this paper is to study the effect of wastewater composition on calcium carbonate precipitation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)*** laboratory-scale UASB reactors were operated with calcium-containing influents using acetate and carbohydrate as substrate,*** was an obvious accumulation of inorganic precipitate observed in the *** via scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)showed that the acclimated biogranules in the two reactors differed in *** carbonate was found to have precipitated on the surface of acetate-degrading biogranules,but precipitated at the core of the carbohydrate-degrading *** results indicated that substrates had significant influence on the location of calcium carbonate precipitation in anaerobic granular sludge,which was expected due to the different methanogens distribution and pH gradient within the granular sludge degrading various ***,the location of calcium carbonate precipitation substantially affected the specific methanogenic activity(SMA)of the granular *** SMA of the acetate-degrading biogranules dropped from 1.96 gcODcH4·gVSS^(–1)·d^(–1)to 0.61 gcODcH4·gVSS^(–1)·d^(–1)after 180-d of operation in the ***,the SMA of the carbohydrate-degrading biogranules was not adversely affected by calcium carbonate precipitation.

关键词： calcium carbonate precipitation anaerobic granular sludge wastewater composition microstructure upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)

Study of differential transport processes of Asian dust and air pollutants to Taiwan

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Study of differential transport processes of Asian dust and ...

characteristics and processes of long-range transport Asian dust and air pollutants to Taiwan

第七届海峡两岸气胶技术研讨会暨第二届空气污染技术研讨会

作者： charles c.k.chou Research center for Environmental changes Academia Sinica

＜正＞Long-range transport of Asian dust and air pollutants are major environmental concerns of Taiwan during the winter monsoon season when northeasterly winds prevail following passages of cold fronts.

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Characteristics and processes of long-range transport Asian ...

Study of long-range transport Asian dust and air pollutants to Taiwan

第十届全国气溶胶会议暨第六届海峡两岸气溶胶技术研讨会

作者： charles c.k.chou Research center for Environmental changes Academia Sinica

Long-range transport of Asian dust and air pollutants are major environmental concerns of Taiwan during the winter monsoon season when northeasterly winds prevail following passages of cold *** on hourly measurements of Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration（TEPA） air quality monitoring stations,Lidar and in-situ Ic,two significant long-range transport dust and air pollutants events on 19 March 2006（case1） and 02 April 2007（case2） have been *** the case1,drastically elevated concentrations of PM10,cO and SO2 along with the strong northeasterly on March 19 were observed over background Wanli station,with peaks of about 200～250μgm-3,1.0 PPM and 19 ppb,*** from TEPA ground stations and RcEc/ASNTU Lidar,consistently showed that the transport of air pollutants was prior to the dust aerosol after the frontal passage for this *** the case 2,air pollutants stayed at the low levels（NOx＜5 ppb,SO2 ＜3ppb,cO ＜0.3 PPM） when PM10 concentration peaked around 300 ug/m3 on April 2,*** conditions analysis indicated that significant precipitation occurred on the episode *** analysis showed that most of the paths are over the ocean before reach ***,the most effective washout and rainfall result in the low air pollutants concentration in case *** from NAQPMS air quality model suggests that the predicted time series of Asian dust distribution agree excellent with the observation of Lidar that was measured in northern *** dust and air pollutants are from different sources whether air pollutants are consistently carried by dust storms or not;it is strongly depended on the paths of the air masses transport and boundary dynamic.

关键词： Dust storm air pollutants long-range transport winter monsoon

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Study of long-range transport Asian dust and air pollutants ...

Hot cracking in AZ31 and AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

第五届海峡两岸气溶胶技术研讨会

作者： charles c.k.chou Research center for Environmental changes Academia SinicaTaipei 115Taiwan

Long-range transport of Asian dust and air pollutants are major environmental concerns of Taiwan during the winter monsoon season when northeasterly winds prevail following passages of cold *** on hourly measurements of Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration (TEPA) air quality monitoring stations,Lidar and in-situ Ic,two significant long-range transport dust events on 19 March 2006 (case 1) and 0203 April 2007 (case2) have been *** the casel,drastically elevated concentrations of PM,cO and SO along with the strong northeasterly on March 19 were observed over background Wanli station,with peaks of about 200350 μgm,1.0 PPM and 19 ppb, *** from TEPA ground stations and RcEc/ASNTU Lidar,consistently showed that the transport of air pollutants was prior to the dust aerosol after the frontal passage for this *** the case 2,air pollutants stayed at the low levels (NOxcOconcentration peaked around 300 ug/m3 on April 2,*** conditions analysis indicated that significant precipitation occurred during the episode *** analysis showed that most of the paths are over the ocean before reach ***,the most effective washout and rainfall result in the low air pollutants concentration in case *** from NA(?)MS air quality model suggests that the predicted time series of Asian dust distribution agree excellent with the observation of Lidar that was measured in northern *** dust and air pollutants are from different sources whether air pollutants are consistently carried by dust storms or not;it is strongly depended with the paths of the air masses transport and boundary dynamic.

关键词： Dust storm air pollutants long-range transport winter monsoon

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第7期27卷 633-640页

作者： c.J. Huang c.M. cheng c.P. chou F.H. chen Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 300 Taiwan China Department of Industrial Education National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 106 Taiwan China

This paper examined the impact of the number of thermal cycles and augmented strain on hot cracking in AZ31 and AZ61 magnesium alloy. Statistical analyses were performed. Following observation using a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, an energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） was used for component analysis. Results showed that Al content in magnesium alloy has an effect on hot cracking susceptibility. In addition, the nonequilibrium solidification process produced segregation in Al content, causing higher liquid Mg-alloy rich Al content at grain boundaries, and resulting into liquefied grain boundaries of partially melted zone （PMZ）. In summary, under multiple thermal cycles AZ61 produced serious liquation cracking. AZ61 has higher （6 wt%） Al content and produced much liquefied Mg17Al12 at grain boundaries under multiple thermal cycles. The liquefied Mg17Al12 were pulled apart and hot cracks formed at weld metal HAZ due to the augmented strain. Since AZ31 had half the Al content of AZ61, its hot-cracking susceptibility was lower than AZ61. In addition, AZ61 showed longer total crack length （TcL） in one thermal cycle compared to that in three thermal cycles. This phenomenon was possibly due to high-temperature gasification of Al during the welding process, which resulted in lower overall Al content. consequently, shorter hot cracks exhibited in three thermal cycles. It was found the Al content of AZ31 and AZ61 can be used to assess the hot-cracking susceptibility.

关键词： Varestraint test Thermal cycles Hot-cracking susceptibility Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) AZ31 AZ61

The Quasi-Parabolic Regulation of the Standard Free Energies of Formation of Binary Intermediate compounds

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Rare Metals 1989年第2期9卷 1-4页

作者： k-c.chou Thermodynamics and Phase Diagram Lab. University of Science and Technology Beijing

In this paper it has theoretically proved that the relationship of the molar atomic standard free energies of formation of binary intermediate compounds to the molar fraction of component is a quasi-parabola which is ... 详细信息

关键词： In The Quasi-Parabolic Regulation of the Standard Free Energies of Formation of Binary Intermediate compounds

Projections of the impacts of climate change on the water deficit and on the precipitation erosive indexes in Mantaro River Basin, Peru

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 264-279页

作者： Sly c.WONGcHUIG carlos R.MELLO Sin c.chou Hydraulics Institute Research Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Soil and Water Engineering Federal University of Lavras Brazilian Weather Research and Forecast National Spatial Research Institute (INPE)

Projections of climate change are essential to guide sustainable development plans in the tropical Andean countries such as Peru. This study assessed the projections of precipitation and potential evaporation, rain erosive potential, and precipitation concentration in the Mantaro River Basin, in the Peruvian Andes, which is important for agriculture and energy production in Peru. We assumed the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change （IPcc） AIB greenhouse gas emission scenario and simulated the global climate change by the HadcM3 global climate model. Due to the steepness of the mountain slopes and the narrowness of the river valley, this study uses the downscaling of the global model simulations by the regional Eta model down to 2o-km resolution. The downscaling projections show decrease in the monthly precipitation with respect to the baseline period, especially during the rainy season, between February and April, until the end of the 21st century. Meanwhile, a progressive increase in the monthly evaporation from the baseline period is projected. The Modified Fournier Index （MFI） shows a statistically significant downward trend in the Mantaro River Basin, whieh suggests a possible reduction in the rain erosive potential. The Precipitation concentration Index （PcI） shows a statistically significant increasing trend, which indicates increasingly more irregular temporal distribution of precipitation towards the end of the century. The results of this study allow us to conclude that there should be a gradual increase in water deficit and precipitation concentration. Both changes can be negative for agriculture, power generation, and water supply in the Mantaro River Basin in Peru.

关键词： Precipitation Evaporation Precipitationconcentration Index (PcI) Modified Fournier Index(MFI) climate change Tropical Andes

Glass transition: from interaction potential changes to the corresponding structural and relaxation responses along the path of reaching the final equilibrium

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Science china chemistry 2018年第1期61卷 46-53页

作者： Guangcui Yuan charles c.Han center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology USA Department of Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University

Glass transition involves a many-body interaction and relaxation process. The splk of relaxation spectrum and the extremely slow dynamics bring into considerations of non-linearity and non-equilibrium. Some of our recent findings in two measurable colloidal systems are reviewed, one with a simple attractive interparticle potential and the other with a competitive （repulsive vs. attractive） inter-particle interaction. With an approach from interaction potential changes to the corresponding structural and relaxation responses, along the path of reaching the final equilibrium, we illustrate some interesting physics in glass formation process. Also, some reviews on the popular glass transition theories are made to remind readers to avoid artifacts and misinterpretations.

关键词： glass transition slow dynamics polymer colloid