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Malaria Characteristics in Children with Sickle Cell Disease

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第1期12卷 125-130页

作者： Indou Deme/Ly cheikh binetou fall Awa Kane Ibrahima Diop Aminata Mbaye Yaaye Joor Dieng Denika Estelle Liapoui Idrissa Demba Ba Abou Ba Aliou Thiongane Papa Moctar Faye Amadou Lamine fall Ibrahima Diagne Ousmane Ndiaye cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal

Background: The relationship between sickle cell disease and malaria is the subject of much controversy. However, there is a lack of data in our services. Our objective was to study the epidemiological, diagnostic and evolutionary characteristics of malaria in children with sickle cell disease followed in a specialized setting. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who presented with malaria and were followed at the Ambulatory Care Unit for Sickle Cell Children and Adolescents (USAD) at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital in Dakar, from January 1st, 2017, to December 31th, 2019. We included all the followed pediatric patients, less than 16 years, with sickle cell disease who presented at least one episode of malaria, confirmed by a positive thick drop, during this 3 years. We did not include patients with incomplete records or those older than 16 years. The clinical and biological signs, the follow up was collected and analyzed with Excel package 2019. Results: Of 3773 patients followed for sickle cell disease, 21 had presented malaria. The frequency was 0.5% or 7 cases/year. However, we exploited the data of 14 of them. The sex ratio was 6 boys for a girl and the mean age at admission was 7.3 years. The highest number of malaria cases was observed in 2018 and the peak frequency was observed in November with 8 cases (57.1%). Fever was the most frequent symptom, observed in 10 patients (71.4%). All patients were SS homozygous, with a mean baseline hemoglobin level of 7.5g/dl. All patients had a positive thick blood smear and Plasmodium falciparum was the only species found in the blood smear, with a mean parasite density of 1693 parasites/ml of blood. All patients had anemia, with a mean hemoglobin level of 7.74 g/dl. Twelve patients (85.7%) were hospitalized and had all received injectable artesunate followed by oral Artemisinin Combination Ther

关键词： Malaria Sickle Cell Disease Children

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Impact of COVID-19 on Biological Diagnosis of Malaria: Case of the Thierno Mouhamadoul Mansour Barro Hospital in Mbour, Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第1期13卷 31-40页

作者： Isaac Akhénaton Manga Coura Seye Ameth Dramé cheikh binetou fall Souleye Lélo Carole Pab Minlekib Marie Pierre Diouf Jean Louis Abdourahim Ndiaye Khadime Sylla Babacar Faye Service Parasitologie-Mycologie FMPO UCAD Dakar Senegal Ministry of Health and Social Action Dakar Senegal Hôpital Thierno Mouhamadoul Mansour Barro de Mbour Medical Region of Thiès Mbour Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Department UFR Santé Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Senegal

Background: In Africa, malaria-endemic regions have not been spared from COVID-19 outbreak which emerged in the first quarter of 2020. This pandemic has shown clinical and therapeutic similarities with malaria. This following study sought to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the malaria diagnosis. Method: A review of laboratory registers and an exploitation of the District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) to collect information on the diagnosis of malaria by microscopy and by rapid diagnostic test (RDT), but also that of COVID-19 was done from 2017 to 2021 at the Thierno Mouhamadoul Mansour Hospital in Mbour, Senegal. Results: In 2017, 199 Thick drops (TDs) and 1852 RDTs were performed for malaria diagnosis. In 2018, it was 2352 malaria tests with 2138 RDTs and 214 TDs, before reaching a peak of 3943 tests in 2019 including 3742 RDTs and 201 TDs. By 2020, 2263 tests were performed with 2097 malaria RDTs, 158 TDs and 8 COVID RDTs. The latter increased significantly in 2021, reaching 444 COVID RDTs, while TDs and malaria RDT kept decreasing to 147 and 1036 respectively. Positive TDs were higher in 2020 (11.4%) compared to 2017 (3.5%), 2018 (1.4%), 2019 (6.5%) and 2021 (6.8%). For malaria RDTs, a decrease in the number of positive tests was noted between 2017 (4.5%) and 2021 (1.3%). The COVID RDTs were all negative in 2020, 29.5% were positive and 4.1% were undetermined in 2021. Conclusion: COVID-19 has led to changes in efforts to diagnose malaria as well as an increase in malaria prevalence directed towards children under 5 years of age.

关键词： Impact COVID-19 Biological Diagnosis Malaria Senegal

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vaginal Trichomoniasis in Women: Study at the University Hospital of Pikine in the Suburbs of Dakar, Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第2期13卷 291-302页

作者： Isaac Akhénaton Manga David Ngom Marie Pierre Diouf Carole Pab Minlekib Souleye Lelo cheikh binetou fall Khadime Sylla Doudou Sow Jean Louis Ndiaye Magatte Ndiaye Roger Clément Tine Babacar Faye Parasitology-Mycology Department Faculty of Medicine-Pharmacy-Odontology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Gynecology Department Keur Massar Health Centre Dakar Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory University Hospital of Pikine Dakar Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Department UFR Santé Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Parasitology-Mycology Department UFR Santé Iba Der Thiam University Thiès Senegal

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of genital trichomoniasis in Senegal. It sought to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with this condition in Senegal. Methodology: The study took place at the university hospital of Pikine in the suburbs of Dakar. For each of the women recruited, socio-demographic data, clinical examination data and the results of direct examination of the vaginal sample were collected in a questionnaire designed for this purpose. Results: A total of 312 women with a mean age of 31.13 (±8.41) years were recruited in this study. The majority of these women (59.94%;95% CI = 54.25 - 65.38), were seen for an infectious diseases assessment. Leucorrhea (58.33%;95% CI = 52.63 - 63.83) and genital discharge on vaginal touch (99.36%;95% CI = 97.45 - 99.89) were the predominant signs on clinical examination. The overall prevalence of vaginal trichomoniasis after direct examination of the specimens was 1.28% (95% CI = 0.41 - 3.47). Only the distribution of this prevalence by occupation was statistically significant (p = 0.0004). Conclusion: The low prevalence of genital trichomoniasis in women and the risk factors associated with it found in this study, which took place about ten years ago, should prompt an update of the data to better define the problem in Senegal.

关键词： Vaginal Trichomoniasis Prevalence Risk Factors Dakar Suburb Senegal

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Characteristics of the Heart of School-Age Children in a Schistosomiasis Endemic Area in Senegal

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2018年第9期8卷 441-451页

作者： Simon Antoine Sarr Roger Camara Fassi-Fehri Hicham cheikh-binetou fall Ibrahima Sory2 Sylla Fatou Aw Malick Bodian Mouhammadou Bamba Ndiaye Alassane Mbaye Adama Kane Babacar Faye Maboury Diao Abdoul Kane Serigne Abdou Ba Cardiology Unit Aristide Le Dantec Teaching HospitalDakarSenegal Parasitology Laboratory Cheikh Anta Diop UniversityDakarSenegal Cardiology Unit Grand Yoff General HospitalDakarSenegal cheikh Anta Diop University DakarSenegal

Introduction: In Senegal, surveys have revealed areas of high endemicity of?Schistosomiasis including the town of Richard Toll. We undertook this study?to determine the echocardiocardiographic characteristics of school-agechildren in endemic bilharziasis. Methodology: We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study in Richard Toll and Dakar in school-age children. Results: A total of 250 children were included. There was male?predominance, age between 4 and 16 (10 years old ± 2.77). Hematuria was reported in 69.6% of cases in endemic areas. Positive testing for Schistoma hæmatobium was found exclusively in Richard-Toll at 33.5%. The diastolic, systolic, basal and median left ventricle dimensions were larger in Richard Toll’s population compared to Dakar. It was the same for the right chambers dimensions. The average pulmonary systolic arterial pressure was greater in Richard-Toll: 26.38 ± 3.16 mmHg versus 21.82 ± 1.73 mmHg in Dakar (p Conclusion: The heart of the school-aged child in endemic area is characterized by larger cavitary dimensions.

关键词： Schistoma h■matobium Hematuria Cardiac Chambers Dilatation

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Study of the Frequency of Superficial Candidiasis at the Fann National Hospital: Search for Candida auris

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第4期13卷 536-549页

作者： Carole Pab Minlekib Doudou Sow Isaac Akhenaton Manga Mamadou Dia Marie Pierre Fatou Diouf Aminata Lam cheikh binetou fall Souleye Lelo Magatte Ndiaye Khadim Sylla Jean Louis Abdourahim Ndiaye Roger Clement Kouly Tine Thèrèse Dieng Babacar Faye Department of Parasitology and Mycology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Parasitology and Mycology Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Laboratory of Parasitology and Mycology CHNU of Fann Dakar Senegal

Background: Superficial candidiasis is a very frequent opportunistic disease caused by yeasts of the genus Candida. Among Candida types, some, such as Candida auris, have developed resistance to several antifungal agents. The objective of this study was to determine the hospital frequency of superficial candidiasis diagnosed at the CHU Fann and to investigate the presence of C. auris among the identified Candida strains. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2019. It involved all patients received at the Parasitology-Mycology laboratory of the CHU of Fann for suspected superficial candidiasis. Nails, skin, and vaginal specimens were subjected to direct examination and culture to identify yeasts of the genus Candida. The Candida strains were then tested by molecular biology targeting the specific C. auris ITS2 region. Results: A total of 1196 patients were examined. One thousand two hundred and five specimens (1205) were collected, including 1042 vaginal specimens, 92 nail specimens, and 71 skin specimens. Superficial candidiasis was diagnosed in 408 patients (37%). Women (34.52%) and patients under 30 years of age (39.60%) were the most affected. Yeasts of the genus Candida were found in 411 specimens (349 vaginal swabs, 36 nail fragments, and 26 skin flakes) by routine mycological techniques. The Candida albicans complex (C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. africana) represented 75.91% of the Candida strains isolated. Molecular biology did not identify C. auris. Conclusion: Superficial candidiasis remains very common in hospitals in Senegal. Candida auris was not found in our study. Due to its rapid spread, surveillance is necessary to prevent epidemics in our hospitals.

关键词： Superficial Candidiasis C. auris Frequency Senegal

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Impact of Education on the Quality of Life of Asthmatics:Evaluative Study of 100 Cases in Pneumophtisiology Department of the Fann National University Hospital Center(FNUHC),Senegal

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2019年第1期7卷 1-12页

作者： cheikh Tacko Diop Khady Thiam Fatimata binetou Rassoule Mbaye Maimouna Fafa Cisse El Hadj Mamadou Ndiaye Samba Niang Thibaut Houssou Yacine Dia Kane Ansoumana Diatta Nafissatou Oumar Toure Direction of FNUHC DakarSenegal Pneumophtisiology Department FNUHCDakarSenegal Pneumology Department Regional Hospital Center of Saint-LouisSaint-LouisSenegal Department of Pneumology Peace HospitalZiguinchorSenegal

Introduction: Therapeutic patient education is a continuous, integrated, patient-centered process. A study was conducted in the Asthma School in the pneumophtisiology department of Senegal. Overall goal was to determine the influence of therapeutic education on the quality of life of asthmatics. Method: Transverse study, descriptive and evaluative therapeutic education provided in the school of asthma on quality of life for asthma patients. Data were analyzed through IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 20. Results: 100 asthmatic patients were included with a sex ratio of 0.37. The average age of the patients was 36.76 years old. The majority (81.3%) (n = 39) being new participants. The average scores for symptoms, exposure to stimuli, emotions and limiting activities stay higher for adherent patients as well as the score overall quality of life. Conclusion: The school of asthma, associated with the therapeutic management, can improve the control of the disease and the quality of life of the patient.

关键词： School of Asthma Chronic Disease Patient Cooperation Non-Medicated Treatment of Asthma

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基于Mask R-CNN的裂缝检测技术

基于Mask R-CNN的裂缝检测技术

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作者：阿扎（Diallo Adjia Fatoumata binetou Yoro）长安大学

学位级别：硕士

近年来,学者对基于像素级分割技术的路面病害检测进行了大量的研究。通过分析提取到的图像特性进行裂缝特征处理。通常有两种方法:一是对不同退化阶段裂缝统计特征的监督分析;二是对裂缝的全面统计分析。裂纹特征的统计意义根据其相关... 详细信息

近年来,学者对基于像素级分割技术的路面病害检测进行了大量的研究。通过分析提取到的图像特性进行裂缝特征处理。通常有两种方法:一是对不同退化阶段裂缝统计特征的监督分析;二是对裂缝的全面统计分析。裂纹特征的统计意义根据其相关性进行了分类。现有的自动裂缝检测技术虽然效果较好但是价格较为昂贵（基于自动检测车技术）,而价格较低的方案效果欠佳且耗时。依靠专业人员检查路面状况并对其进行评估是最简单的方法,但不够准确。此外,这种方法需要大量的人力与时间成本,尤其是在高速公路区域工作或复杂天气情况下会使检测人员面临危险。综合以上情况,自动化路面检测与管理系统可以高效地检测和分类不同类型的路面病害。目前多数道路养护服务与运输机构都相继采用了自动化道路管理和评估系统,这使得计算机视觉技术在路面工程领域的开发与使用成为可能,并且相关的开发程序能与智能交通系统相结合从而提高管理效率。本文所关注的路面裂缝被认为是最常见的路面缺陷,科研人员在裂缝检测算法的研究上投入了大量精力,尤其是在基于数字图像处理的裂缝检测和分类方面。如果路面裂缝不加以适当的处理,将可能导致路面病害更加严重。因此对路面裂缝进行有效检测,并在路面发生结构性病害之前进行合理的维护,对路面管理机构具有相当重要的意义。随着技术的发展与深度卷积神经网络令人瞩目的成就,使得基于深度学习的路面病害检测成为可能。针对路面裂缝检测技术,首先需要效果较好的病害检测和分类算法来定位单个病害。其次,该算法必须能够区分不同类型的裂缝数据,包括网裂、横向裂缝与纵向裂缝,这被认为是最常见的路面病害现象。根据上述情况,随着Mask R-CNN在计算机视觉领域的优异表现与广泛使用,本文所研究的基于Mask R-CNN的路面裂缝检测技术具有一定的可能性。面对非洲地区资源匮乏与路面病害情况,此项技术的实现会大大提升非洲地区的路面养护水平。本研究中采用的方法目的是避免基于人工视觉检测的主观裂缝评价。而且统计数据可以作为基本数据来验证路面养护中的修复政策的合理性。研究内容如下:第二章列出了路面裂缝检测和分割的一些工作。第三章介绍了数据采集、图像标注、数据准备、训练算法和两种训练方法方面的研究。第四章根据实验记录与对比详细介绍实验的方法。最后,第五章概述了本实验的局限性,并为今后的工作指明方向。实验中,我们使用了两种研究方法:方法一:进行两次实验对比。第一次为windows操作系统下采用Tensorflow模型框架与NVIDIA GTX 1650和8GB RAM硬件系统。第二次为Ubuntu 16.04操作系统下使用CUDA,cu DNN,docker的NVIDIA GTX1050与8GB RAM。两次均使用使用GPU进行运算,并对模型进行了12个迭代周期的训练。方法二:在Windows 10操作系统下使用NVIDIA 1650 GTX和8GB的RAM,结合Tensor Flow和Python。在评估中,并集上的交集阈值设置为0.5。节点数定为80。本文提出的两种卷积神经网络方法,特别是Mask R-CNN作为对象检测和分类方法,并利用边界框信息显示破损及其类型。将边界框回归损失和分类损失合并一起用于模型,端到端地处理检测和分类问题。目前,关于路面裂缝的公共数据集较少。本实验训练数据集来自人工挑选的真实路面裂缝数据具有不同退化阶段的路面图像特征,以便数据集能够具有良好的代表性。关于具有挑战性的道路损坏检测综合实验结果,本实验采用评估数据集,用于评估针对路面裂缝问题的Mask R-CNN在标准图像上的应用准确性。根据结果在最佳可检测类别中,实现了84%和85%以上的召回率和精度。结果还表明训练、数据准备和验证过程的重要性。虽然这项研究强调了在三种类型的裂缝（网裂、横向和纵向裂缝）上使用Mask RCNN的优点,但未来的研究将侧重于其他类型的裂缝。此外,未来将扩展数据集使其包含更多类来提高算法的准确率。我们的模型构建的方式允许自然扩展,因此,该扩展最困难的部分是获取所需的其他训练数据。本文所提出的模型优点首先是快速标签数据集,其次是准确性更高。当然,模型也有一些缺点。首先是两种方法的训练时间,可以通过减少数据集可以在某种程度上改善这一点。实验中这样做主要是为了减少计算成本,并且可以通过更少的子采样和更深入的体系结构来获得结果。此外,特征提取网络消耗的资源仍然是网络深度及其层大小的限制因素。由于在GPU上进行卷积运算会大大加快速度,因此最好将网络大小限制在适合范围之内。

关键词：目标分割目标检测深度学习裂缝监测 Docker 有监督

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Risk Factors and Complications in 947 Tuberculosis Patients Hospitalized in the Pulmonology Department of Fann Chnu from 2017 to 2019

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2022年第4期10卷 171-186页

作者： Maïmouna Fafa Cisse Emmanuella Mahugnon Tognimassou Samba Niang Fatimata binetou Rassoule Mbaye Khady Thiam Yacine Dia Kane Nafissatou Oumar Toure Service de pneumologie CHNU de Fann Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Sénégal UFR Santé de Saint Louis Saint Louis Sénégal

Introduction: Despite current progress, tuberculosis remains a major public health problem, given its still high incidence, prevalence, and mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries, including Senegal. This risk is higher for immunocompromised people. Complications and comorbidities can also affect the course of the disease, affecting the prognosis. It is in this context that this study was undertaken with the objective of determining the risk factors and complications in patients hospitalized for tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study carried out in 2021, from records of patients hospitalized for tuberculosis from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, at the Pulmonology Department of Fann. Inclusion criteria were all patients on TB treatment after diagnosis of tuberculosis has been confirmed bacteriologically or clinically according to the World Health Organization’s TB case definition. Multidrug-resistant TB was excluded. Results: Out of 4516 hospitalized patients, 20.96% of patients were tuberculosis patients. The sex ratio was 2.18. 4/5 of the patients were between 18 and 39 years old. The main contributing factors of TB found were undernutrition (93.13%), active smoking (36.75%) and diabetes (35.97%). The time between hospitalization and onset of symptoms was greater than 2 months in 60.53% of cases. A complication was noted in 89.10% of patients, particularly bacterial/viral bronchopulmonary co-infection (31.15%). The trend was favorable in 88.49% of cases. It resulted in death in 10.98% of cases. Conclusion: Most integrated-care nutritional support programs focus on HIV. Undernutrition appears to play a much more important role than HIV in the extent of TB in poor countries. It creates a vicious circle with tuberculosis, one of the components of which is immunosuppression and the increased frequency of complications such as bacterial/viral community/nosocomial co-infection, the actual incidence of w

关键词： Undernutrition Tuberculosis Bacterial Co-Infection

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Study of Factors Associated with the Age of Natural Menopause in Menopausal Women Aged 30 to 80 Years from the Keur Massar Health District in 2015 (Senegal)

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Health 2020年第10期12卷 1333-1344页

作者： Fatoumata binetou Diongue Adama Faye Khadim Niang Jean Augustin Diégane Tine Amadou Ibra Diallo Rodrigue Magloire Eyema Anta Tal-Dia Health and Development Institute Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Menopause is a biological phenomenon that occurs at a more or less early or late age in the life of every woman. The general objective is to study the factors associated with the age of natural menopause in menopausal women aged between 30 and 80 years who have gone through down Keur Massar health district in 2015. Methodology: This was an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted in Keur Massar health district from December 1st to 10th, 2015. Two-stage cluster sampling was conducted. Data were collected during an individual interview at home after consent. They covered socio-economic conditions, health and nutrition status, gynecological-obstetrical history, and lifestyle. A multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox model with a 5% risk of alpha error. Results: A total of 627 postmenopausal women were surveyed. Mean age of these women was 54.5 years (±8.6 years). A proportion of 72.1% of the women was married and 46.7% was in school. Mean age of natural menopause was 47.1 years (±5.03 years). The median age of natural menopause was 47 years. Factors associated with the age of natural menopause were high parity of more than 4 children (Hra = 0.35 [0.13 - 0.92]), the existence of frequent childhood illnesses (Hra = 1.72 [1.13 - 2.64]), use of the intra-uterine device—IUD—as a modern contraceptive method (HRa = 0.39 [0.24 - 0.63]), sibling size (HRa = 0.85 [0.78 - 0.93]), family size (HRa = 1.03 [1.01 - 1.06]), and polygamy regime (HRa = 0.56 [0.37 - 0.85]). Conclusion: Many factors in childhood as well as during the period of female genital activity can impact the age of natural menopause. It is then important to improve the health status of women, children and the standard of living of the population.

关键词： Age Menopause Associated Factors Survival Senegal

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Knowledge Attitudes, Practices and Factors Associated with Blood Donation in the Fatick Health District in 2019 (Senegal)

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2021年第4期11卷 132-146页

作者： Fatoumata binetou Diongue Oumar Bassoum Jean Augustin Diégane Tine Abiboulaye Sall Khadim Niang Mamadou Matar Mbacké Leye Amadou Ibra Diallo Adama Faye Institute of Health and Development Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Health District of Fatick Fatick Senegal Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences of Sant-Louis Saint-Louis Senegal

Introduction: Timely availability of safe blood or blood products is essential for all health care facilities where transfusion occurs, but in many developing and transitional countries, there is still a considerable gap between the need for blood and the supply available. The overall objective was to study knowledge attitudes, practices, and factors influencing blood donation in the general population in Senegal. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study conducted among the Fatick health district population from April 1 to 15, 2019. Thus, the sample is based on a two-stage survey. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire designed, pretested, and administered to 466 people by selected and trained enumerators. The data collected on the smartphone was analyzed using Epi Info 7.***.1.0 software. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed with a 5% risk of alpha error. Results: The average age of respondents was 35 years (±13), with 34 years (±12) for women and 38 years (±15) for men, and more than half of them between 20 and 40 years of age. A proportion of 87% of respondents lived in rural areas and had agriculture as their primary income source. More than half of the individuals (70%) were married, and 68% were educated. The level of knowledge of individuals about blood donation was low at 91.8%. On the other hand, more than half of them had good habits (53.65%). A proportion of 68.0% of individuals had an intention to donate in the future. However, only 24.68% of the population surveyed had already donated blood. Eighty percent of the donations were voluntary. However, 26.09% had repeated this practice. Factors that could influence the practice of blood donation were age, male sex (ORb = 2.18 [1.40 - 3. 37]), high level of education, good knowledge of blood donation (ORb = 2.14 [1.07 - 4.26]), the existence of a relatives donor (ORb = 3.4 [2.19 - 5.26]) and individuals w

关键词： Knowledge Attitudes and Practices Associated Factors Blood Donation Fatick District Senegal

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