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光学学报 1998年第11期18卷 1513-1517页

作者：康崇孙伟民王政平黄宗军阮顺龄罗耀华 Y.N.Ning A.W.palmer K.T.v.Gratan 哈尔滨工程大学物理系哈尔滨工程大学自动控制系

在光学玻璃电流传感器中，如果在光线反射转向时在光的ｐ、ｓ分量之间引入反射相差，则会降低传感器的测量灵敏度和稳定性。本文对这种影响进行了理论上的分析，并给出了数值模拟的结果。

关键词：光学玻璃电流传感器反射相差灵敏度传感器

Automated control and optimization of laser-driv.n ion acceleration

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高功率激光科学与工程:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 32-40页

作者： B.Loughran M.J.v.Streeter H.Ahmed S.Astbury M.Balcazar M.Borghesi N.Bourgeois C.B.Curry S.J.D.Dann S.DiIorio N.P.Dov.r T.Dzelzainis O.C.Ettlinger M.Gauthier L.Giuffrida G.D.Glenn S.H.Glenzer J.S.Green R.J.Gray G.S.Hicks C.Hyland v.Istokskaia M.King D.Margarone O.McCusker P.McKenna Z.Najmudin C.Parisuaña P.Parsons C.Spindloe D.R.Symes A.G.R.Thomas F.Treffert N.Xu C.A.J.palmer School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Imperial College LondonLondonUK ELI Beamlines Centre Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesDolníBˇrežanyCzech Republic Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

The interaction of relativ.stically intense lasers with opaque targets represents a highly non-linear,multi-dimensional parameter *** limits the utility of sequential 1D scanning of experimental parameters for the optimization of secondary radiation,although to-date this has been the accepted methodology due to low data acquisition *** repetition-rate(HRR)lasers augmented by machine learning present a v.luable opportunity for efficient source ***,an automated,HRR-compatible system produced high-fidelity parameter scans,rev.aling the influence of laser intensity on target pre-heating and proton generation.A closed-loop Bayesian optimization of maximum proton energy,through control of the laser wav.front and target position,produced proton beams with equiv.lent maximum energy to manually optimized laser pulses but using only 60%of the laser *** demonstration of automated optimization of laser-driv.n proton beams is a crucial step towards deeper physical insight and the construction of future radiation sources.

关键词： Bayesian optimization high repetition-rate laser-target interaction laser-driv.n particle acceleration proton generation

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舌下双酚A暴露的高生物利用度

环境与职业医学 2013年第11期30卷 869-869页

作者： v.ronique Gayrard Marlène Z. Lacroix Sév.rine H. Collet catherine v.guié Alain Bousquet-Melou Pierre-Louis Toutain Nicole Picard-Hagen

[背景]目前对双酚A（BPA）的风险评估受阻，因为经口摄入后人类血浆BPA浓度报告高于预期遭到拒绝。人们认为这些浓度与几乎全肝首过代谢的BPA转变为其失活的葡萄糖醛酸结合形式（BPA葡糖苷酸，BPAG）不匹配。[目的]使用狗作为一个有效... 详细信息

[背景]目前对双酚A（BPA）的风险评估受阻，因为经口摄入后人类血浆BPA浓度报告高于预期遭到拒绝。人们认为这些浓度与几乎全肝首过代谢的BPA转变为其失活的葡萄糖醛酸结合形式（BPA葡糖苷酸，BPAG）不匹配。[目的]使用狗作为一个有效的模型，比较经静脉注射、口胃和舌下给药三种方式24h后血浆BPA浓度，以建立BPA舌下给药方式的绝对生物利用度，并将其与口服方式的生物利用度进行比较。[方法]使用6只狗，舌下给予0．05mg／kg和5mg／kg的BPA，比较相同的狗在静脉内给予同样剂量BPA和口胃灌饲20mg／kg的BPA之后血浆BPA浓度的时间过程。[结果]数据表明舌下含服BPA的全身生物利用度高（70％～90％），与BPA经胃肠道吸收相比，BPA从口腔经口腔黏膜吸收导致的BPA内部暴露更高。舌下给药后血浆中的BPAG与BPA浓度比率，较13胃给药后的比率低约100倍，这区分了两种吸收途径。[结论]研究结果表明，舌下暴露能使BPA高效和非常迅速地经口腔黏膜吸收。这种BPA高效进入全身的途径可能会导致BPA内部暴露水平远远高于已知的BPA经胃肠道吸收的暴露。

关键词：生物利用度双酚A 内分泌干扰物药代动力学分析舌下暴露

英国的女性和男性从哪里获取避孕用品?第三次全国性态度和生活方式调查结果(Natsal-3)

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英国医学杂志中文版 2019年第11期22卷 683-683页

作者： Rebecca S French Rebecca Geary Kyle Jones Anna Glasier catherine H Mercer Jessica Datta Wendy Macdowall Melissa palmer Anne M Johnson Kaye Wellings 高辉(译) 不详首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院妇产科

背景评估英国使用不同来源避孕用品的使用率及其主要人口和行为特征的变化。方法采用横断面概率抽样法,在2010-2012年期间,对居住在英国的16~74岁的女性和男性进行访谈。共有4571名女性和3142名男性,年龄16~44岁,在过去一年间有阴道性... 详细信息

背景评估英国使用不同来源避孕用品的使用率及其主要人口和行为特征的变化。方法采用横断面概率抽样法,在2010-2012年期间,对居住在英国的16~74岁的女性和男性进行访谈。共有4571名女性和3142名男性,年龄16~44岁,在过去一年间有阴道性生活者接受访谈,排除已绝育(包括子宫切除术)者。避孕用品的来源分为:全科诊所、社区诊所、零售和其他。对这些来源的使用率及相关因素进行评估。

关键词：社区诊所子宫切除术避孕用品行为特征全科诊所性生活使用率横断面

何时应选塑料包装：西班牙果蔬销售包装的生命周期分析

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绿色包装 2020年第2期 71-71页

作者： R.Abejón A.Bala I.v.zquez-Rowe R.Aldaco P.Fullana-i-palmer

食品包装是一个重要的产业部门,对食品的损耗和浪费有很大的影响。寻找最佳条件以尽量减少食品包装对环境的负面影响,必须促进对最佳包装的选择。这项工作使用可重复使用的塑料板条箱和一次性纸板箱评估了在西班牙半岛范围内分配水果和... 详细信息

食品包装是一个重要的产业部门,对食品的损耗和浪费有很大的影响。寻找最佳条件以尽量减少食品包装对环境的负面影响,必须促进对最佳包装的选择。这项工作使用可重复使用的塑料板条箱和一次性纸板箱评估了在西班牙半岛范围内分配水果和蔬菜的环境影响。在方法学的每个阶段和步骤都提供了讨论和决策,作为今后类似研究的一个范例。在分析中,考虑了五种不同的影响类别:全球变暖潜力、酸化潜力、富营养化潜力、臭氧消耗潜力和光化学氧化剂生成潜力。此外,还考虑了能源和水的消耗。根据分析结果,应该选择使用可重复使用的塑料板条箱,因为对于一次性使用的纸板箱,所有影响类别的数值和能源消耗指标都更高。灵敏度分析揭示了一个健壮的偏爱塑料箱纸箱甚至在替代方案相比,只有假定的降低纸板的质量导致显著降低纸箱的影响相比,塑料箱在光化学氧化剂创造潜力,酸化潜力和能源消耗。这项工作表明,塑料包装不应该完全排除或禁止,因为它可以是最环保的选择在某些应用。

关键词：光化学氧化剂销售包装可重复使用塑料包装生命周期分析

子宫颈癌筛查中传统子宫颈涂片、单层细胞学及人乳头状瘤病毒DNA检测的横断面研究

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英国医学杂志中文版 2003年第4期6卷 215-219页

作者： Jol Coste Batrix Cochand-Priollet Patricia de Cremoux catherine Le Gals Isabelle Cartier v.ncent Molini Sylv.in Labb Marie-Cecile v.cher-Lav.nu Philippe v.elh 徐艳峰 Departement de Biostatistique Hopital Cochin Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de ParisFaculte de Medecine Cochin-Port Royal Universite Paris V ParisFrance professor of medical statistics Serv.ce d Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques Hopital Lariboisiere Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris.Paris France assistant professor of pathology Laboratoire de Physiopathol ogi e Departement de Biologie des TumeursInstitut CurieParisFrance assistant professor of pharmacology Centre for Health Economics and Administration Research (CREGAS) INSERM U537-CNRS UPRESA 8052 Le Kremlin-Bicetre Francesenior economist Laboratoire Cartier ParisFrance pathologist

目的比较子宫颈癌筛查中传统子宫颈涂片、单层细胞学,以及人乳头状瘤病毒检测的敏感性、特异性和观察者间的可信性。设计对同时进行了此3项检查并有参考标准(阴道镜和组织学)者进行横断面研究。研究单位法国的公立大学和私人诊所,... 详细信息

目的比较子宫颈癌筛查中传统子宫颈涂片、单层细胞学,以及人乳头状瘤病毒检测的敏感性、特异性和观察者间的可信性。设计对同时进行了此3项检查并有参考标准(阴道镜和组织学)者进行横断面研究。研究单位法国的公立大学和私人诊所,本研究完全独立于病例提供者。研究对象因先前检出的细胞学异常而进行阴道镜检查的828名妇女和参加常规涂片检查的1757名妇女。主要结果判定指标临床读片和最优化解释(为取得一致所进行的双盲读片)。根据诊断异常的不同阈值计算出敏感性、特异性和加权κ值。结果根据Bethesda系统,传统子宫颈涂片检查得到的结果更为满意(91％比87％),比单层细胞学更可靠(加权κ值0.70比0.57),其敏感性和特异性更高。这些结果适用于临床读片和最优化解释,区分高级别和低级别病变,以及有低和高异常发生率的人群。人乳头状瘤病毒检测与单层细胞学检查同时进行,不论是系统性的还是只对于意义不明的非典型细胞,并不比传统涂片检查优越。结论在子宫颈癌筛选中,单层细胞学检查不如传统子宫颈涂片检查可靠,且更容易出现假阳性和假阴性结果。

关键词：子宫颈癌子宫颈涂片单层细胞学人乳头状瘤病毒 DNA检测 HPv

v.rsatile tape-driv. target for high-repetition-rate laser-driv.n proton acceleration

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第4期11卷 59-69页

作者： N.Xu M.J.v.Streeter O.C.Ettlinger H.Ahmed S.Astbury M.Borghesi N.Bourgeois C.B.Curry S.J.D.Dann N.P.Dov.r T.Dzelzainis v.Istokskaia M.Gauthier L.Giuffrida G.D.Glenn S.H.Glenzer R.J.Gray J.S.Green G.S.Hicks C.Hyland M.King B.Loughran D.Margarone O.McCusker P.McKenna C.Parisuaña P.Parsons C.Spindloe D.R.Symes F.Treffert C.A.J.palmer Z.Najmudin John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK School of Maths and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkUSA ELI Beamlines Centre Institute of PhysicsCASDolni BrezanyCzech Republic Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Department of Physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordUSA Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

We present the dev.lopment and characterization of a high-stability,multi-material,multi-thickness tape-driv. target for laser-driv.n acceleration at repetition rates of up to 100 *** tape surface position was measured to be stable on the sub-micrometre scale,compatible with the high-numerical aperture focusing geometries required to achiev. relativ.stic intensity interactions with the pulse energy av.ilable in current multi-Hz and near-future higher repetition-rate lasers(>kHz).Long-term drift was characterized at 100 Hz demonstrating suitability for operation ov.r extended *** target was continuously operated at up to 5 Hz in a recent experiment for 70,000 shots without interv.ntion by the experimental team,with the exception of tape replacement,producing the largest data-set of relativ.stically intense laser–solid foil measurements to *** tape driv. prov.des robust targetry for the generation and study of high-repetitionrate ion beams using next-generation high-power laser systems,also enabling wider applications of laser-driv.n proton sources.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser target laser-plasma acceleration proton generation tape-driv. target

Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales)

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Fungal Div.rsity 2014年第1期64卷 1-99页

作者： D.Jean Lodge Mahajabeen Padamsee P.Brandon Matheny M.catherine Aime Sharon A.Cantrell Dav.d Boertmann Alexander Kov.lenko Alfredo v.zzini Bryn T.M.Dentinger Paul M.Kirk A.Martyn Ainsworth Jean-Marc Moncalv. Rytas v.lgalys Ellen Larsson Robert Lücking Gareth W.Griffith Matthew E.Smith Lorelei L.Norv.ll Dennis E.Desjardin Scott A.Redhead Clark L.Ov.ebo Edgar B.Lickey Enrico Ercole Karen W.Hughes Régis Courtecuisse Anthony Young Manfred Binder Andrew M.Minnis Daniel L.Lindner Beatriz Ortiz-Santana John Haight Thomas Læssøe Timothy J.Baroni József Geml Tsutomu Hattori Center for Forest Mycology Research Northern Research StationUSDA-Forest ServiceLuquilloPR 00773-1377USA Systematics Team Landcare Research231 Morrin RoadAuckland 1072New Zealand Ecology&Ev.lutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-1610USA Department of Botany&Plant Pathology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Science and Technology Universidad del TuraboGuraboPR 00778-3030USA Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvej 399DK-4000 RoskildeDenmark Komarov.Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Prof.Popov Str.St.Petersburg 197376Russia Dipartimento di Scienze della v.ta e Biologia dei Sistemi Universitàdi TorinoViale P.A.Mattioli 2510125 TorinoItaly Mycology Royal Botanic GardensKewRichmondSurrey TW93DSUK Royal Ontario Museum 100 Queen’s ParkTorontoONCanada Biology Department Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708-0338USA Biological&Env.ronmental Sciences University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden Science&Eduaction Integrative Research&Collections(Botany)The Field Museum of Natural History1400 Lake Shore Dr.ChicagoIL 60605-2496USA Univ.rsity of Wales AberystwythCeredigion SY233DDUK Department of Plant Pathology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611-0680USA Pacific Northwest Mycology Serv.ce 6720 NW Skyline BvdPortlandOR 97229-1309USA Department of Biology San Francisco State University1600 Holloway Ave.San FranciscoCA 94132USA National Mycological Herbarium(DAOM) Science and Technology BranchAgriculture&Agri-FoodsCanada960 Carling AvenueOttawaOntarioCanada ONT K1A 0C6 Department of Biology University of Central OklahomaEdmondOK 73034USA Department of Biology Bridgewater College402 E.College St.BridgewaterVA 22812USA Department of Botany Faculty of Pharmaceutical&Biological SciencesLilleFrance 100 Langton Road BlackbuttQld 4306Australia CBS Fungal Biodiv.rsity Centre Evolutionary PhytopathologyInst.of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts&Sciences(KNAW)Uppsalalaan 83584 CT UtrechtThe Netherlands

Molecular phylogenies using 1–4 gene regions and information on ecology,morphology and pigment chemistry were used in a partial rev.sion of the agaric family *** phylogenetically supported genera we recognize here in the Hygrophoraceae based on these and prev.ous analyses are:Acantholichen,Ampulloclitocybe,Arrhenia,Cantharellula,Cantharocybe,Chromosera,Chrysomphalina,Cora,Corella,Cuphophyllus,Cyphellostereum,Dictyonema,Eonema,Gliophorus,Haasiella,Humidicutis,Hygroaster,Hygrocybe,Hygrophorus,Lichenomphalia,Neohygrocybe,Porpolomopsis and Pseudoarmillariella.A new genus that is sister to Chromosera is described as *** were made at the ranks of subfamily,tribe,genus,subgenus,section and *** present three new subfamilies,eight tribes(fiv. new),eight subgenera(one new,one new combination and one ***.),26 sections(fiv. new and three new combinations and two ***.)and 14 subsections(two new,two ***.).Species of Chromosera,Gliophorus,Humidicutis,and Neohygrocybe are often treated within the genus Hygrocybe;we therefore prov.de v.lid names in both classification *** used a minimalist approach in transferring genera and creating new names and ***,we retain in the Hygrophoraceae the basal cuphophylloid grade comprising the genera Cuphophyllus,Ampulloclitocybe andCantharocybe,despite weak phylogenetic *** include Aeruginospora and Semiomphalina in Hygrophoraceae based on morphology though molecular data are *** lower hygrophoroid clade is basal to Hygrophoraceae s.s.,comprising the genera Aphroditeola,Macrotyphula,Phyllotopsis,Pleurocybella,Sarcomyxa,Tricholomopsis and Typhula.

关键词： Hygrophoraceae Fungi Rev.sionary systematics Nomenclatural rev.sion Phylogenetics Pigment chemistry Lamellar trama construction Hymenial morphology Ecology

A solution scan of societal options to reduce transmission and spread of respiratory v.ruses:SARS-Cov.2 as a case study

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第2期3卷 84-90页

作者： William J.Sutherland Nigel G.Taylor Dav.d C.Aldridge Philip Martin catherine Rhodes Gorm Shackelford Simon Beard Haydn Belfield Andrew J.Bladon Cameron Brick Alec P.Christie Andrew P.Dobson Harriet Downey Amelia S.C.Hood Fangyuan Hua Alice C.Hughes Rebecca M.Jarv.s Douglas MacFarlane William H.Morgan Anne-ChristineMupepele Stefan J.Marciniak Cassidy Nelson SeánÓhÉigeartaigh Clarissa Rios Rojas Katherine A.Sainsbury Rebecca K.Smith Lalitha S.Sundaram Ann Thornton John Watkins Thomas B.White Kate Willott Silv.u O.Petrov.n BioRISC(Biosecurity Research Initiativ. at St Catharine’s) St Catharine’s CollegeCambridge CB21RLUK Department of Zoology University of CambridgeThe David Attenborough BuildingPembroke StreetCambridge CB23QZUK Tour du v.lat Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands13200 ArlesFrance Centre for the Study of Existential Risk University of CambridgeCB21SBUK Department of Social Psychology University of AmsterdamNieuwe Achtergracht 129 B1018 WT AmsterdamNetherlands Department of Ecology and Ev.lutionary Biology 117 Eno HallPrinceton UniversityNJ 08544USA Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871PR China Centre for Integrativ. Conserv.tion Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbannaYunnan 666303PR China Te Kura Putaiao-School of Science Auckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand School of Psychological Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerth35 Stirling HwyCrawley WA 6009Australia Nature Conserv.tion and Landscape Ecology Biometry and Environmental System AnalysisUniversity of FreiburgGermany Cambridge Institute for Medical Research University of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusThe Keith Peters BuildingHills RoadCambridge CB20XYUK Future of Humanity Institute University of OxfordOxford OX11PTUK Faculty of Kinesiology Sportand RecreationUniversity of Alberta2-130V Van Vliet 21 Complex(University Hall)EdmontonAlberta T6G 2H9Canada Div.sion of Population Medicine School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144YSUK

Societal biosecurity–measures built into ev.ryday society to minimize risks from pests and diseases–is an important aspect of managing epidemics and *** aimed to identify societal options for reducing the transmission and spread of respiratory *** used SARS-Cov.2(sev.re acute respiratory syndrome coronav.rus 2)as a case study to meet the immediate need to manage the COv.D-19 pandemic and ev.ntually transition to more normal societal conditions,and to catalog options for managing similar pandemics in the *** used a‘solution scanning’*** read the literature;consulted psychology,public health,medical,and solution scanning experts;crowd-sourced options using social media;and collated comments on a ***,we present a list of 519 possible measures to reduce SARS-Cov.2 transmission and *** prov.de a long list of options for policymakers and businesses to consider when designing biosecurity plans to combat SARS-Cov.2 and similar pathogens in the *** also dev.loped an online application to help with this *** encourage testing of actions,documentation of outcomes,rev.sions to the current list,and the addition of further options.

关键词： Biosecurity Coronav.rus COv.D-19 Disease control New normal Public health

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IGBT串联用的有源电压控制技术

电力电子 2011年第5期9卷 9-14页

作者：和巍巍张学强 Patrick R.palmer 汪之涵英国剑桥大学工程系深圳青铜剑电力电子科技有限公司

IGBT有源电压控制技术(Activ. v.ltage Control,简称Av.),是在IGBT控制过程中引入多重闭环反馈,使IGBT开通和关断过程中集电极发射极电压v.(CE)的轨迹始终跟随预先设定的参考信号,实现高压应用时IGBT器件直接串联的同步工作和有效均压... 详细信息

IGBT有源电压控制技术(Activ. v.ltage Control,简称Av.),是在IGBT控制过程中引入多重闭环反馈,使IGBT开通和关断过程中集电极发射极电压v.(CE)的轨迹始终跟随预先设定的参考信号,实现高压应用时IGBT器件直接串联的同步工作和有效均压。本文介绍了有源电压控制技术的基本概念,串联IGBT的实验波形和相应的损耗计算。

关键词： IGBT 串联驱动均压有源电压控制 Activ. v.ltage Control