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Modelling the impacts of structural conservation measures on sediment and water yield in Thika-Chania catchment, Kenya

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第2期6卷 165-174页

作者： John Ng'ang'a Gathagu Joseph KSang caroline WMaina Water Engineering Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy SciencesTlemcenAlgeria Department of Soil Water and Environmental EngineeringJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyNairobiKenya Department of Agricultural Engineering Egerton UniversityKenya

Recently, there has been a growing need to implement soil and water conservation measures in order to control sediment and water yield from agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to use a modeling approach to evaluate the impacts of structural conservation measures on water and sediment yield from Thika Chania catchment in Central Kenya. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated for stream flow and sediment yield at a gauging station in the catchment. The calibrated model was run to create a base scenario for the simulation of structural conservation methods, i.e. terraces and grassed waterways. Model simulation results indicated that terraces and grassed waterways would significantly impact water and sediment yield at the catchment outlet. Terraces were found to provide the greatest reduction in sediment yield, by 81% from the baseline scenario, while grassed waterways reduced se-diment yield by 54%. Terraces indicated a reduction in surface runoff by 30% from the base annual average value of 202 mm. This was attributed to the increased infiltration that was indicated by increase in base flow by 8%. However, grassed waterways did not indicate any significant reduction in water yield. The results of this study show that structural conservation measures could reduce sediment yield from cultivated areas by more than 50% at the sub catchment level. Results also indicated that the effective-ness of structural conservation measures can be increased by implementing more than one method. Structural conservation measures studied in the current study were found to have a positive impact in controlling water and sediment yield in the catchment. However, further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the costs and benefits of implementing them at a small scale.

关键词： Terraces Grassed waterways SWAT Conservation measures Sediment yield

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Nuisance species:beyond the ecological perspective

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 236-247页

作者： Zina Skandrani Sebastien Lepetz Anne-caroline Prevot-Julliard Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation CESCO UMR 7204 CNRS-MNHN-UPMCMuseum National d’Histoire NaturelleCP 5155 rue BuffonF-75005 ParisFrance Laboratoire d’Archéozoologie et Archéobotanique UMR 7209 CNRS-MNHNMuseum National d’Histoire NaturelleCP 5155 rue BuffonF-75005 ParisFrance

Introduction:‘Nuisance species’(or‘invasive’species)are often proposed to be the second most important concern in the context of the current biodiversity *** increasing evidence that exotic species do not always become invasive,this perception is still common in the scientific *** suggests that other issues are at stake in the concept of nuisance species rather than just the problems they raise,grounded mostly in ecological or economic ***:We retraced the evolution of pigeon representation in France through an extensive review of ancient texts related to pigeons and reviewed more than 240 source texts,dating from the seventh century to the *** completed these data with literature on human-animal relationships and animal conceptions in religious,philosophical,scientific,and political currents of thought that were representative of Western and,specifically,French ***:We used the heated debate over pigeons(Columba livia)as pests as a case study by analyzing the ecological,social,economic,and political relations regarding *** a historical perspective of the debate about and understanding of pigeons,we propose a new and complementary explanation for the modern thinking of pigeons as a nuisance species,based on what we termed their socio-nature *** particular,we used social representations theory to highlight the issues of human identity construction at stake in the construction of pigeons as a nuisance ***:We invite the reader to consider the impact of such human self-definition on environmental stances,as it could constrain further developments or improvements of conservation perspectives.

关键词： Conservation Human-animal relations Identity construction ‘Nuisance species’ Social representations Socio-natures

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HLA and lung transplantation

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Frontiers of Medicine 2019年第3期13卷 298-313页

作者： Liya Ju caroline Suberbielle Xiaofan Li Nuala Mooney Dominique Charron HLA et Medecine "Jean Daus set" Laboratory NetworkHopital Saint-LouisParisFrance Laboratoire Histocompatibilité Hopital Saint-LouisParisFrance INSERM U1160 Hopital Saint-LouisUniversité Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris CitéFrance Labex Transplantex StrasbourgFrance Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025China

Lung transplantation is increasingly practiced for patients with end-stage lung *** successful outcome of solid organ transplantation today is severely impeded by the production of alloantibodies,mainly directed against the protein products of the HLA complex of the organ *** the association between antibody mediated rejection and ailograft damage has been well established in renal and heart transplantation,it has not yet been well characterized in lung *** review addresses the question of HLA matching in lung transplantation and current knowledge of the allogenicity of different HLA class Ⅰ and Ⅱ *** role of the antibody mediated immune response is discussed as well as the importance of pre-transplant or de novo posttransplant circulating ***,potential mechanisms,which may act individually or in combination,of antibody mediated damage to solid organ transplants are considered.

关键词： human leukocyte antigen class I and II lung transplantation mismatch obliterans bronchiolitis alloantibody antibody mediated rejection

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Like or dislike:Response of rodents to the odor of plant secondary metabolites

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第5期12卷 428-436页

作者： Sabine C.HANSEN caroline STOLTER Christian IMHOLT Jens JACOB Julius-Kühn Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests Vertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany University Hamburg Biocenter Grindel and Zoological MuseumHamburgGermany

Rodents,including common voles(Microtus arvalis)and house mice(Mus musculus)cause immense pre-harvest and post-harvest ***,developing methods that mitigate these losses while maintaining their role in ecosystems is a *** plant secondary metabolites(PSM)which significantly reduce food intake of both species under laboratory conditions have been ***,before these can be used in rodent pest management,they must be tested under more natural conditions where other food sources are *** this study,the odors of 4 PSMs were evaluated for their repellent effects in experiments conducted in semi-natural *** treated with PSMs or untreated soil(experimental control)was placed in an underground box containing food(rolled oats).We quantified the number of visits to each box and could demonstrate that all 4 PSMs reduced the number of visits to treatment boxes in both rodent *** common voles the combination of methyl nonyl ketone+black pepper oil was the most repellent *** mice made fewer visits to all PSM boxes;boxes with the anthraquinone were visited ***,house mice consumed less food from boxes containing soil treated with all 4 *** results suggest that PSMs are repellent in murid and microtine rodents under semi-field *** addition,the future use of PSM odors for repelling both pest species,especially house mice,seems *** investigations with other PSMs,different concentrations as well as alternative application methods are needed to repel common voles from attractive crops.

关键词： enclosure trials odor plant secondary metabolites repellents rodents

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Effect of natural organic matter on thallium and silver speciation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第7期32卷 185-192页

作者： Loïc A.Martin caroline Simonucci Sétareh Rad Marc F.Benedetti Universitéde Paris Institut de physique du globe de ParisCNRSF-75005 ParisFrance IRSN PSE-ENV/SIRSE/LER-NordBP 1792262 Fontenay-aux-Roses CedexFrance Catchment and Eco-Hydrology Research Group Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyL-4422 BelvauxLuxembourg BRGM Unitéde Géomicrobiologie et Monitoring Environnemental45060 Orléans Cedex 2France

Natural organic matter(NOM)is known to play an important role in the transport and binding of trace metal elements in aquatic and soil *** is a pollutant for which the extent of the role played by NOM is poorly ***,this study investigates thallium(Ⅰ)and its complexation to a purified humic substance as proxy for *** were performed with the Donnan Membrane Technique to separate,for the first time,the free Tl^+ion from its complexed form in the bulk *** pH and concentrations were investigated at constant ionic strength and constant NOM proxy concentrations in *** results were described with NICA-Donnan *** complexation was compared to silver complexation using literature data and using the same NICA-Donnan *** for these two cations(Tl^+and Ag^+)are reported in this article,for the first *** display low thallium complexation to the NOM proxy while silver competes with divalent cations for the NOM binding *** speciation for dissolved thallium highlights the dominance of free thallium(Tl^+)in solution whereas Tl-NOM complexes contribute roughly 15%to total Tl(Ⅰ)species in river and lake type *** results are obtained for soil solutions,Tl-bound to NOM<30%of total,from UK soils with different land use and geochemistry.

关键词： Thallium Organic matter Speciation NICA-Donnan model Soil Water

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Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic and Evolutive Profile of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Cameroonian Population

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology（眼科学期刊） 2024年第2期 93页

作者： Christelle Domngang Fabiola Makamwe Tagne Leonard Tedong Chantal Ngoune Nanfack caroline Mvilongo Giles Kagmeni

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Individual and local scale interactions and adaptations to wind energy development:A case study of Oklahoma,USA

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Geography and Sustainability 2021年第3期2卷 175-181页

作者： caroline E.Pavlowsky Travis Gliedt University of Oklahoma Department of Geography and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of Oklahoma100 E.Boyd Street#510DNormanOK73019

Wind energy development receives broad support but is often opposed at the local level due to nuisance concerns and uncertainties about how it affects the landowners living due to the turbines and the broader ***-cal opposition to wind energy development can be a powerful force slowing or even ending its implementation in a given ***,USA is currently ranked as 4^(th)in the United States in current wind energy production and has seen significant pushback from some local communities as a renewable energy *** studies have examined wind energy development’s impact on rural education income,and property values of different communities in ***,funding information on how wind energy development affects the individu-als living alongside the turbines are *** fifteen interviews with landowners,site-managers,community representatives,and pro-wind non-profit organization representatives,this study finds that individuals who live in proximity to wind energy development,particularly those involved in the agricultural industry,have created novel and unique uses for wind farm *** also finds that local perceptions of wind energy production are mostly positive and provides increased knowledge of how wind energy development affects the individuals and communities that are hosting the turbines and related infrastructure.

关键词： Wind energy Social acceptance Local impacts of wind energy development Renewable energy impacts

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How well does XAD resin extraction recover halogenated disinfection byproducts for comprehensive identification and toxicity testing?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 264-275页

作者： Xiaobin Liao Joshua M.Allen caroline O.Granger Susan D.Richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth Carolina 29208USA Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering College of Civil EngineeringHuaqiao UniversityFujian 361021China Currently at LanzaTech 535 Commerce DriveSopertonGeorgia 30457USA

Halogenated disinfection byproducts(DBPs) are an unintended consequence of drinking water disinfection, and can have significant toxicity. XAD resins are commonly used to extract and enrich trace levels of DBPs for comprehensive, nontarget identification of DBPs and also for in vitro toxicity studies. However, XAD resin recoveries for complete classes of halogenated DBPs have not been evaluated, particularly for low, environmentally relevant levels(ng/L to low μg/L). Thus, it is not known whether levels of DBPs or the toxicity of drinking water might be underestimated. In this study, DAX-8/XAD-2 layered resins were evaluated, considering both adsorption and elution from the resins, for extracting 66 DBPs from water. Results demonstrate that among the 7 classes of DBPs investigated, trihalomethanes(THMs), including iodo-THMs, were the most efficiently adsorbed, with recovery of most THMs ranging from 50%-96%, followed by halonitromethanes(40%-90%). The adsorption ability of XAD resins for haloacetonitriles, haloacetamides, and haloacetaldehydes was highly dependent on the individual species. The adsorption capacity of XAD resins for haloacetic acids was lower(5%-48%), even after adjusting to p H 1 before extraction. Recovery efficiency for most DBPs was comparable with their adsorption, as most were eluted effectively from XAD resins by ethyl acetate. DBP polarity and molecular weight were the two most important factors that determine their recovery. Recovery of trichloromethane, iodoacetic acid, chloro-and iodo-acetonitrile, and chloroacetamide were among the lowest, which could lead to underestimation of toxicity, particularly for iodoacetic acid and iodo-acetonitrile, which are highly toxic.

关键词： XAD resins Disinfection byproducts DBPs Recovery Toxicity

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话题和焦点在分裂句中的韵律编码方式及其对感知的影响

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声学学报 2010年第6期35卷 694-700页

作者：王蓓 caroline Fery 中央民族大学少数民族语言研究所北京100081 Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany

前置是突显信息一种语法方式,如:"书,我买了三本。"这种分裂句对应两种语用功能:前置名词是话题或是焦点。对7个人在这两种语境下朗读的280个分裂句进行声学分析,结果表明:(1)两种条件下,前置名词后都有明显停顿。前置名词本身的音高和... 详细信息

前置是突显信息一种语法方式,如:"书,我买了三本。"这种分裂句对应两种语用功能:前置名词是话题或是焦点。对7个人在这两种语境下朗读的280个分裂句进行声学分析,结果表明:(1)两种条件下,前置名词后都有明显停顿。前置名词本身的音高和时长没有差别;(2)两种信息结构对基干部分有不同的韵律调节作用。前置名词为焦点时压低了基干部分的音高,而前置名词为话题时基干部分的音高为渐降。由此可见,话题的语调调节范围是自身,而焦点是全句;(3)前置名词和基干部分间的停顿在焦点条件下长于话题条件。22人对分裂句问答匹配度的判断结果表明,两种信息结构的不同韵律编码方式是有感知意义的。

关键词：编码方式焦点分裂韵律感知信息结构声学分析调节作用

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The dimensions of difference

The dimensions of difference

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作者： Godart caroline

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