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A computational fluid dynamics model for wind simulation:model implementation and experimental validation

Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第4期13卷 274-283页

作者： Zhuo-dong ZHANG Ralf WIELAND Matthias REICHE Roger FUNK carsten HOFFMANN Yong LI Michael SOMMER Institute of Soil Landscape Research Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF)Muencheberg 15374Germany Institute of Landscape System Analysis Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF)Muencheberg 15374Germany Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China Institute of Earth and Environmental Science University of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany

To provide physically based wind modelling for wind erosion research at regional scale, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) wind model was developed. The model was programmed in C language based on the Navier-Stokes equations, and it is freely available as open source. Integrated with the spatial analysis and modelling tool (SAMT), the wind model has convenient input preparation and powerful output visualization. To validate the wind model, a series of experiments was con- ducted in a wind tunnel. A blocking inflow experiment was designed to test the performance of the model on simulation of basic fluid processes. A round obstacle experiment was designed to check if the model could simulate the influences of the obstacle on wind field. Results show that measured and simulated wind fields have high correlations, and the wind model can simulate both the basic processes of the wind and the influences of the obstacle on the wind field. These results show the high reliability of the wind model. A digital elevation model (DEM) of an area (3800 m long and 1700 m wide) in the Xilingele grassland in Inner Mongolia (autonomous region, China) was applied to the model, and a 3D wind field has been successfully generated. The clear imple- mentation of the model and the adequate validation by wind tunnel experiments laid a solid foundation for the prediction and assessment of wind erosion at regional scale.

关键词：风模型计算液体动力学(CFD ) 风侵蚀风隧道实验空间分析和建模工具(SAMT ) 开放源代码

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Assessing hydrological and provisioning ecosystem services in a case study in Western Central Brazil

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 248-262页

作者： Lars Koschke carsten Lorz Christine Fürst Tobias Lehmann Franz Makeschin Department of Soil Science and Site Ecology Dresden University of TechnologyPienner Str.1901737 TharandtGermany Faculty for Woods and Forestry Forest PedologyGeology and Site EcologyHochschuleWeihenstephan-TriesdorfUniversity of Applied SciencesFreisingGermany Center for Development Research Department of Ecology and Natural Resources ManagementUniversity of BonnWalter-Flex-Str.353113 BonnGermany

Introduction:Current land use in the Federal District,Western Central Brazil,causes problems related to the water supply which are linked to the regulation of ecosystem services(ES).In scope of an Integrated Water Resources Management concept,we further developed the web-based planning support tool GISCAME for the Pipiripau river basin case ***:We introduced analyses on ecosystem potentials in the raster-based tool to assess,in a spatially explicit manner,the scenario impact on water purification,sediment retention,water retention,and provision of food and fodder in order to identify potential pathways for conserving water *** demonstrate the method,we assess ES depending on a number of land use/land cover change(LULCC)***:We found that a considerable increase of water purification and sediment retention is difficult to achieve with realistic small scale LULCC,mainly because in areas with a low potential to provide hydrological ES and thus with a high demand for sustainable land use,such as native Savanna(Cerrado)and natural forests(Mata),favorable land uses were often already *** observed synergies in the response of regulating hydrological ES to LULCC but at the same time also trade-offs with provision of food and ***:Our findings suggest that further degradation and loss of Cerrado and Mata must be avoided and their restoration should be promoted in order to safeguard water *** suggest that restoration measures should be focused on arable land located at steep slopes near surface waters to effectively increase hydrological ES through the marginal reduction of provision services.

关键词： services retention provision

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Special Column on Multiscale Stochastic Finite Element Method

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015年第2期9卷 105-106页

作者： Xu, Xi F. Stefanou, George Proppe, carsten Wu, Yu Ching Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany Tongji University Shanghai China

In the past decade, multi-scale modelling in mathematical physics and engineering has been growing with vast advancement based on deterministic assumption. Because all information across scales contains a certain level of uncertainty due to incomplete knowledge and inherent chaos with respect to physical laws and parameters, a combination of multi-scale and stochastic techniques becomes a new approach. Incorporation of stochastic process into multi-scale modelling with accurate assessment of uncertainty propagation across scales is highly challenging but essential for a rising number of applications, and in certain areas such models can provide critical insights that deterministic approaches could never predict. In computational mechanics, research topics on discrete-to-continuum, stochastic-to-deterministic, and scale coupling are prioritized as the most significant directions. In the past half century, the finite element method has been a mature and widely-used numerical technique. When both multi-scale and stochastic phenomena are considered, cross-cutting multi-scale stochastic finite element modelling forms a novel research frontier. In this special issue,there are five original research papers relevant to multi-scale stochastic finite element methods or their applications.

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Parametric down-conversion photon-pair source on a nanophotonic chip

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 96-103页

作者： Xiang Guo Chang-ling Zou carsten Schuck Hojoong Jung Risheng Cheng Hong X Tang Department of Electrical Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA

Quantum-photonic chips,which integrate quantum light sources alongside active and passive optical elements,as well as singlephoton detectors,show great potential for photonic quantum information processing and quantum *** semiconductor nanofabrication processes allow for scaling such photonic integrated circuits to on-chip networks of increasing ***-order nonlinear materials are the method of choice for generating photonic quantum states in the overwhelming majority of linear optic experiments using bulk components,but integration with waveguide circuitry on a nanophotonic chip proved to be ***,we demonstrate such an on-chip parametric down-conversion source of photon pairs based on second-order nonlinearity in an aluminum-nitride microring *** show the potential of our source for quantum information processing by measuring the high visibility anti-bunching of heralded single photons with nearly ideal state *** down-conversion source yields measured coincidence rates of 80 Hz,which implies MHz generation rates of correlated photon *** noise performance is demonstrated by measuring high coincidence-to-accidental *** generated photon pairs are spectrally far separated from the pump field,providing great potential for realizing sufficient on-chip filtering and monolithic integration of quantum light sources,waveguide circuits and single-photon detectors.

关键词： nanofabrication quantum photonic chip second-order nonlinear material single-photon source

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Myocarditis—Personalized Medicine by Expanded Endomyocardial Biopsy Diagnostics

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2014年第6期4卷 325-340页

作者： Dirk Lassner Maria Rohde Christine Sabine Siegismund Uwe Kuhl Ulrich MichaelGross Felicitas Escher carsten Tschope heinz-Peter Schultheiss Institute of Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy BerlinGermany Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology Charite—University Medicine BerlinCampus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermany

Myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are acute or chronic disorders of myocardium. The gold standard for final confirmation of causative reasons of these heart muscle diseases is the endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) analysis. Due to focal pathology, diagnostics are failing if the EMB does not contain the area of interest. Personalized medicine comprises the genetic information together with the phenotypic and environmental factors to yield a tailored healthcare for each individual and removes the limitations of the “one-size-fits-all” therapy approach. This provides the opportunity to translate therapies from bench to bedside, to diagnose and predict disease, and to improve patient-tailored treatments based on the unique signatures of a patient’s disease. Furthermore, novel treatment schedules can be identified which have eventually the chance to enhance long-term survivals. Global biomarkers such as specific gene expression signatures or miRNA profiles not only have the potential to reduce this problem but also add valuable information for individualized therapy decisions. In future, multiplex approaches allowing rapid and absolutely reliable identification of inflammatory or virally-induced myocardial diseases will replace singleplex methods such as direct detection of viral genomes in one single biopsy. Gene or miRNA profiles are upcoming diagnostic biomarkers for cardiomyopathies which are not only detectable in tissue samples but in body fluids as well. Consequently, a systemic diagnostic approach by determination of distinct expression pattern in e.g., peripheral blood samples will support the characterization of distinct cardiomyopathies by means of non-invasive methods.

关键词： Cardiomyopathy Endomyocardial Biopsy Personalized Medicine Biomarker MicroRNAs

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铅冷能源系统中液态金属与铁基合金相容性的研究进展

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材料导报 2020年第5期34卷 96-101页

作者：陈灵芝周张健 carsten Schroer 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院北京100083 卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院应用材料及材料物理研究所德国卡尔斯鲁厄76344

核电是一种可以有效解决能源与环境问题的清洁能源,受到国际上的广泛重视。目前的商用堆以第二代及第三代热中子反应堆为主,存在铀资源利用率低、放射性废物不断积累和潜在的核安全等问题,故具有更高安全性和经济性的第四代核能系统的... 详细信息

核电是一种可以有效解决能源与环境问题的清洁能源,受到国际上的广泛重视。目前的商用堆以第二代及第三代热中子反应堆为主,存在铀资源利用率低、放射性废物不断积累和潜在的核安全等问题,故具有更高安全性和经济性的第四代核能系统的研究成为当前的热点。四代堆中采用液态铅或铅基合金作为主冷却剂的反应堆称为铅冷快堆,由于液态铅及其合金具有优异的热工性能及核物理性能,铅冷快堆被认为是最有希望率先得到应用的第四代反应堆之一,液态铅也是加速器驱动次临界系统重要的液态靶材料兼冷却剂。此外,液态铅也被认为是太阳能热电系统最有前景的能量交换介质之一。铅冷堆具有可在较高温度条件下运行、发电效率高等明显优势,但也由于堆内的服役温度和中子辐照强度较高,对关键结构材料的服役性能提出很高要求。尤其是大多数合金在液态铅中都会由于合金元素的选择性溶解带来明显的腐蚀问题,结构材料与液态铅的相容性问题是铅冷能源系统工程应用的重要瓶颈。堆内的腐蚀情况包括材料的溶解和氧化、固液两相的输运以及腐蚀产物和杂质之间的反应等,是一个复杂的过程。腐蚀行为的影响因素包括材料自身特点及外界因素,例如材料类型、微观结构、化学成分和表面状态以及冷却剂类型、温度、氧浓度、流速和腐蚀时间等都会对腐蚀产生重要的影响。本文针对制约铅冷能源系统用结构材料发展的基础核心问题,把握材料成分和显微组织特点与其在液态铅中的溶解和氧化问题之间的关系这一主线,就国内外关于液态铅对合金的溶解腐蚀基础问题,金属及非金属腐蚀抑制剂的发展,不锈钢、氧化物弥散强化(ODS)钢、含Al奥氏体耐热钢(AFA)及FeCrAl合金在液态铅基中的腐蚀行为等研究内容进行总结和分析,对影响腐蚀的因素进行归纳,列举材料的腐蚀过程和机制以及相应的腐蚀产物和结构,分析各元素在腐蚀过程中对氧化层的作用及扩散迁移模式,并对存在的问题进行总结和展望,为满足铅冷能源系统关键结构材料的发展提供依据和参考.

关键词：铅冷溶解和氧化氧化物弥散强化钢含Al奥氏体耐热钢 FeCrAl合金抗腐蚀性能

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Microstructure,wear and corrosion performance of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings formed on D16T Al alloy

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Rare Metals 2020年第12期39卷 1425-1439页

作者： Wan-Ying Liu Ying Liu carsten Blawert Mikhail-L.Zheludkevich Chun-Ling Fan Mohd Talha Yuan-Hua Lin College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China School of New Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum fur Material-und Küstenforschung GmbH.Institute of Materials Research Geesthacht 21502Germany Chongqing Xinyu Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Co. Ltd..Chongqing 402560China

The plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)coatings were produced on D16 T Al alloy in the aluminate and silicate electrolyte with and without *** phase composition,microstructure and elemental distribution of the coatings were tested by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX).The wear and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings were evaluated by dry sliding wear tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The morphology feature of the wear tracks was compared and analyzed by SEM and three-dimensional *** results demonstrate that the structure,wear and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings with graphene are better than that of PEO coatings without *** coating fabricated in the aluminate electrolyte with graphene exhibited the lowest *** coated samples formed in silicate electrolyte with graphene displayed the thickest,densest and the most compact *** exhibited the best wear and corrosion resistance due to the incorporation mode of graphene in the *** mechanism of graphene improving the wear and corrosion resistance of PEO coating was further *** summary,the comprehensive performances of PEO coatings formed in silicate electrolyte on D16 T Al alloy are superior to that produced in aluminate electrolyte.

关键词： PEO coatings D16T Al alloy Graphene Wear Corrosion

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Statistical Analysis of Excitonic Transitions in Single,Free-Standing GaN Nanowires:Probing Impurity Incorporation in the Poissonian Limit

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Nano Research 2010年第12期3卷 881-888页

作者： carsten Pfuller Oliver Brandt Timur Flissikowski Caroline Cheze Lutz Geelhaar Holger T.Grahn Henning Riechert Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik 5-7 HausvogteiplatzBerlin 10117Germany

Single,free-standing GaN nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy have been investigated with low temperature *** quantitative analysis of the luminescence spectra of around 100 nanowires revealed that each nanowire exhibits its own individual spectrum.A significant fraction of nanowires exclusively emits at energies corresponding to either surface-donor-bound or free excitons,demonstrating that optical properties of individual nanowires are determined by a few impurity atoms *** number of impurities per nanowire and their location within the nanowires varies according to Poissonian statistics.

关键词： Single nanowires impurities doping excitonic luminescence scaling

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Radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with symptomatic atrial flutter/tachycardia after orthotopic heart transplantation

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第24期119卷 2036-2041页

作者： LI Yi-gang Gerian Gronefeld carsten Israel LU Shang-biao WANG Qun-shan Stefan H Hohnloser Department of Cardiology Xinhua Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology J.-W.Goethe-University Frankfurt Germany

Background Atrial tachycardia or flutter is common in patients after orthotopic heart transplantation. Radiofrequency catheter ablation to treat this arrhythmia has not been well defined in this setting. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of various symptomatic atrial arrhythmias and the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation in these patients. Methods Electrophysiological study and catheter ablation were performed in patients with symptomatic tachyarrhythmia. One Halo catheter with 20 poles was positioned around the tricuspid annulus of the donor right atrium, or positioned around the surgical anastomosis when it is necessary. Three quadripolar electrode catheters were inserted via the right or left femoral vein and positioned in the recipient atrium, the bundle of His position, the coronary sinus. Programmed atrial stimulation and burst pacing were performed to prove electrical conduction between the recipient and the donor atria and to induce atrial arrhythmias. Results Out of 55 consecutive heart transplantation patients, 6 males [（58±12） years] developed symptomatic tachycardias at a mean of （5±4） years after heart transplantation. Electrical propagation through the suture line between the recipient and the donor atrium was demonstrated during atrial flutter or during recipient atrium and donor atrium pacing in 2 patients. By mapping around the suture line, the earliest fragmented electrogram of donor atrium was assessed. This electrical connection was successfully ablated in the anterior lateral atrium in both patients. There was no electrical propagation through the suture line in the other 4 patients. Two had typical atrial flutter in the donor atrium which was successfully ablated by completing a linear ablation between the tricuspid annulus and the inferior vena cava. Two patients had atrial tachycardia which was ablated in the anterior septal and lateral donor atrium. There were no procedure-related complications. Patients w

关键词： atrial flutter atrial tachycardia heart transplantation ablation

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Inverse photonic design of functional elements that focus Bloch surface waves

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 62-70页

作者： Yannick Augenstein Andreas Vetter Babak Vosoughi Lahijani Hans Peter Herzig carsten Rockstuhl Myun-Sik Kim Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany SUSS MicroOptics SA Rogues-Terres 61Hauterive 2068Switzerland Optics&Photonics Technology Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)NeuchâtelSwitzerland

Bloch surface waves(BSWs)are sustained at the interface of a suitably designed one-dimensional(1D)dielectric photonic crystal and an ambient *** elements that control the propagation of BSWs are defined by a spatially structured device layer on top of the 1D photonic crystal that locally changes the effective index of the *** example of such an element is a focusing device that squeezes an incident BSW into a tiny ***,the ability to focus BSWs is limited since the index contrast achievable with the device layer is usually only on the order ofΔn≈0.1 for practical *** elements,e.g.,discs or triangles,which rely on a photonic nanojet to focus BSWs,operate insufficiently at such a low index *** solve this problem,we utilize an inverse photonic design strategy to attain functional elements that focus BSWs efficiently into spatial domains slightly smaller than half the *** examples of such functional elements are *** ability to focus BSWs is experimentally verified by measuring the field distributions with a scanning near-field optical *** focusing elements are promising ingredients for a future generation of integrated photonic devices that rely on BSWs,e.g.,to carry information,or lab-on-chip devices for specific sensing applications.

关键词： elements functional Bloch

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