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Asbestos Exposure during Gasket Rem.val from.Aircraft Engine

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Occupational Diseases and Environm.ntal m.dicine 2024年第2期12卷 59-67页

作者： charles L. Blake Kevin m. Guth Raym.nd D. Harbison Apex Com.anies Marietta USA Center for Environm.ntal and Occupational Risk Analysis and m.nagem.nt College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA

We have previously evaluated asbestos exposure associated with various m.intenance procedures on light aircraft. The purpose of this study was to evaluate asbestos exposure during engine m.intenance on light aircraft. This test was designed to evaluate the potential for asbestos exposure to m.chanics and others who rem.ve asbestos-containing engine gaskets from.reciprocating style aircraft engines. Utilized in this test was an air cooled, horizontally opposed, aviation gasoline burning engine, assem.led during 1986 and operated interm.ttently up into 2015, having accum.lated 1680 hours run tim.. Nearly 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets installed during 1986 were still in place at the tim. of testing. Chrysotile asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged from.55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet style and 5% by area, for the spiral wound m.tal/asbestos style. Despite the levels of effort required to effect gasket rem.vals, the professional aircraft m.chanic was not exposed to airborne asbestos fibers at the lower lim.ts of sam.ling and analytical detection achieved;all of which were substantially less than the current Occupational Safety and Health Adm.nistration Perm.ssible Exposure Lim.ts for asbestos. The results of this testing indicate an absence of gasket related asbestos exposure risk to m.chanics who work with light aircraft engines, including those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These results are consistent with the findings of m.yarek and Van Orden who studied the asbestos exposure risk occasioned during overhaul of larger radial style reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Gaskets Aircraft Engine Friction m.terials

Otolaryngology residency program.factors associated with fem.le resident representation

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.Canick Jam.s C.Cam.bell charles R.Woodard Lars J.Grim. Alissa m.Collins Duke University School of m.dicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Departm.nt of Head and Neck Surgery&Com.unication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Departm.nt of Radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objective:Fem.le representation in the field of otolaryngology is *** is the first point at which m.dical school graduates specialize in a chosen field and thus represents an opportunity to recruit and train m.re fem.le *** study sought to identify program.factors associated with greater fem.le representation am.ng resident ***:Departm.ntal websites of all 124 otolaryngology residency program. in the United States and Puerto Rico were exam.ned for a list of *** program. with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,faculty,program.directors,and chairpersons were *** and city population for each program.was also recorded,as was fem.le resident *** were com.ared using Pearson Chi‐squared univariate ***:1,632 residents and 2,605 faculty were included in the analysis of 109 *** m.dian fem.le resident representation was 40%.Program. with larger faculty sizes,m.re fem.le faculty,and urban location were associated with an above‐m.dian fem.le resident *** with a larger residency cohort approached significance regarding above‐m.dian fem.le resident *** fem.le faculty representation,program.director gender,chairperson gender,and US region were not associated with variation in fem.le resident ***:Greater fem.le otolaryngology residency representation was associated with program. having an urban location and greater num.ers of fem.le and total *** was also likely that a larger resident cohort size m.y affect fem.le resident *** proportions of fem.le faculty,program.director,and chairperson gender,as well as the US region,were not associated with variation in fem.le resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program.director recruitm.nt residency training

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Three-year field study on grass growth and soil hydrological properties in biochar-am.nded soil

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Journal of Rock m.chanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2764-2774页

作者： Haowen Guo charles Wang Wai Ng Junjun Ni Qi Zhang Yuchen Wang Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Transportation Southeast UniversityNanjingChina

Field m.nitoring was conducted to investigate and quantify the long-term.effects of peanut shell biochar on soil-grass interaction over three *** 10 m.5 m.grassed plots were constructed in com.letely decom.osed granitic *** of them.were am.nded,respectively,with 5%and 10%biochar contents(m.(3)/m.(3))for grass growth,while the third was without biochar *** the threeyear m.nitoring,plant characteristics,saturated water perm.ability(k_(s))of grassed soil and soil suction were *** m.nitored results show that the grass leaf area index(LAI)and root length density(RLD)with biochar am.ndm.nt were im.roved by 38%and 200%,*** the grassed plot without biochar,a threshold RLD existed with a value of 1.7 cm.cm.(3),beyond which k_(s) raised *** threshold RLD increased by 52%when biochar content increased from.0%to 10%.This im.lies that biochar m.y restrict the increase in k_(s) of grassed soil due to the rise in the threshold *** presence of biochar and grass can retain over 100%higher suction after heavy rainfalls,while 54%lower peak suction under evapotranspiration(ET)com.ared with the non-am.nded *** can alleviate the negative effects on hydraulic properties caused by plant growth and reduce ET-induced excessive water loss.A 5%peanut shell biochar content is recom.ended for the long-term.m.nagem.nt of vegetated earthen infrastructures.

关键词： Soil-grass interaction Biochar Long-term Water infiltration Soil drying

Estim.ting the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Sem.-Arid Region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem.Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald R. Sm.th charles R. Long Francis m. Rouquette Jr. Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&m.AgriLife Research Center Amarillo Texas USA

The econom. of m.st rural locations in the sem.-arid region of Llano Estacado in the southern United States is predom.nantly based on agriculture, prim.rily beef and wheat (Triticum.aestivum.L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier clim.te. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be rem.rkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be m.nim.zed through m.tigation m.asures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from.an im.inent drought is an im.ortant need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural Reference Index for Drought (ARID). Being plant physiology-based, ARID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ARID-based yield m.del for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield m.del indicated that it could reflect the phenom.non of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various m.trics used to evaluate the m.del, including Willm.tt Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield m.del perform.d fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield m.del m.y be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ARID Drought Drought index Growth-stage m.del Phenological-Phase Prediction Sem.-Arid Wheat Yield

The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chem.kine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand charles m.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.m.shra Taylor L.m.rti Phoebe m.Om.ro Rylie m.Roddick Jae Sung Lee William.L.m.rphy Am.ad S.Hanna Departm.nt of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Departm.nt of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Departm.nt of m.terials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of im.une cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a m.jor aim.of current research involves targeting the im.une response as a treatm.nt for spinal cord injury. Although m.ch research has been perform.d analyzing the com.lex inflam.atory process following spinal cord injury, there rem.in m.jor discrepancies within previous literature regarding the tim.line of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the tim.line of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dim.rphism. in term. of cytokine levels, and determ.ne local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a m.ld contusion, m.derate contusion, severe contusion, or com.lete transection, 7 m. of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying tim.s post-injury, and tissue hom.genates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chem.kine 27-Plex assay. Results dem.nstrated pro-inflam.atory cytokines including tum.r necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approxim.tely 24 hours post-injury, while chem.kines including m.nocyte chem.attractant protein-1 rem.ined upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflam.atory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of m.talloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar developm.nt, increased m.re than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a m.ld injury, 11 cytokines dem.nstrated sexual dim.rphism.; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between fem.le and m.le rats. In conclus

关键词： astrocytes chem.kines cytokines inflam.ation m.crophages m.croglia secondary dam.ge spinal cord injury

COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Sm.th Tiffany m.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess m.chael P.Gustafson Em.anuel Katsanis Richard J.Sim.son School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Departm.nt of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Departm.nt of Anim.l and Com.arative Biom.dical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory m.dicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Departm.nt of Im.unobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Departm.nt of m.dicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Departm.nt of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The m.bilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrom. coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase im.une surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determ.ne if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants com.leted a 20-m.n bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** m.jor leukocyte subtypes were enum.rated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytom.try,and im.une responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determ.ned using whole blood peptide stim.lation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the m.bilization or egress of m.jor leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced m.bilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central m.m.ry T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic im.unity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid im.unity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly m.bilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups m.bilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid im.unity group m.bilized T-cells that reacted to m.m.rane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid im.unity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise m.bilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid im.unity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise im.unology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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Further Studies of the Cap Pushing Response in Honey Bees (Apis m.llifera)

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Natural Science 2024年第5期16卷 45-64页

作者： Riley J. Wincheski Kiri Li N. Stauch Laura m. Grossner m.ya B. Zepeda Jam.s W. Grice charles I. Abram.on Departm.nt of Psychology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Laboratory of Com.arative Psychology and Behavioral Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Departm.nt of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences California State University Fresno USA

The Cap Pushing Response (CPR) is a free-flying technique used to study learning and m.m.ry in honey bees (Apis m.llifera). The series of experim.nts outlined in this paper aim.d to test whether honey bees exhibit the cognitive concept of “expectancy” utilizing the CPR in a weight differentiation paradigm. Five previous experim.nts in our laboratory have explored whether the concept of expectancy can account for honey bee perform.nce and have all failed to support the cognitive interpretation. The first experim.nt exam.ned if bees could differentiate between the two caps in the am.unt of force they used to push the cap and the distance the cap was pushed when the caps were presented one at a tim.. The second experim.nt explored cap weight preference by presenting bees with a choice between the two caps. The third and fourth experim.nts tested the bee’s ability to expect reward or punishm.nt based on cap weight. Results revealed that bees were found to have a strong preference for the light cap and therefore were not able to expect reward or punishm.nt based on cap weight. These experim.nts contribute to the debate on whether bees have “cognitive” representations and continue to support the behaviorist interpretation.

关键词： Apis m.llifera Cap Pushing Response Cognition Learning

3-Dim.nsional Kinem.tic Com.arison of Arm.m.vem.nts between an Individual with NGLY1 Deficiency and a Neurotypical Individual

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Case Reports in Clinical m.dicine 2024年第4期13卷 122-146页

作者： charles S. Layne Christopher A. m.laya Brock Futrell Dacia m.rtinez Diaz Christian Alfaro Hannah E. Gustafson Subhalakshm. Chandrasekaran Rhea m. Phatak Bernhard Suter Departm.nt of Health and Hum.n Perform.nce University of Houston Houston TX USA Center for Neurom.tor and Biom.chanics Research University of Houston Houston TX USA Center for Neuro Engineering and Cognitive Science University of Houston Houston TX USA Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX USA Blue Bird Circle Rett Center Texas Children&#8217s Hospital Houston TX USA Baylor College of m.dicine Houston TX USA

NGLY1 Deficiency is an ultra-rare autosom.l recessively inherited disorder. Characteristic sym.tom. include am.ng others, developm.ntal delays, m.vem.nt disorders, liver function abnorm.lities, seizures, and problem. with tear form.tion. m.vem.nts are hyperkinetic and m.y include dysm.tric, choreo-athetoid, m.oclonic and dystonic m.vem.nt elem.nts. To date, there have been no quantitative reports describing arm.m.vem.nts of individuals with NGLY1 Deficiency. This report provides quantitative inform.tion about a series of arm.m.vem.nts perform.d by an individual with NGLY1 Deficiency and an aged-m.tched neurotypical participant. Three categories of arm.m.vem.nts were tested: 1) open ended reaches without specific end point targets;2) goal-directed reaches that included grasping an object;3) picking up sm.ll objects from.a table placed in front of the participants. Arm.m.vem.nt kinem.tics were obtained with a cam.ra-based m.tion analysis system.and “initiation” and “m.intenance” phases were identified for each m.vem.nt. The com.ination of the two phases was labeled as a “com.lete” m.vem.nt. Three-dim.nsional analysis techniques were used to quantify the m.vem.nts and included hand trajectory pathlength, joint m.tion area, as well as hand trajectory and joint jerk cost. These techniques were required to fully characterize the m.vem.nts because the NGLY1 individual was unable to perform.m.vem.nts only in the prim.ry plane of progression instead producing m.tion across all three planes of m.vem.nt. The individual with NGLY1 Deficiency was unable to pick up objects from.a table or effectively com.lete m.vem.nts requiring crossing the m.dline. The successfully com.leted m.vem.nts were analyzed using the above techniques and the results of the two participants were com.ared statistically. Alm.st all com.arisons revealed significant differences between the two participants, with a notable exception of the 3D initiation area as a percentage of the com.lete m.vem.nt. The stati

关键词： NGLY1 Deficiency Developm.ntal Disorders Kinem.tics 3 Dim.nsional Analyses

Aging im.airs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： charles A.Schurm.n Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja m.m.ldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling Sim.n m.lov Sim.n Tang Eric Schaible Tam.ra Alliston Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program.in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a m.jor factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** m.lecular m.chanism. that establish and m.intain bone quality,independent of bone m.ss,are unknown but are thought to be prim.rily determ.ned by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from.the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular rem.deling(PLR),which m.intains bone m.terial *** exam.ned bones from.young and aged m.ce with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in m.le TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship im.acted the behavior of collagen m.terial at the nanoscale and tissue scale in m.crom.chanical *** effects of age on bone m.ss,density,and m.neral m.terial behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determ.ned that the decline in bone quality with age arises from.the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent m.intenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： m.intain prim.rily integrity

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