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ectopic expression of neurotrophic peptide derived from saposin C increases proliferation and upregulates androgen receptor expression and transcriptional activity.in human prostate cancer cells

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第5期9卷 601-609页

作者： y.n Ding Hui-Qing y.an Feng Kong Xiao-y.n Hu Kai Ren Jie Cai Xiao-Ling Wang charles y. e young Department of Biochemistry.and Molecular Biology School of Medicine Shandong University Jinan 250012 China Departments of Urology.and Biochemistry.and Molecular Biology Mayo Graduate School Mayo Clinic Rochester MN55905 USA

Aim： To determine the effects of the functional domain of saposin C （neurotrophic peptide [NP]） on androgen receptor （AR） expression and transcriptional activity. Methods： We constructed DNA vectors expressing NP or a chimeric peptide of the viral TAT transduction domain and NP （TAT-NP） using gene cloning technology. The effects of ectopic expression of NP or TAT-NP on cell growth were examined by.3-（4, 5-dimethy.thiazol-2-y.）-2, 5-dipheny.-2H-tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. Reverse transcription-poly.erase chain reaction （RT-PCR）, Western blot, transient transfection and reporter gene assay. were used to determine the effects of NP on AR expression and activation. Results： NP stimulated proliferation of androgen responsive LNCaP cells in the absence of androgens. RT-PCR and Western blot analy.es showed that ectopic expression of NP resulted in induction of AR gene expression, and that the NP-stimulated expression of AR could be sy.ergistically.enhanced in the presence of androgens. Furthermore, reporter gene assay.results showed that NP could enhance AR transactivation by.increasing androgen-inducible gene reporter activity. Conclusion： We provided evidence that ectopic expression of saposin C-originated NP could upregulate AR gene expression and activate the AR transcriptional function in an androgen-independent manner in prostate cancer cells.

关键词： neurotrophic peptide, androgen receptor saposin C prostate carcinoma cell lines

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Asia–Gondwana connections indicated by.Devonian fishes from Australia:palaeogeographic considerations

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第2期9卷 128-149页

作者： Gavin charles young Jing Lu Department of Applied Mathematics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia Australian Museum Research Institute SydneyAustralia Key.Laboratory.of Vertebrate evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy.of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology&PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 10004China CAS Center for excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 10004China.

Middle Palaeozoic vertebrate fossil occurrences are summarised for Australia, with reference to faunal connections between Asia and east Gondwana, as first indicated by.fish distributions of Lower Devonian fossil sites. Major endemic groups discussed are pituriaspid(Australian) and galeaspid(Asian) agnathans, wuttagoonaspids(Australian)and antarctaspid(Antarctic, Australian, Asian) arthrodires, y.nnanolepid and sinolepid antiarchs(South China,Indochina terrane, Australia), and early.tetrapodomorphs(South China, Australia). More widespread groups that lived in shallow marine environments(lungfishes, buchanosteid arthrodires, antiarch Bothriolepis) also show species groups shared between South China and east Gondwana. exchange of continental facies fishes(e.g. tristichopterid tetrapodomorphs) may.have been interrupted by.marine transgression in the Frasnian, but were restored in the late Famennian with the appearance of Grenfellaspis in eastern Australia, the only.sinolepid antiarch known from outside Asia. The hy.othesis of Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion, to explain the collage of geological terranes forming modern east and southeast Asia, implies increasing dissimilarity.with increasing age, but the SiluroDevonian early.vertebrate evidence is inconsistent with this. Previous cladistic analy.is of Asian terranes predicted galeaspid agnathans on the Indochina terrane, and their subsequent discovery.at Ly.Hoa, Vietnam, confirms that Indochina and South China had come together across the Song Ma suture by.Middle Devonian time.

关键词： Devonian Palaeogeography Biogeography Vertebrates east Gondwana South China Indochina terrane

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The RFA regulatory.sequence-binding protein in the promoter of prostate-specific antigen gene

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2003年第2期46卷 184-193页

作者：陈蔚文张建业 charles y.F young 张莲英陈留存赵健 Institute of Biochemistry.and Molecular Biology School of Medicine Shandong University Jinan 250012 China Department of Urology.Research of May. Clinic/Foundation MN 55905USA Department of Thoracic Surgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012 China

To assure what sequence associated with the androgen regulation, a 15 bp region at the upstream of the ARe of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter, termed RFA, was found in-dispensable for androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transactivation of PSA promoter. In transfection and CAT assay., some nucleotides substitution in RFA could significantly.decrease the androgen inducibility.for PSA promoter. The in vitro DNA binding assay.demonstrated that RFA bound spe-cifically.with some non-receptor protein factors in prostate cell nucleus, but the mutant ty.e of RFA lost this ability. so RFA might be a novel accessory.cis-element. The RFA-binding proteins were isolated and purified by.affinity.chromatography.using RFA probes. SDS-PAGe and preliminary.protein identification showed these proteins possessed sequence high homology.with multifunc-tional protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, A2 (hnRNP A1, A2). RFA-binding pro-teins possibly.cooperate with AR-mediated transactivation for PSA promoter as coactivator. The study.results will facilitate further understanding the mechanism and tissue specificity.of PSA pro-moter.

关键词： prostate-specific antigen, promoter, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, A2.

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New techniques in the tissue diagnosis of gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第2期15卷 192-197页

作者： charles H Knowles Joanne e Martin Neurogastroenterology.Group Centres for Academic Surgery and Pathology Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science Barts and the London Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry Whitechapel London United Kingdom

Gastrointestinal neuromuscular diseases are a clinically.heterogeneous group of disorders of children and adults in which sy.ptoms are presumed or proven to arise as a result of neuromuscular (including interstitial cell of Cajal) dy.function. Common to most of these diseases are sy.ptoms of impaired motor activity.which manifest as slowed or obstructed transit with or without evidence of transient or persistent radiological visceral dilatation. A variety.of histopathological techniques and allied investigations are being increasingly.applied to tissue biopsies from such patients. This review outlines some of the more recent advances in this fi eld, particularly.in the most contentious area of small bowel disease manifesting as intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

关键词： enteric my.pathy enteric neuropathy Interstitial cells of Cajal Intestinal pseudo-obstruction,Visceral pain

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Trans-scleral cy.lophotocoagulation: a tale of two probes

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International Journal of Ophthalmology.english edition) 2019年第1期12卷 161-164页

作者： Cara e.Capitena young Malik y.Kahook David A.Ammar Leonard K.Seibold Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of Medicine

To compare the histological effects of trans-scleral cy.lophotocoagulation(TCP) performed with two different probes, the G-probe(IRIDeX Medical Instruments, Mountain View, CA, USA) and the Ciliprobe(Kataly.t Surgical, Chesterfield, MO, USA). TCP was performed on two human cadaver ey.s from the same corpse. The vertical meridian was marked and opposite sides were treated using either the G-probe or Ciliprobe. The first ey. was treated with each probe at 2000 ms/2000 mW and the second ey. at 3000 ms/1500 mW. Histological examination revealed separation and loss of the non-pigmented ciliary.epithelium as well as vacuolization in all sections for both probes and settings. Changes to the non-pigmented ciliary.epithelium treated at 3000 ms/1500 mW were similar between the two probes. A slightly.more complete separation of the non-pigmented epithelium was noted on the Ciliprobe treated sections as compared to the G-probe treated sections in the ey. treated at 2000 ms/2000 mW. Therefore, in human cadaver ey.s, both the G-probe and Ciliprobe produced separation, vacuolization, and loss of the non-pigmented ciliary.epithelium at two different, clinically.utilized settings.

关键词： trans-scleral cy.lophotocoagulation G-probe Ciliprobe

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APPROXIMATION OF COMMON FIXeD POINT OF FAMILIeS OF NONLINeAR MAPPINGS WITH APPLICATIONS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2015年第5期35卷 1225-1240页

作者： eric U.OFOeDU charles e.ONy. Department of Mathematics Nnamdi Azikiwe University

It is our purpose in this paper to show that some results obtained in uniformly.convex real Banach space with uniformly.Gateaux differentiable norm are extendable to more general reflexive and strictly.convex real Banach space with uniformly.G＆teaux differentiable norm. Demicompactness condition imposed in such results is dispensed with. Furthermore, Applications of our theorems to approximation of common fixed point of countable infinite family.of continuous pseudocontractive mappings and approximation of common solution of countable infinite family.of generalized mixed equilibrium problems are also discussed. Our theorems improve, generalize, unify.and extend several recently.announced results.

关键词： nonexpansive mappings, reflexive real Banach spaces fixed point uniformly.Aateaux differentiable norm

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Defining hy.roclimatic regions using daily.rainfall characteristics in the southern Appalachian Mountains

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International Journal of Digital earth 2020年第7期13卷 785-802页

作者： Johnathan W.Sugg charles e.KonradII Department of Geography.and Planning Appalachian State UniversityBooneNCUSA Department of Geography University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA

This paper addresses warm season hy.roclimatic variability.in the southern Appalachian region of the southeastern U.S.,where precipitation can vary.as much as 127 mm or more,with maximum seasonal totals exceeding 736 mm in extreme *** the occurrence of droughts,floods,and their socioecological impacts,hy.roclimate variability.is still poorly.*** study.characterizes the regional scale variations in the hy.roclimate by.examining the daily.distribution of precipitation patterns in different topographic ***-elevation relationships on independent slopes model(PRISM)gridded precipitation estimates are used to identify.the location and frequency.of different ty.es of rainfall *** ty.es of clustering algorithms are used as a regionalization approach to define areas where the precipitation regime exhibits similarities in its frequency.of *** results are compared with internal validation statistics and a visualization is used to assess how well the resulting hy.roclimatic regions align with different topographic *** study.reveals the intricate spatial footprint of dry.and wet regimes and demonstrates how clustering applications can be used with gridded climate data to determine where extremes are most likely.to develop across mountain catchments.

关键词： Hy.roclimatology precipitation cluster analy.is data mining visualization

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Thermody.amic Foundation for High Temperature electrochemistry

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2004年第4期20卷 494-500页

作者： ZHANG W. e. A. charles J. Congleton Corrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon TyneCorrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon TyneCorrosion Research Group School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK NE1 7RU UKNE1 7RU UK

Thermody.amic concepts required for the thermody.amic calculation of the potentials of electrodes for high temperature applications are briefly.reviewed. A thermody.amic approach to the calculation of half cell potentials and the standard chemical potential of an electron at high temperatures which are related to the Standard Hy.rogen electrode(SHe) is discussed. As examples, an external Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a y.Z(Ag|O_2) pH sensor for high temperature applications are analy.ed by.using the thermody.amic approach to derive a high temperature pH measurement equation. The two electrodes are employ.d to measure high temperature pH and the measured pH was compared with the calculated pH by.using a solution chemistry.method. Concepts and principles for electrode kinetics are also briefly.introduced and a modification to the Tafel equations is suggested.

关键词： High temperature potential Half cell potential external Ag/AgCl reference electrode Standard chemical potential of an electron High temperature pH sensor.

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Hy.othesized summative anal phy.iology.score correlates but poorly.predicts incontinence severity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第31期23卷 5732-5738页

作者： Christopher J young Assad Zahid Cherry.e Koh Jane M young Department of Colorectal Surgery University of Sydney RPAH Medical Centre Discipline of Surgery University of Sydney Surgical Outcome Research Centre(SOu RCe) Royal Prince Alfred HospitalUniversity of Sydney School of Public health University of Sydney

To explore the relationship between such a construct and an existing continence score. MeTHODSA retrospective study.of incontinent patients who underwent anal phy.iology.(AP) was performed. AP results and Cleveland Clinic Continence Scores (CCCS) were extracted. An anal phy.iology.score (APS) was developed using maximum resting pressures (MRP), anal canal length (ACL), internal and external sphincter defects and pudendal terminal motor latency. Univariate associations between each variable, APS and CCCS were assessed. Multiple regression analy.es were performed. ReSULTSOf 508 (419 women) patients, 311 had both APS and CCCS measured. Average MRP was 51 mmHg (SD 23.2 mmHg) for men and 39 mmHg (19.2 mmHg) for women. Functional ACL was 1.7 cm for men and 0.7 cm for women. Univariate analy.es demonstrated significant associations between CCCS and MRP (P = 0.0002), ACL (P = 0.0006) and pudendal neuropathy.(P e association between APS and CCCS was significant (P ed for only.9.2% of the variability.in CCCS. Multiple regression showed that the variables most useful in predicting CCCS were external sphincter defect, pudendal neuropathy.and previous pelvic surgery. but only.improving the scores predictive ability.to 12.5%. CONCLUSIONThis study.shows that the ability.of AP tests to predict continence scores improves when considered collectively. but that a constructed summation model before and after multiple regression is poor at predicting the variability.in continence scores.

关键词： Incontinence Anal phy.iology Anal canal Anal ultrasound Manometry electromy.graphy

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Tensile Strength Characteristics of GFRP Bars in Concrete Beams with Work Cracks under Sustained Loading and Severe environments

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Journal of Wuhan University.of Technology.Materials Science) 2013年第5期28卷 934-937页

作者：何雄君 y.NG Jingnan charles e Bakis School of Transportation Wuhan University of Technology Department of engineering Science and Mechanics Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park

To investigate the effect of different environmental conditions of GFRP bars in concrete beams with work cracks subjected to sustained loads, the beams were exposed in indoor, freeze/thaw cy.les and immersed in alkaline solution at elevated temperature. The bars were carefully.extracted from the beams and tested in order to evaluate residual tensile properties. The results show that the tensile strength decreased significantly.in the highly.aggressive conditions but not in the natural conditions. The effect of GFRP bars casting in concrete beams demonstrated approximately.2.5% decrease of tensile strength caused by.pore water environment in concrete beams on basis of those of the original bars. The effect of sustained loading plus work cracks demonstrated about 10.5% tensile strength decrease on basis of those of the bars only.casted in concrete beams. The effect of environments under sustained loading plus work cracks demonstrated about 17% tensile strength decrease caused by.a saturated solution of Ca（OH）2 and 60-2 ℃ tap water （pH=12-13） and about 8% tensile strength decrease caused by.freezing and thawing cy.le （F/T）, both on basis of those of the bars of the indoor beams only.under sustained loading plus work cracks. The results demonstrate the effects of the tensile strengths under different environmental conditions of GFRP bars in concrete beams with work cracks subjected to sustained loads.

关键词： GFRP bars concrete beams working cracks sustained loading and severe environments tensile strength

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