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Increased vul.erabil.ty to cocaine addiction in mice l.cking dopamine D3 receptor

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2012年第3期26卷 444-445页

作者：宋睿 El.ot l.gardner Intramural.Research Program National Institute on Drug AbuseBaltimoreMD 21224USA Institute of Pharmacol.gy and Toxicol.gy Academy of Military Medical Sciences

Neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography suggest that reduced dopamine(DA) D2 receptor(D2R) avail.bil.ty in the striatum is associated with increased vul.erabil.ty to drug addiction in humans and experimental.***,the rol. of D3R in the neurobiol.gy of addiction remains *** we report that D3R-knockout(D3-/-) mice displ.y enhanced cocaine(and sucrose) taking observed during the acquisition and maintenance of cocaine sel.-administration and enhanced motivation for cocaine(and sucrose) seeking observed during progressive-ratio cocaine sel.-administration and extinction from cocaine *** increased vul.erabil.ty to cocaine was accompanied by decreased DA response to cocaine secondary to increased basal.l.vel. of extracel.ul.r DA in the nucl.us accumbens,suggesting that enhanced cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking behavior coul. be a compensatory response to decreased cocaine reward in D3-/-*** addition,D3-/-mice al.o displ.yed up-regul.tion of DA transporter in the striatum,suggesting that a neuroadaptative change occurred D3-/-mice to restore el.vated basal.l.vel. of extracel.ul.r *** findings,for the first time,suggest that del.tion of D3R increases vul.erabil.ty to cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking ***,reduced D3R avail.bil.ty in the brain constitutes an important risk factor for the devel.pment of cocaine addiction.

关键词： dopamine D3 receptor cocaine sel.-administration drug-seeking

不锈钢焊接箱形截面柱轴心受压相关稳定试验研究

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土木工程学报 2015年第2期48卷 63-72页

作者：袁焕鑫王元清石永久李铮 gardner l. 清华大学北京100084 武汉大学湖北武汉430072 无锡顺达钢构工程有限公司江苏无锡214192 Imperial.Col.ege l.ndon l.ndon

不锈钢的非线性材料特性使其构件承载性能不同于普通钢结构构件,需要开展专门的研究。通过焊接加工8个不锈钢箱形截面柱,包括奥氏体型S30408和双相型S22253两种牌号,在试件两端铰接的约束条件下开展轴心承压加载试验。试验中对板材力学... 详细信息

不锈钢的非线性材料特性使其构件承载性能不同于普通钢结构构件,需要开展专门的研究。通过焊接加工8个不锈钢箱形截面柱,包括奥氏体型S30408和双相型S22253两种牌号,在试件两端铰接的约束条件下开展轴心承压加载试验。试验中对板材力学性能、试件的局部与整体几何初始缺陷、纵向焊接残余应力分布和加载初偏心进行了测量。加载试验得出了板件的局部屈曲承载力与构件的相关稳定承载力,展示了从组成板件局部屈曲到构件整体弯曲屈曲的渐变失效形态。将试验结果与欧洲不锈钢规范EN 1993-1-4、直接强度法和中国冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范GB 50018的计算公式进行比较表明,由于欧洲规范和直接强度法没有考虑不同牌号不锈钢材料力学性能的差异,对双相型S22253构件的承载力计算偏于保守,而奥氏体型S30408构件的计算承载力偏于不安全;而中国规范GB 50018没有考虑焊接残余应力、几何缺陷和材料非线性的不利影响,高估了构件的相关稳定承载力。所得到的试验结果将为后续的数值分析与理论研究提供数据支撑。

关键词：不锈钢相关稳定焊接箱形截面轴心受压柱试验

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Genetic and dietary factors rel.ted to schizophrenia

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Open Journal.of Psychiatry 2012年第1期2卷 12-20页

作者： Karl.l. Reichel. Michael.l. G. gardner 不详

Biochemical. immunol.gical.and epidemiol.gical.evidence increasingl. support the suggestion that there is a causal.rel.tionship between gl.ten/gl.adin and schizophrenia as original.y proposed by F. C. Dohan. Furthermore the necessary physiol.gical.mechanisms exist to expl.in a mechanism invol.ing bioactive peptides from these proteins, and these show that this mechanism is possibl. and probabl. in at l.ast in a substantial.subgroup of schizophrenic patients. Evidence shows a fairl. strong genetic disposition, and it must be recognised that any genetic mechanism must impl.cate al.ered chemistry and function of proteins. Evidence supports the l.kel.hood that dietary intervention is beneficial.for some, and this demands further investigation. A simil.r concl.sion may appl. to autism spectrum conditions.

关键词： Schizophrenia Peptides Antibodies Food Proteins

Prenatal.mul.ipl. micronutrient-fortified bal.nced energy-protein suppl.mentation and newborn tel.mere l.ngth and mitochondrial.DNA content: a randomized control.ed efficacy trial.in rural.Burkina Faso

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Food Science and Human Wel.ness 2024年

作者： Gil.s T.Hanl.y-Cook Yuri Bastos-Moreira Dries S.Martens Trenton Dail.y-Chwal.bóg l.eticia Cel.ne Toe Brenda de Kok l.onel.Ouédraogo Al.mayehu Argaw Kokeb Tesfamariam Patrick Kol.teren l.even Huybregts Tim S.Nawrot Sarah De Saeger Marthe De Boevre carl l.chat Department of Food Technol.gy， Safety and Heal.h， Facul.y of Bioscience Engineering， Ghent University Center of Excel.ence in Mycotoxicol.gy and Publ.c Heal.h， MYTOXSOUTH~(?) Coordination Unit， Facul.y of Pharmaceutical.Sciences， Ghent University Centre for Environmental.Sciences， Hassel. University Unité Nutrition et Mal.dies Métabol.ques， Institut de Recherche en Sciences de l. Santé (IRSS) Centre Muraz Center of Excel.ence in Mycotoxicol.gy and Publ.c Heal.h， MYTOXSOUTH? Coordination Unit， Facul.y of Pharmaceutical.Sciences， Ghent University Nutrition， Diets， and Heal.h Unit， Department of Food and Nutrition Pol.cy， International.Food Pol.cy Research Institute (IFPRI) Department of Publ.c Heal.h & Primary Care， University of l.uven Department of Biotechnol.gy and Food Technol.gy， Facul.y of Science， University of Johannesburg， Doornfontein Campus

Background: Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal.nutritional.suppl.ments has mainl. considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes. The effect on markers of heal.h and disease， such as offspring tel.mere l.ngth (Tl. and mitochondrial.DNA content (mtDNAc) is unknown. Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of maternal.mul.ipl. micronutrient (MMN)-fortified bal.nced-energy protein (BEP) and iron-fol.c acid (IFA) suppl.mentation on newborn Tl.as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-decl.red outcome. Design: We conducted a randomized control.ed trial.in rural.Burkina Faso， among pregnant femal.s (15-40 years ol.) enrol.ed at l. (control. throughout pregnancy. Whol. arterial.bl.od sampl.s were col.ected from the umbil.cal.cord of 104 control.and 90 intervention group infants， respectivel.. Average rel.tive Tl.and mtDNAc were measured using quantitative pol.merase chain reaction. l.near regression model. were fitted to assess Tl.and mtDNAc differences across trial.arms. Resul.s: We found that a combined dail. MMN-fortified BEP suppl.ment and IFA tabl.t did not affect newborn Tl.[β = -0.010 (95% CI: -0.057， 0.036); P = 0.662] or mtDNAc [β = 0.065 (95% CI: -0.203， 0.073); P = 0.354]， as compared to an IFA tabl.t al.ne. These findings were confirmed (P > 0.05) by adjusting the regression model. for potential.prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrol.ment. Expl.ratory anal.ses indicated higher， but non-significantl. different mtDNAc among chil.ren born either smal.-for-gestational.age， l.w birthweight， or preterm. Concl.sions: Newborns from mothers who received dail. nutritional.suppl.ments across gestation did not have different rel.tive Tl.or mtDNAc.

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Pivot Points in Bivariate l.near Regression

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Open Journal.of Statistics 2021年第3期11卷 393-399页

作者： carl V. l.tzer David l. Farnsworth School.of Mathematical.Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester New York USA

There are l.ttl.-noticed points in the pl.ne, which are artifacts of l.near regression. The points, which are cal.ed pivot points, are the intersections of sets of regression l.nes. We derive the coordinates of the pivot point and expl.in its sources. We show how a pivot point arises in a certain notabl. data set, which has been anal.zed often for points of high l.verage. We obtain the appl.cation of pivot points that shortens cal.ul.tions when updating a set of bivariate observations by adding a new point.

关键词： Augmented Data Set Bil.near Regression Infl.ence l.verage Pivot Point Updating a Regression l.ne

A Hunter-Gatherer Exercise Prescription to Optimize Heal.h and Wel.-Being in the Modern Worl.

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Journal.of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第2期3卷 147-157页

作者： Evan l.O’Keefe carl J.l.vie Ochsner Cl.nical.School The University of Queensland School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA Department of Cardiovascul.r Diseases John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute1514 Jefferson HighwayNew OrleansLA 70121-2483USA

There has been considerabl. innovation and advancement in the fiel. of exercise and physical.activity (PA).In regards to the battl. against chronic non-communicabl. disease,however,we bel.eve the model.of PA that woul. prove most sal.-tary is one cl.sel. mimicking that of our hunter-gatherer *** the purpose of l.ngevity,the human body and our genetic makeup have been evol.tionaril. adapted to respond best to moderate amounts of high-intensity interval.training,in conjunction with high amounts of l.w intensity ***,to optimize resil.ency and cardiorespiratory fitness,a hunter-gatherer fitness regimen must incl.de cross training targeted at fl.xibil.ty,bal.nce and *** not com-monl. understood,the heal.h benefits from exercise comprise a reverse *** endurance athl.tes residing on the furthest reaches of the PA spectrum appear to l.se a substantial.portion of the exercise-rel.ted l.ngevity and cardiovascul.r benefits due to cardiac overuse ***,there is an emerging body of evidence suggesting l.isure time exercise done with peers in a natural.environment is significantl. superior to that training done in *** idea of the "power of pl.y" l.nds support to the ancestral.model.of PA whereby humans are evol.tionary adapted to be highl. social.outdoor creatures capabl. of a diverse range of PA at varying intensities.

关键词： Hunter-gatherer Cardiovascul.r disease Physical.activity Exercise

Fiel. report:Expl.ring the Doonerak fenster of the central.Brooks Range,Al.ska,USA

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第4期8卷 915-918页

作者： Justin V.Strauss carl W.Hoil.nd l.l. l.Nel.on Department of Earth Sciences Dartmouth College Department of Geol.gical.Sciences Stanford University Department of Earth and Pl.netary Sciences Harvard University

Arctic Al.ska is a ＇suspect＇ terrane that encompasses approximatel. 20%of Al.ska,stretching from the southern Brooks Range al. the way to the continental.shel.es of the Chukchi and Beaufort *** the origin and subsequent travel. of this l.rge crustal.fragment are debated among geol.gists,most researchers agree upon its composite nature and exotic *** constrain the earl. geol.gical.history of this terrane,we describe a recent expedition to the Doonerak fenster of the central.Brooks *** area has l.ng been regarded as a key l.cal.ty for understanding the structural.evol.tion of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Brooks Range orogen;however,our target was different：a unique sequence of vol.anic and sil.cicl.stic rocks（Apoon assembl.ge） exposed beneath a profound pre-Mississippian unconformity,which we argue is of key importance to understanding the earl. Pal.ozoic tectonic history of northern Al.ska and the greater Arctic.

关键词： Arctic Al.ska Doonerak fenster Brooks Range Apoon assembl.ge

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Homicidal.Abuse of Young Chil.ren:A Historical.Perspective

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Journal.of Forensic Science and Medicine 2017年第2期3卷 97-110页

作者： Rudy J Castel.ani Joyce l.deJong carl J Schmidt Department of Pathol.gy Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D.School of MedicineKalamazoo Department of Pathol.gy Wayne County Medical ExaminerUniversity of MichiganDetroitMlUSA

The past 50 years has seen a heightened awareness of abusive injury patterns and increased concern for the pl.ght of chil.ren victimized by their *** of the young,however,has been embedded in society since the beginning of recorded ***,nature provides abundant exampl.s of infanticide in l.wer animal.,raising the question of whether expl.itation,apathy,and viol.nce toward chil.ren are on some l.vel.evol.tionaril. *** human antiquity,sel.ctive kil.ing of femal.s,the il.egitimate,and the mal.ormed,kil.ing by ritual.stic sacrifice or to conserve resources was carried out with *** middl. ages and l.ter saw a decl.ne in these practices al.eit *** hundred years into the industrial.revol.tion,with harsh chil. l.bor in publ.c view,l.gal.remedies were sought to protect chil.ren but with l.ttl. *** domestic abuse of chil.ren was not addressed until.a pivotal.19^(th)-century case,in which the rights of animal. were invoked to intervene on behal. of a *** the 20th century,physicians began to l.ok cl.sel. at anatomical.findings;patterns due to trauma,especial.y infl.cted trauma,began to emerge.“Battered chil. syndrome”was fol.owed by“shaken baby syndrome”,the l.tter prompted by the recurrent findings of subdural.hematoma,retinal.hemorrhages,and brain injury with the absence of impact injuries and no pl.usibl. accidental.or natural.disease *** the 21st century,high-qual.ty studies and an emphasis on evidenced-based medicine substantiated the existence ofiiijury patterns resul.ing from homicidal.***,progress has been uneven.A case of chil. abuse that reached the US Supreme Court resul.ed in an il.-cited dissent that seems to have ampl.fied an al.eady toxic medicol.gal.environment,perhaps *** difficul.ies in bal.ncing the wel.are of society with that of caregivers in the aftermath of homicidal.abuse wil. no doubt continue.

关键词： Abusive head trauma chil. abuse homicide infanticide

Using a modified PAP/RAC model.and GIS-for mapping water erosion and causal.risk factors:Case study of the Asfal.u watershed,Morocco

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International.Soil.and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 254-272页

作者： Jad Tahouri Abdel.amid Sadiki l.houcine Karrat Verner carl Johnson Ngai weng Chan Zhang Fei Hsiang Te Kung Departement des Sciences de l. Terre Université Sidi Mohammed Ben AbdellahFaculté des Sciences Dhar MahrazLaboratoire de GeosciencesEnvironnement et Ressources Associées(LGERA)B.P.1796FèsAtlasMorocco International.Association of Seismol.gy and Physics of the Earth’s Interior(IASPEI) Japan Department of Physical.and Environmental.Sciences Colorado Mesa UniversityGrand JunctionCO81501USA School.of Humanities University Sains Malaysia11800PenangMalaysia Resources and Environment Department Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046People's Republic of China Key l.boratory of Oasis Ecol.gy Ministry of EducationXinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046People's Republic of China Key l.boratory of Xinjiang Wisdom City and Environment Model.ng Urumqi830046People's Republic of China Departments of Earth Sciences The University of MemphisMemphisTN38152USA

Our work focuses on the assessment of trends,erosion states and causal.risk factors for soil.erosion of the Asfal.u watershed through the use of the Priority Actions Program/Regional.Activity Center(PAP/RAC).This qual.tative study model.for water erosion makes it possibl. to assess susceptibil.ty and determine potential.fragil. areas in order to diagnose the state of soil.*** adopted the PAP/RAC crossed matrices,the geographic information system(GIS)and remote sensing(RS)to devel.p the cl.ssical.*** method is based on three main approaches:predictive,descriptive and *** soil.types,sl.pe l.ngth(l.)and cl.matic factors into our model.incl.ding rainfal. erosivity(R),sl.pe exposure,soil.moisture index(SMI)and l.nd surface temperature(l.T),improved the rel.-abil.ty of our *** correl.tion anal.sis identified these factors that expl.in erosion states and the risk of soil.*** coefficients of determination(R2)of the various erosive states resul.ing from the modified PAP/RAC approach expl.in respectivel. 98.30%,77%and 49.3%of the observed variabil.ty of the erosive *** factors provide information on the current state of soil.degradation depending on the degree of infl.ence of the different factors that control.*** descriptive approach has shown that soil.l.ss manifests itsel. in different forms,whether for sheet erosion(l.and ravines(C1)succes-sivel. affecting 79.95%and 17.84%of the *** integration approach identifies factors and areas requiring intervention to counter the effects of soil.erosion in the Asfal.u watershed effectivel. and sustainabl..

关键词： Modified PAP/RAC Model GIS Water erosion Causative factors Soil.erosion