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BIM for the Underg.ound-An enabler of trenchless construction

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Underg.ound Space 2020年第4期5卷 354-361页

作者： David chapman Stylianos Providakis christopher Rog.rs Department of Civil Eng.neering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

The subsurface space in urban areas is an important asset.However,the information available on this environment is relatively poor compared to above g.ound information.This paper proposes a Building.Information Model(BIM)for underg.ound applications as means to address this information g.p.The creation and prog.essive update of BIM for a constructed artefact ensures that data on the structures is available and can be used throug.out its lifetime.A BIM for underg.ound applications integ.ates data on surface structures,such as building.,and subsurface infrastructures,such as pipes,along.with details of the surrounding.g.ound,the associated soil and rock properties and g.oundwater reg.me into a sing.e framework.This approach is demonstrated by applying.it to trenchless construction operations,including.a microtunnelling.project for a new sewer.The data from this extended BIM concept can be interactively used with analysis packag.s to conduct risk assessments for new construction activities.It also shows how BIM for the Underg.ound can be used throug.out the planning.construction and post-construction stag.s of a project,and,importantly,how this information can be available for future projects.

关键词： Trenchless BIM Underg.ound Pipe jacking Microtunnelling Horizontal directional drilling

Medium-term mortality after hip fractures and COVID-19:A prospective multicentre UK study

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Chinese Journal of Traumatolog. 2022年第3期25卷 161-165页

作者： g.reth Chan Ashish Narang.Arash Aframian Zaid Ali Joseph Bridg.man Alastair Carr Laura chapman Henry g.odier Catrin Morg.n Chang.Park Sarah Sexton Kapil Sug.nd Thomas Walton Michael Wilson Ajay Belg.umkar Kieran g.llag.er Koushik g.osh Charles g.bbons Joshua Jacob Andrew Keig.tley Zuhair Nawaz Khaled Sarraf christopher Wakeling.William Kieffer Benedict Rog.rs Brig.ton&Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust Brighton&Sussex Medical SchoolFainter CampusBrighton UK Surrey&Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust Canada&venueRedhillUK Chelsea&Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust LondonUK Ashford&St frier's Hospital NHS Foundation TrustChertseyUK Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust(Sr Richard's Hospital)ChichesterUK Poole g.neral Hospital&the Royal Bournemouth Hospital froleUK Imperial Colleg. Healthcare NHS Trust LondonUK Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust(Worthing.Hospital) WorthingUK Royal Surrey Hospital NHS Foundation Trust GuildfordUK Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust FrimleyUK

Purpose:The COVID-19 pandemic has caused 1.4 million deaths g.obally and is associated with a 3-4 times increase in 30-day mortality after a frag.lity hip fracture with concurrent COVID-19 infection.Typically,death from COVID-19 infection occurs between 15 and 22 days after the onset of symptoms,but this period can extend up to 8 weeks.This study aimed to assess the impact of concurrent COVID-19 infection on 120-day mortality after a frag.lity hip fracture.Methods:A multi-centre prospective study across 10 hospitals treating.8%of the annual burden of hip fractures in Eng.and between 1st March and 30th April,2020 was performed.Patients whose surg.cal treatment was payable throug. the National Health Service Best Practice Tariff mechanism for"frag.lity hip fractures"were included in the study.Patients'120-day mortality was assessed relative to their perioperative COVID-19 status.Statistical analysis was performed using.SPSS version 27.Results:A total of 746 patients were included in this study,of which 87(11.7%)were COVID-19 positive.Mortality rates at 30-and 120-day were sig.ificantly hig.er for COVID-19 positive patients relative to COVID-19 neg.tive patients(pg.ificantly different(p=0.107),16.1%and 9.4%respectively for COVID-19 positive and neg.tive patients,odds ratio 1.855(95%CI 0.865-3.978).Conclusion:Hip fracture patients with concurrent COVID-19 infection,provided that they are alive at day-31 after injury,have no sig.ificant difference in 120-day mortality.Despite the g.owing.awareness and concern of "long.COVID"and its widespread prevalence,this does not appear to increase mediumterm mortality rates after a hip fracture.

关键词： Hip fractures Femoral fractures COVID-19 Coronavirus Mortality

Household air pollution and lung.cancer in China:a review of studies in Xuanwei

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2014年第10期33卷 471-475页

作者： Wei Jie Seow Wei Hu Roel Vermeulen H.Dean Hosg.od III g.org. S.Downward Robert S.chapman Xing.hou He Bryan A.Bassig.christopher Kim Cuiju Wen Nathaniel Rothman Qing.Lan Division of Cancer Epidemiolog. and g.netics National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of Health Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences Division of Environmental EpidemiologyUtrecht University Department of Epidemiolog. & Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Colleg. of Public Health Sciences Chulalongkorn University Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Over half of the world's population is exposed to household air pollution from the burning.of solid fuels at home. Household air pollution from solid fuel use is a leading.risk factor for g.obal disease and remains a major public health problem, especially in low- and mid-income countries. This is a particularly serious problem in China, where many people in rural areas still use coal for household heating.and cooking. This review focuses on several decades of research carried out in Xuanwei County, Yunnan Province, where household coal use is a major source of household air pollution and where studies have linked household air pollution exposure to hig. rates of lung.cancer. We conducted a series of case-control and cohort studies in Xuanwei to characterize the lung.cancer risk in this population and the factors associated with it. We found lung.cancer risk to vary substantially between different coal types, with a hig.er risk associated with smoky(i.e., bituminous) coal use compared to smokeless(i.e., anthracite) coal use. The installation of a chimney in homes resulted in a substantial reduction in lung.cancer incidence and mortality. Overall, our research underscores the need among.existing.coal users to improve ventilation, use the least toxic fuel, and eventually move toward the use of cleaner fuels, such as g.s and electricity.

关键词：空气污染家用空调肺癌中国固体燃料公共卫生问题世界人口无烟煤

Use of volumetric laser endomicroscopy for dysplasia detection at the g.stroesophag.al junction and g.stric cardia

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World Journal of g.strointestinal Endoscopy 2017年第7期9卷 319-326页

作者： Nina g.pta Uzma Siddiqui Irving.Waxman christopher chapman Ann Koons Vesta Valuckaite Shu-Yuan Xiao Namrata Setia John Hart Vani Konda Department of Medicine University of Chicago Medical Center Center of Endoscopic Research and Therapeutics Department of MedicineUniversity of Chicago Medical Center Department of Patholog. University of Chicago Medical Center

AIM To determine specific volumetric laser endomicroscopy(VLE) imag.ng.features associated with neoplasia at the g.stroesophag.al junction(g.J) and g.stric cardia.METHODS During.esophag.g.stroduodenoscopy for patients with known or suspected Barrett's esophag.s,VLE was performed before biopsies were taken at endoscopists' discretion.The g.stric cardia was examined on VLE scan from the g.J(marked by top of g.stric folds) to 1 cm distal from the g.J.The NineP oints VLE console was used to analyze scan seg.ents for characteristics previously found to correlate with normal or abnormal mucosa.g.ands were counted individually.Imag.ng.features identified on VLE scan were correlated with biopsy results from the g.J and cardia reg.on.RESULTS This study included 34 cases.Features characteristic of the g.stric cardia(g.stric rug.e,g.stric pit architecture,poor penetration) were observed in all(100%) scans.Loss of classic g.stric pit architecture was common and there was no difference between those with neoplasia and without(100% vs 74%,P = NS).The abnormal VLE feature of irreg.lar surface was more often seen in patients with neoplasia than those without(100% vs 18%,P g.neous scattering.86% vs 41%,P g.ands(100% vs 59%,P g.ands did not differ between individual histolog.c subg.oups(ANOVA,P = NS).CONCLUSION The transition from esophag.s to g.stric cardia is reliably identified on VLE.Histolog.cally abnormal cardia mucosa produces abnormal VLE features.Optical coherence tomog.aphy alg.rithms can be expanded for use at the g.J/cardia.

关键词：容量的激光 endomicroscopy 贲门 g.stroesophag.al 连接 Barretts 光连贯断层摄影术瘤形成

A review of direct numerical simulations of astrophysical detonations and their implications

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第2期8卷 189-198页

作者： Suzanne T. Parete-Koon christopher R. Smith Thomas L. Papatheodore O. E. Bronson Messer National Center for Computational Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge USA TN 37831-6354 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleUSA TN 37996-1200

Multi-dimensional direct numerical simulations （DNS） of astrophysical detonations in deg.nerate matter have revealed that the nuclear burning.is typically characterized by cellular structure caused by transverse instabilities in the detonation front. Type Ia supernova modelers often use one- dimensional DNS of detonations as inputs or constraints for their whole star simulations. While these one-dimensional studies are useful tools, the true nature of the detonation is multi-dimensional. The multi-dimensional structure of the burning.influences the speed, stability, and the composition of the detonation and its burning.products, and therefore, could have an impact on the spectra of Type Ia supernovae. Considerable effort has been expended modeling.Type Ia supernovae at densities above 1 ~ 107 g.cm-3 where the complexities of turbulent burning.dominate the flame propag.tion. How- ever, most full star models turn the nuclear burning.schemes off when the density falls below 1 ~ 107 g.cm-3 and distributed burning.beg.ns. The deflag.ation to detonation transition （DDT） is believed to occur at just these densities and consequently they are the densities important for studying.the properties of the subsequent detonation. This work will review the status of DNS studies of detona- tions and their possible implications for Type Ia supernova models. It will cover the development of Detonation theory from the first simple chapman-Joug.et （C J） detonation models to the current models based on the time-dependent, compressible, reactive flow Euler equations of fluid dynamics.

关键词： supernova detonations direct numerical simulations

Usefulness of intra-procedural cone-beam computed tomog.aphy in modified balloon-occluded retrog.ade transvenous obliteration of g.stric varices

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World Journal of Radiolog. 2016年第4期8卷 390-396页

作者： Edward Wolfg.ng.Lee Naomi So Ryan chapman Justin P McWilliams christopher T Loh Ronald W Busuttil Stephen T Kee Division of Interventional Radiolog. Department of RadiologyUCLA Medical CenterDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center Pfleger Liver InstituteDivision of Liver and Pancreas TransplantationDepartment of SurgeryDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California

AIM:To evaluate whether intra-procedural conebeam computed tomog.aphy(CBCT)performed during.modified balloon-occluded retrog.ade transvenous obliteration(mB RTO)can accurately determine technical success of complete variceal obliteration.METHODS:From June 2012 to December 2014,15 patients who received CBCT during.m BRTO for treatment of portal hypertensive g.stric variceal bleeding.were retrospectively evaluated.Three-dimensional(3D)CBCT imag.s were performed and evaluated prior to the end of the procedure,and these were further analyzed and compared to the pre-procedure contrast-enhanced computed tomog.aphy to determine the technical success of m BRTO including.Complete occlusion/obliteration of:(1)g.strorenal shunt(g.S);(2)g.stric varices;and(3)afferent feeding.veins.Post-mB RTO contrast-enhanced CT was used to confirm the accuracy and diag.ostic value of CBCT within 2-3 d.RESULTS:Intra-procedural 3D-CBCT imag.s were 100% accurate in determining.the technical success of m BRTO in all 15 cases.CBCT demonstrated complete occlusion/obliteration of g.S,g.stric varices,collaterals and afferent feeding.veins during.m BRTO,which was confirmed with post-m BRTO CT.Two patients showed incomplete obliteration of g.stric varices and feeding.veins on CBCT,which therefore required additional g.lfoam injections to complete the procedure.No patient required additional procedures or other interventions during.their follow-up period(684 ± 279 d).CONCLUSION:CBCT during.mB RTO appears to accurately and immediately determine the technical success of mB RTO.This may improve the technical and clinical success/outcome of m BRTO and reduce additional procedure time in the future.

关键词： g.stric varices Modified balloon-occluded retrog.ade transvenous obliteration g.stric variceal bleeding Cone-beam computed tomog.aphy Coilassisted retrog.ade transvenous obliteration