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evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： Cao, Zhen Aharonian, F. Axikegu Bai, Y.X. Bao, Y.W. Bastieri, D. Bi, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bian, W. Bukevich, A.V. Cao, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Chang, J. Chang, J.F. chen, A.M. chen, e.s. chen, H.X. chen, Liang chen, Lin chen, Long chen, M.J. chen, M.L. chen, Q.H. chen, s. chen, s.H. chen, s.Z. chen, T.L. chen, Y. cheng, N. cheng, Y.D. Cui, M.Y. Cui, s.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Dai, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Danzengluobu Dong, X.Q. Duan, K.K. Fan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fang, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Feng, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, s.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Gabici, s. Gao, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Ge, M.M. Geng, L.s. Giacinti, G. Gong, G.H. Gou, Q.B. Gu, M.H. Guo, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Han, Y.A. Hasan, M. He, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. Hor, Y.K. Hou, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hu, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, s.C. Huang, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Ji, X.L. Jia, H.Y. Jia, K. Jiang, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jin, M. Kang, M.M. Karpikov, I. Kuleshov, D. Kurinov, K. Li, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, s.D. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Liang, e.W. Liang, Y.F. Lin, s.J. Liu, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, s.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Luo, Q. Luo, Y. Lv, H.K. Ma, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Mao, J.R. Min, Z. Mitthumsiri, W. Mu, H.J. Nan, Y.C. Neronov, A. Ou, L.J. Pattarakijwanich, P. Pei, Z.Y. Qi, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qiao, B.Q. Qin, J.J. Raza, A. Ruffolo, D. sáiz, A. saeed, M. semikoz, D. shao, L. shchegolev, O. sheng, X.D. shu, F.W. song, H.C. stenkin, Yu.V. stepanov, V. su, Y. sun, D.X. sun, Q.N. sun, X.N. sun, Z.B. Takata, J. Tam, P.H.T. Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics & experimental Physics Division & Computing Center Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Unive.s.ty of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu China Dublin Institute for Advanced studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place 2 Dublin Ireland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O. Box 103980 Heidelberg 69029 Germany school of Physical science and Technology & school of Information science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China school of Astronomy and space.s.ience Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & school of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of sciences Moscow 117312 Russia Hebei Normal Unive.s.ty Shijiazhuang 050024 China Unive.s.ty of science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China state Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and space Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210023 China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311121 China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China school of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays (Tibet Unive.s.ty) Ministry of Education Lhasa 850000 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China school of Physics and Astronomy (Zhuhai) & school of Physics (Guangzhou) & sino-French Institute of Nuclear engineering and Technology (Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai 519000 & Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong China Institute of Frontier and

The γ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated by the.s.ock of supernova remnant (sNR) W51C and the de.s. molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region, W51B. However, the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains elusive. Based on observations conducted with the Large High Altitude Air shower Observatory (LHAAsO), we report a significant detection of γ rays emanating from the W51 complex, with energies from 2 to 200 TeV. The LHAAsO me.s.rements, for the first time, extend the γ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at te.s.of TeV. By combining the "π0-decay bump" featured data from Fermi-LAT, the broadband γ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision model. The observed spectral bending feature.s.ggests an exponential cutoff at ∼400 TeV or a power-law break at ∼200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum, most likely providing the first evidence of sNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV regime. Additionally, two young star cluste.s.within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energetic γ rays observed by LHAAsO. Our findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs. © 2024 science China Press

关键词： Cosmic rays

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TDP-43 is a key molecule accelerating development of Alzheimer’s dise.s. following traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 955-956页

作者： Chu chen Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology Long School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA

Currently,more than 55 million people have dementia worldwide and Alzheimer’s dise.s.(AD)is one of the most common causes of dementia in ***,no effective therapies are currently available for the prevention and treatment of *** is largely due to our limited unde.s.anding of the mechanisms underlying the neuropathogenesis of *** has widely been recognized that AD is heterogeneous and that multi-factors are contributing to the pathogenesis of *** evidence.s.ggests that traumatic brain injury(TBI)is an important risk factor for the development of AD and dementia later in life(Guo et al.,2000;Johnson et al.,2010).However,the precise mechanism by which TBI contributes to developing AD has yet to be elucidated.

关键词： Alzheimer traumatic

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A two-step multi-frequency receiver function inve.s.on method for shallow crustal s-wave velocity structure and its application across the basin-mountain range belts in Northe.s. China

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science China earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 687-703页

作者： Ruihao YANG Xu WANG Ling chen Mingye FeNG Qifu chen state Key Laboratory of Lithospheric evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

A shallow crustal velocity structure(above 10 km depth) is e.s.ntial for unde.s.anding the crustal structures and deformation and asse.s.ng the exploration prospect of natural resources, and also provides priori information for imaging deeper crustal and mantle.s.ructure. Passive.s.urce.s.ismic methods are cost-effective and advantageous for regional-scale imaging of shallow crustal structures compared to active.s.urce methods. Among these passive methods, techniques utilizing receiver function waveforms and/or body-wave amplitude ratios have recently gained prominence due to their relatively high spatial resolution. However, in basin regions, reverberations caused by near-surface unconsolidated sedimentary laye.s.often introduce.s.rong non-uniquene.s.and uncertainty, limiting the applicability of such methods. To addre.s.these challenges, we propose a two-step inve.s.on method that uses multi-frequency P-RF waveforms and P-RF horizontal-to-vertical amplitude ratios. synthetic tests indicate that our two-step inve.s.on method can mitigate the non-uniquene.s.of the inve.s.on and enhance the.s.ability of the results. Applying this method to telese.s.ic data from a linear se.s.ic array across the.s.dimentary basins in Northe.s. China, we obtain a high-resolution image of the.s.allow crustal s-wave velocity structure along the array. Our results reveal significant differences between the basins and mountains. The identification of low-velocity anomalies(s^(-1)) at depths le.s.than 1.0 km beneath the erlian Basin and le.s.than 2.5 km beneath the.s.ngliao Basin suggests the existence of sedimentary laye.s. Moreover, the high-velocity anomalies(~3.4–3.8 km s^(-1)) occurring at depths greater than 7 km in the.s.ngliao Basin may reflect mafic intrusions emplaced during the early Cretaceous. Velocity anomaly distribution in our imaging result is consistent with the location of the major faults, uplifts, and sedimentary depre.s.ons, as well as active.s.urce.s.ismic res

关键词： Receiver function Frequency dependence Two-step inve.s.on shallow crustal velocity structures Unconsolidated sedimentary basins

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Migration Networks Pattern of China’s Floating Population from the Pe.s.ective of Complex Network

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Chinese Geographical science 2024年第2期34卷 327-341页

作者： LIU Wangbao chen Ranran College of Geography science South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China

since China’s reform and opening-up,the growing disparity between urban and rural are.s.and regions has led to massive *** China’s Rural Revitalization strategy and the industrial transfer from the e.s.ern coastal are.s.to the inland,the migration direction and pattern of the floating population have undergone certain *** the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic survey(CMDs),excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan regions of China,organized by China’s National Health Commission,the relationship matrix of the floating population is constructed according to the inflow place of the interviewe.s.and their outflow place(the location of the registered residence)in the questionnaire *** then apply the complex network model to analyze the migration direction and network pattern of China’s floating population from the city *** migration network shows an obvious hierarchical *** first-,second-,third-and fourth-tier distribution cities are municipalities directly under the central government,provincial capital cities,major cities in the central and western regions and ordinary cities in all provinces,*** migration trend is from the central and western regions to the e.s.ern coastal *** migration network has‘small world’characteristics,forming nine *** shows that most node cities in the.s.me community are closely linked and geographically close,indicating that the migration network of floating population is still affected by geographical *** the urban-rural and regional differences will promote the rational distribution this *** is nece.s.ry to strengthen the reform of the registered residence.s.stem,so that the floating population can enjoy urban public services comparable to other populations,and allow migrants to live and work in peace.

关键词： complex network floating population migration network spatial pattern community structure

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A review of the neurotransmitter system associated with cognitive function of the cerebellum in Parkinson's dise.s.

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 324-330页

作者： Xi chen Yuhu Zhang Department of Neurology Guangdong Neuroscience InstituteGuangdong Provincial People’s Hospital(Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences)Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina shantou Unive.s.ty Medical College ShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina

The dichotomized brain system is a concept that was generalized from the‘dual syndrome hypothesis’to explain the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment,in which anterior and posterior brain syste.s.are independent but partially *** dopaminergic system acts on the anterior brain and is responsible for executive function,working memory,and *** contrast,the cholinergic system acts on the posterior brain and is responsible for semantic fluency and visuospatial *** from dopaminergic/cholinergic imaging or functional neuroimaging has shed significant insight relating to the involvement of the cerebellum in the cognitive proce.s.of patients with Parkinson’s *** research has reported evidence that the cerebellum receives both dopaminergic and cholinergic ***,whether these two neurotransmitter syste.s.are associated with cognitive function has yet to be fully ***,the precise role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s dise.s. and cognitive impairment remains ***,in this review,we.s.mmarize the cerebellar dopaminergic and cholinergic projections and their relationships with cognition,as reported by previous studies,and investigated the role of the cerebellum in patients with Parkinson’s dise.s. and cognitive impairment,as determined by functional *** findings will help us to unde.s.and the role of the cerebellum in the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s dise.s..

关键词： anterior brain system cerebellum cholinergic cognitive impairment dopaminergic dual syndrome hypothesis neuroimage neurotransmitter Parkinson’s dise.s. posterior brain system therapeutic targets

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Construction of enhanced multi-polarization and high performance electromagnetic wave absorption by self-growing ZnFe_(2)O_(4)on Cu_(9)s_(5)

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第8期31卷 1922-1934页

作者： Wenxiong chen Honglong Xing school of Chemical engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

The development of 3D structural composites with electromagnetic(eM)wave absorption could attenuate eM ***,magnetized flower-like Cu_(9)s_(5)/ZnFe_(2)O_(4)composites were fabricated through a multistep hydrothermal *** crystallographic and surface phase chemical information,morphological structure,and magnetic and eM paramete.s.of the composites were *** prepared Cu_(9)s_(5)/ZnFe_(2)O_(4)composites have multiple loss paths for eM waves and present an overall 3D flower-like *** Cu_(9)s_(5)/ZnFe_(2)O_(4)composites exhibit a minimum reflection loss of-54.38 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 5.92 *** magnetization,ZnFe_(2)O_(4)particles are.s.lf-assembled and grown on the.s.rfaces of Cu_(9)s_(5).such a modification is conducive to the generation of additional cross-linking contact sites and the effective introduction of a large number of phase interfaces,crystalline defects,special three-dime.s.onal flower-like.s.ructures,and magneto-electrical coupling loss ***,the.s.nergistic effect of multiple loss strategies effectively improves eM wave absorption by the *** work can provide a strategy for the use of magnetizationmodified sulfide composite functional materials in eM wave absorption.

关键词： self-assembled material electromagnetic wave absorption enhanced multi-polarization effect Cu_(9)s_(5)/ZnFe_(2)O_(4)composites radar cross-section

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Coupled DeM-FDM analyses of the effects of falling rock’s shape and impact angle on response of granular cushion and rock shed

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2024年第8期16卷 3353-3364页

作者： Jingyu Xue chen Cao Jianhua Yan Yaopeng Ji Jianping chen College of Construction engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun130026China school of earth sciences and engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing210098China

Rock shed is an effective protection me.s.re against *** investigate the influences of falling rock’s shape and impact angle on the impact effect of the cushioned rock shed,a modeling approach for a rock shed with a cushion layer using *** granular cushion is modeled as an aggregate of discrete non-cohesion particles,while the concrete plate and the beam are modeled as *** falling rock with different sphericities and impact angles is modeled as a rigid *** numerical model is validated by comparing the.s.mulation results with experimental and numerical results from previous *** model is applied to analyze the effects of rock shape and impact angle on the dynamic interaction effects between falling rock and cushioned rock shed,including the impact force,transmitted bottom force,penetration depth,and plate *** numerical results show that the variation in the falling rock’s shape has different effects on the falling rock with different impact *** findings could support rock shed design by revealing the limitations of the assumptions in the past research,which may result in unsafe rock she.s.for some rockfall cases.

关键词： Rockfall Coupled DeM-FDM analysis Rock’s shape Impact angle Granular cushion Rock shed

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Coupling and coordinated evolution characteristics of regional economy-energy-carbon emission multiple.s.ste.s.A case.s.udy of main China's Basin

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第6期140卷 204-218页

作者： Lu chen Xin Li Jingyi Zhao Xinyu Kang Lu Liu Minxi Wang Wu chen College of Management science Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610051China sDU Life Cycle engineering Department of Green TechnologyUniversity of Southern Denmark5230 OdenseDenmark

Comprehe.s.ve analysis of the economy-energy-Carbon emission(eeCe.s.stem is beneficial for promoting sustainable.s.cial *** study analyzes the.s.stem development of major wate.s.e.s.in China from 2010 to *** research fully conside.s.the.s.stem’s internal and external inputs and outputs and proposes an evaluation index system for regional eeCe coupling and coordinated ***,using the difference in system weight allocation to improve the coupling and coordination model,the.s.udy explores the dynamic system’s coupling and *** results show that(1)The development of the.s.stem structure is relatively stable,but the overall development status is not ideal;(2)The downstream of China’s main river basins has obvious economic advantages,while the energy system fluctuates *** efficiency of the carbon emission system will decre.s. in are.s.with rapid economic *** coupling and coordination level of the eeCe.s.stem is better in the Yangtze River Basin than in the Yellow River Basin;(3)From the pe.s.ective of dynamic coordinated development,the main river basins have been divided into two states since 2012,but it is relatively stable *** dynamic coordination is often at a disadvantage in regions with rapid economic and energy development;(4)The coupling coordination degree of the two river basins has significant positive.s.atial *** provinces’significant spatial clustering characteristics of the coupling coordination degree are High-High ***-Low type provinces are mainly concentrated *** research proce.s.has certain reference.s.gnificance for the collaborative governance of complex regional syste.s.

关键词： system structure efficiency me.s.re Coupling mechanism Dynamic coordination

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A special editor’s Issue on Magnesium Matrix Composites

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Acta Metallurgica sinica(english Lette.s. 2024年第3期37卷 389-390页

作者： Xianhua chen Hong Yang College of Materials science and engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China National engineering Research Center for Mg Alloys Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China

Magnesium(Mg)alloys offer distinct advantages as one of the lightest structural *** remarkable weight advantages,being 35%lighter than aluminum alloy and a striking 78%lighter than steel,make them a focal point for research in automotive and aerospace *** emphasis ste.s.from the overarching goal of reducing energy costs and enhancing overall performance[1,2].

关键词： alloy steel alloys

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Potential of molecular chaperones for treating Alzheimer’s dise.s.

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2343-2344页

作者： Gefei chen Jan Johansson Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

Alzheimer’s dise.s.(AD)is the most prevalent form of dementia,i.e.,progre.s.ve memory loss and profound cognitive dysfunction,resulting in a considerable.s.cietal *** the neuropathological level,the brains of AD patients exhibit amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques,neurofibrillary tangles,and neuroinflammation(sala Frigerio and De.s.rooper,2016).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation Aβ

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