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Experimental Losses and Optimum Conditions for Phenanthrene Extraction

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2010年第4期15卷 414-417页

作者：章真怡 chihiro inoue 李广贺 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Tsinghua University Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） are a class of pollutants that are widespread in the en- vironment. Their hydrophobic properties make accurate analyses very difficult. In addition, the experimental losses during extraction of PAHs are inevitable and of great concern. In this study, dichloromethane （DCM）, chloroform （CF）, and carbon disulfide （CDS） were used as solvents to extract phenanthrene （PHN）, a typical PAH, at various temperature and pressure reduction conditions. The extraction was improved using a multi- ple microtube extraction methodology. The results indicate that the CDS had the best performance followed by CF and DCM at 25~C and standard pressure. This was ascribed to the intensity of the molecular interac- tions between the solvent, the water, and the PHN due to their different molecular structures leading to dif- ferent stereo and hydrogen bonding effects. The optimum conditions for extraction of PHN by CDS were determined by correlating the experimental results. The regression shows that the experimental loss rate is linearly proportional to the pressure reduction and exponentially related to the temperature. The correlation can be used to improve extraction efficiencies.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons extraction multiple microtube extraction experimental loss

A porous Co_(3)O_(4)-carbon paper electrode enabling nearly 100% electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia

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Materials Reports(Energy) 2023年第3期3卷 41-47页

作者： Xufeng Rao Jiaying Yan Koji Yokoyama Xiaolin Shao chihiro inoue Mei-fang Chien Yuyu Liu Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences Shanghai UniversityShangda Road 99BaoshanShanghai200444PR China Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAoba KuAoba 6-6-20 AramakiSendaiMiyagi9808579Japan

Co_(3)O_(4) was synthesized on carbon paper(CP)using a facile method to improve electrochemical nitrate-toammonia conversion *** resulting Co_(3)O_(4)-CP electrode demonstrated an exceptional Faradaic efficiency of almost 100% across a broad range of application conditions,with a peak NH3 yield of 3.43 mmol h^(-1) cm^(-2)(2.25 mol gCo^(-1) h^(-1)).

关键词： Nitrate Electroreduction Ammonia Catalyst Co_(3)O_(4)

Evaluation of Cs uptake and accmulation by vegetables and sunflower, 137Cs-accumulator, in agar and hydroponic system

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Evaluation of Cs uptake and accmulation by vegetables and su...

Pharmacological intervention for chronic phase of spinal cord injury

Environmental Pollution and Public Health(EPPH 2012)

作者： Kazuki Sugawara Masayoshi Hatayama Zhenyi Zhang Xuan Zhao chihiro inoue Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Institute of Nuclear and New Technology Tsinghua University

Radioactive ingredients were spread by accident of Fukushima nuclear power plant, especially 137Cs was the most concerned contamination in wide range of Tohoku region in Japan. Cs uptake and accumulation by seedlings of common vegetables such as cabbage （Brassica oleracea var. capitata） and broccoli （Brassica oleracea var. italica） were compared with that of sunflower （Helianthus annuus）, which exhibites high 137Cs accumulation, in agar and hydroponics system. In the uptake experiment on agar medium, sunflower accumulated 10-fold higher stable Cs than cabbage and broccoli in shoots and roots. Compared with hydroponics experiment, the Cs accumulation of the sunflower was several fold higher in the agar experiment. However, cabbage and broccoli exhibited at the same level of Cs accumulation to each other in both experiments. Additionally, Cs absorption of cabbage and broccoli was terminated within the first 2 hours in hydroponics. It was suggested that Cs was adsorbed abruptly on the root surface of these vegetables, then terminated because of slow Cs uptake by them and saturation of the Cs adsorption sites available on the plant surface. The vegetables accumulated only small amount of Cs into edible parts compared with sunflower.

关键词： component cesium seedling plant food safety Helianthus annuus Brassica oleracea var. capitata Brassica oleracea var. italica

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1377-1389页

作者： chihiro Tohda Section of Neuromedical Science Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of ToyamaToyamaJapan

Spinal cord injury is an intractable traumatic injury. The most common hurdles faced during spinal cord injury are failure of axonal regrowth and reconnection to target sites. These also tend to be the most challenging issues in spinal cord injury. As spinal cord injury progresses to the chronic phase, lost motor and sensory functions are not recovered. Several reasons may be attributed to the failure of recovery from chronic spinal cord injury. These include factors that inhibit axonal growth such as activated astrocytes, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, myelin-associated proteins, inflammatory microglia, and fibroblasts that accumulate at lesion sites. Skeletal muscle atrophy due to denervation is another chronic and detrimental spinal cord injury–specific condition. Although several intervention strategies based on multiple outlooks have been attempted for treating spinal cord injury, few approaches have been successful. To treat chronic spinal cord injury, neural cells or tissue substitutes may need to be supplied in the cavity area to enable possible axonal growth. Additionally, stimulating axonal growth activity by extrinsic factors is extremely important and essential for maintaining the remaining host neurons and transplanted neurons. This review focuses on pharmacotherapeutic approaches using small compounds and proteins to enable axonal growth in chronic spinal cord injury. This review presents some of these candidates that have shown promising outcomes in basic research(in vivo animal studies) and clinical trials: AA-NgR(310)ecto-Fc(AXER-204), fasudil, phosphatase and tensin homolog protein antagonist peptide 4, chondroitinase ABC, intracellular sigma peptide,(-)-epigallocatechin gallate, matrine, acteoside, pyrvate kinase M2, diosgenin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and fampridine-sustained release. Although the current situation suggests that drug-based therapies to recover function in chronic spinal cord injury are limited, potential candidat

关键词： axonal growth chronic phase clinical study pharmacotherapy spinal cord injury

Heat coma as an indicator of resistance to environmental stress and its relationship to ocean dynamics in the sea skaters, Halobates （Heteroptera： Gerridae）

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Insect Science 2011年第6期18卷 703-711页

作者： Tetsuo Harada Shiho Takenaka Takero Sekimoto Mitsuru Nakajyo Takao inoue Takamasa Ishibashi chihiro Katagiri Laboratory of Environmental Physiology Graduate School of Integrated Sciences and Arts Kochi University Kochi Institute of Low Temperature Sciences Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan

The tolerance to temperature increase was tested for Halobates individuals collected during two cruises in the western tropical Pacific Ocean （MR-06-05-Leg 3, December 21, 2006-January 12, 2007, 0°N-8°N; KH-06-02-Leg 5, August 18-31, 2006, 12°N-17°N）. High temperature coma experiments were conducted on adults and 5th instar larvae. On average, H. sericeus （distributed in the wide latitude zone of 5°N-40°N）, H. germanus （distributed in the moderate latitude zone of 0°N-35°N） and H. micans （distributed mainly in the lower latitudes around the equator） were on average paralyzed at 35.6℃（SD： 0.89）, 32.9℃ （SD： 2.17） and 31.6℃ （SD： 2.60）, respectively （P = 0.035）. According to the current dynamics during the cruise, the colony ofH. sericeus at one station （5°N 137°E） may have been transferred from the northern area of 14°N by three currents （North Equatorial Current, Mindanao Current and North Equatorial Counter Current） to the area of 5°N 138°E. Extremely high heat resistance was shown by the adults of H. germanus in the sea area around the equator. Dynamic current and air movements in this area around the equator, that is a ＂warm seawater pool＂, could be hypothesized to be related to the high resistance to heat shown in this study.

关键词： currents distribution heat paralysis oceanic dynamics oceanic Halobates

View interpolation networks for reproducing the material appearance of specular objects

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Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 2023年第1期5卷 1-10页

作者： chihiro HOSHIZAWA Takashi KOMURO Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University338-8570255 Shimo-Okubo Sakura-ku SaitamaJapan

Background In this study, we propose view interpolation networks to reproduce changes in the brightness of an object′s surface depending on the viewing direction, which is important for reproducing the material appearance of a real object. Method We used an original and modified version of U-Net for image transformation. The networks were trained to generate images from the intermediate viewpoints of four cameras placed at the corners of a square. We conducted an experiment using with three different combinations of methods and training data formats. Result We determined that inputting the coordinates of the viewpoints together with the four camera images and using images from random viewpoints as the training data produces the best results.

关键词： View synthesis Image transformation network Reflectance reproduction Material appearance U-Net

Laninamivir-induced ischemic enterocolitis:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第9期10卷 2864-2870页

作者： chihiro Suzuki Tsuneaki Kenzaka Department of Internal Medicine Hyogo Prefectural Tamba Medical CenterTanba 669-3495Japan Division of Community Medicine and Career Development Kobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobe 652-0032Japan

BACKGROUND Neuraminidase inhibitor-associated acute hemorrhagic colitis is *** report a case of ischemic enterocolitis that was likely caused by *** SUMMARY A 54-year-old female patient with influenza type A was administered 40 mg of laninamivir via inhalation *** the same day,the patient experienced bloody stools and lower abdominal pain.A contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed edema-like changes from the descending colon to the sigmoid colon,which suggested ischemic *** We treated a patient with ischemic enterocolitis caused by laninamivir,a rare but similar symptom following the administration of oseltamivir.

关键词： Hemorrhagic colitis Ischemic enterocolitis Laninamivir Influenza Neuraminidase inhibitor Case report

Dynamic interplay between viral adaptation and immune recognition during HIV-1 infection

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Protein & Cell 2010年第6期1卷 514-519页

作者： chihiro Motozono Philip Mwimanzi Takamasa Ueno Center for AIDS Research Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto 860-0811Japan

Untreated human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections usually lead to death from AIDS,although the rate of the disease progression varies widely among *** cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)response,which is restricted by highly polymorphic MHC class I alleles,plays a central role in controlling HIV *** is now recognized that the antiviral efficacy of CTLs at the single cell level is dependent on their antigen specificity and is important in determining the quality of host response to viruses so that the individual will remain ***,because of the extreme mutational plasticity of HIV,HIV-specific CTL responses are continuously and dynamically *** order to rationally design an effective vaccine,the questions as to what constitutes an effective antiviral CTL response and what characterizes a potent antigenic peptide to induce such responses are becoming highlighted as needing to be answered.

关键词： HIV/AIDS peptide-MHC complex HLA class I cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune escape

Matrine promotes neural circuit remodeling to regulate motor function in a mouse model of chronic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 1961-1967页

作者： Norio Tanabe Tomoharu Kuboyama chihiro Tohda Division of Neuromedical Science Institute of Natural Medicine University of Toyama

In chronic phase of spinal cord injury, functional recovery is more untreatable compared with early intervention in acute phase of spinal cord injury. In the last decade, several combination therapies successfully improved motor dysfunction in chronic spinal cord injury. However, their effectiveness is not sufficient. We previously found a new effective compound for spinal cord injury, matrine, which induced axonal growth and functional recovery in acute spinal cord injury mice via direct activation of extracellular heat shock protein 90. Although our previous study clarified that matrine was an activator of extracellular heat shock protein 90, the potential of matrine for spinal cord injury in chronic phase has not been sufficiently evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether matrine ameliorates chronic spinal cord injury in mice. Once daily intragastric administration of matrine(100 μmol/kg per day) to spinal cord injury mice were starte at 28 days after injury, and continued for 154 days. Continuous mat rine treatment improved hindlimb motor function in chronic spinal cord injury mice. In injured spinal cords of the matrine-treated mice, the density of neurofilament-H-positive axons was increased. Moreover, matrine treatment increased the density of bassoon-positive presynapses in contact with choline acetyltransferase-positive motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord. These findings suggest that matrine promotes remodeling and reconnection of neural circuits to regulate hindlimb movement. All protocols were approved by the Committee for Animal Care and Use of the Sugitani Campus of the University of Toyama(approval No. A2013 INM-1 and A2016 INM-3) on May 7, 2013 and May 17, 2016, respectively.

关键词： matrine chronic spinal cord injury axonal growth synaptogenesis hindlimb locomotor presynapse immunohistochemistry Basso Mouse Scale Body Support Score Sophora flavescens