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Florivory by the occupants of phytotelmata in flower parts can decrease host plant fecundity

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current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 69-79页

作者： caio c.c.MISSAGIA Maria Alice S.ALVES Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroPavilhao Haroldo Lisboa da CunhaSala 224Rua Sao Francisco Xavier524MaracanaRio de Janeiro 20550-013Brazil department of Ecology Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroPavilhao Haroldo Lisboa da CunhaSala 220Rua Sao Francisco Xavier524MaracanaRio de Janeiro 20550-013Brazil

Some types of plant accumulate liquid in their inflorescences creating *** environments protect the flowers against florivory,although they may be colonized by aquatic or semiaquatic florivorous insect larvae,whose effects on the fitness of the plants remain *** tested the hypothesis of floral antagonism by the occupants of phytotelmata,which predicts that florivory by the occupants of the phytotelmata represents a cost to the female fitness of the plant,reducing its *** manipulated experimentally the infestation by 3 florivores larvae species occupants of phytotelmata in inflorescences of Heliconia spathocircinata(Heliconiaceae)to test for negative direct trophic effects on the fecundity of the flowering and fruiting *** found that the foraging of the hoverfly(Syrphidae)and moth(Lepidoptera)larvae in the inflorescences contributed to a decline in the fecundity of the *** the lepidopteran impacted fecundity when foraging in both flowering and fruiting bracts,the syrphid only affected the fruiting bracts,which indicates that the nectar and floral tissue are the principal resource exploited by the *** contrast,soldier fly(Stratiomyidae)had a neutral effect on fecundity,while foraging in flowering or fruiting *** findings corroborate our hypothesis,that herbivory by the larval occupants represents cost to the host plant having *** negative influence of this foraging on plant fecundity will nevertheless depend on the consequences of the exploitation of resources,which vary considerably in ephemeral habitats such as the phytotalmanta of flower parts.

关键词： Atlantic forest Brazil florivory frugivory Heliconia water-held plants

Molecular basis and management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第22期16卷 2726-2734页

作者： Ulas d Bayraktar Soley Bayraktar caio M Rocha-Lima division of Hematology and Oncology Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami

Molecularly targeted agents have dramatically impacted the management of several cancers. Targeting KIT has led to a new treatment paradigm in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). KIT is a cell surface receptor with tyrosine kinases that, upon binding of its ligand, stem cell factor, activates various signaling pathways. Imatinib and sunitinib, both tyrosine kinase inhibitors directed to KIT, were approved for firstand secondline treatment of metastatic and unresectable GISTs. In this article, we will review the molecular pathogenesis of GISTs followed by a discussion of imatinib and sunitinib’s role in the treatment of GISTs. Finally, we will introduce novel therapeutic options for imatiniband sunitinib-resistant GISTs.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumor KIT Imatinib Sunitinib Nilotinib

Effects of the availability of floral resources and neighboring plants on nectar robbery in a specialized pollination system

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current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 541-548页

作者： Júlia Mendonça Almeida caio césar corrêa Missagia Maria Alice Santos Alves Graduação Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UNIRIO)CEPAvenida Pasteur458Rio de Janeiro 22290-240Brazil departamento de Ecologia Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e EvoluçãoInstituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes(IBRAG)Laboratório de Ecologia de Aves e ComportamentoUniversidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro(UERJ)Rua São Francisco Xavier524 Rio de JaneiroRJCEPRio de Janeiro 20550-011Brazil departamento de Ecologia IBRAGLaboratório de Ecologia de Aves UERJ.Rua São Francisco Xavier524 Rio de JaneiroRJCEPRio de Janeiro 20550-011Brazil

Many plants pollinated by nectar-foraging animals have to maintain a balance between legitimate visitor attraction strategies and mechanisms that minimize illegitimate *** study investigated how floral display and neighboring species composition influences nectar robbing by hummingbirds in the tropical ornithophilous herb Heliconia *** tested the role of inflorescence display,flower abundance,and neighboring species in the reduction of nectar robbing in *** results indicate that nectar robbing hummingbird activity was higher in moderately large inflorescence displays and that the frequency of nectar robbing in *** decreases with increased flower abundance and the presence of neighboring plant *** non-ornithophilous plants decreased the frequency of nectar robbing in *** flowers to a greater extent than ornithophilous *** results suggest that nectar robbing hummingbirds are attracted to similar conditions that attract legitimate visitors and that spatial aggregation and mixed-species displays may represent a mechanism to dilute nectar robbing effects at an individual level.

关键词： Brazilian Atlantic forest density floral antagonists Heliconiaceae

Melting behavior and globular microstructure formation in semi-solid cocrcuxFeNi high-entropy alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第17期52卷 207-217页

作者： Kaio Niitsu campo caio chaussêde Freitas Leonardo Fanton Rubens caram University of campinas School of Mechanical EngineeringSPBrazil

High-entropy alloys can be compelling raw materials for semi-solid *** the present study,the influence of the cu content on the melting behavior and semi-solid microstructure of cocrcuxFeNi(x=0,1,2,3)alloys was ***-melted samples were cross-rolled at room temperature and then isothermally treated at 1175℃in the semi-solid state for 300 *** characterization showed that the alloys containing cu were formed by two fcc ***,the increase in cu content also led to an increase in the volumetric fraction of the cu-rich *** solidification,this phase,which is the last to form,nucleates and epitaxially grows on the cu-lean *** the studied cocrcuFeNi alloys exhibited the same melting *** cu-rich phase melts at approximately 1120℃,whereas the culean phase melts at approximately 1350℃,providing a suitable processing temperature range of more than 200℃.The semi-solid microstructures were considerably refined and globular regardless of the alloy composition,being suitable for semi-solid ***,each fcc phase exhibited roughly the same composition under the different processing *** cu content in the cu-lean phase was approximately 10 at.%,while co,cr,Fe,and Ni were in an approximately equiatomic ***,the cu content was between 80 at.%and 86 at.%in the cu-rich *** isothermal treatment of the cocrcu3FeNi alloy at a higher temperature(1300℃)only caused the globules to *** conclusion,this work showed that these alloys can be potential candidates for semi-solid processing.

关键词： Semi-solid processing Thixoforming High-entropy alloys Microstructure

Research methods in complementary and alternative medicine： an integrative review

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第1期16卷 6-13页

作者： Fabiana de Almeida Andrade caio Fabio Schlechta Portella Anhembi Morumbi University Sao Paulo 01423-001 Brazil department of Naturology Anhembi Morumbi University Sao Paulo 06730-000 Brazil

The scientific literature presents a modest amount ot evidence m the use or complementary ana al[erna- tire medicine （cAM）. On the other hand, in practice, relevant results are common. The debates among cAM practitioners about the quality and execution of scientific research are important, Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather, synthesize and describe the differentiated methodological models that encompass the complexity of therapeutic interventions. The process of bringing evidence-based medicine into clinical practice in cAM is essential for the growth and strengthening of complementary medicines worldwide.

关键词： Research methodology complementary medicine Alternative medicine complementary therapies comparative effectiveness research Outcome assessment Nonlinear dynamics Evaluation studies

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity： questions still to be answered despite increasing awareness

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第5期10卷 383-392页

作者： Umberto Volta Giacomo caio Francesco Tovoli Roberto de Giorgio department of Medical and Surgical Sciences St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital University of Bologna Bologna Italy

Recently, the increasing number of patients worldwide who are sensitive to dietary gluten without evidence of celiac disease or wheat allergy has contributed to the identification of a new gluten-related syndrome defined as non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Our knowledge regarding this syndrome is still lacking, and many aspects of this syndrome remain unknown. Its pathogenesis is heterogeneous, with a recognized pivotal role for innate immunity; many other factors also contribute, inctuding tow-grade intestinal inflammation, increased intestinal barrier function and changes in the intestinal microbiota. Gluten and other wheat proteins, such as amylase trypsin inhibitors, are the primary triggers of this syndrome, but it has also been hypothesized that a diet rich in fermentable monosaccharides and polyols may elicit its functional gastrointestinal symptoms. The epidemiology of this condition is far from established; its prevalence in the general population is highly variable, ranging from 0.63% to 6%. From a clinical point of view, non-celiac gluten sensitivity is characterized by a wide array of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms that occur shortly after the ingestion of gluten and improve or disappear when gluten is withdrawn from the diet. These symptoms recur when gluten is reintroduced. Because diagnostic biomarkers have not yet been identified, a double-blind placebo-controlled gluten challenge is currently the diagnostic method with the highest accuracy. Future research is needed to generate more knowledge regarding non-celiac gluten sensitivity, a condition that has global acceptance but has only a few certainties and many unresolved issues.

关键词： celiac disease epithelial barrier function gut inflammation non-celiac gluten sensitivity wheat allergy

Timing of breeding as a determinant of nest success of the vulnerable chestnut Seedeater(Sporophila cinnamomea)in grasslands of southern South America

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Avian Research 2023年第1期14卷 126-135页

作者： Jonas Rafael Rodrigues Rosoni carla Suertegaray Fontana caio Josécarlos Programa de Pós-Graduacão em Biologia Animal Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUFRGSAvenida Bento Gonçalves950091501-970Porto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil Laboratório de Ornitologia Museu de Ciências e TecnologiaPrograma de Pós-Graduacão em Ecologia e Evolucão da BiodiversidadePontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do SulPUCRSAvenida Ipiranga668190619-900Porto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil departamen to de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUFRGSAvenida Bento Gonçalves950091501-970Porto AlegreRio Grandedo SulBrazil

The breeding traits of Sporophila seedeaters have been relatively well studied in recent years;nevertheless,a group of ten species in the genus,known as southern capuchinos,remain *** is the case with chestnut Seedeater(Sporophila cinnamomea),a species vulnerable to extinction,which breeds in the grasslands of southeast South America and,after reproduction,migrates towards the cerrado region in central ***,we investigated breeding ecology and calculated average clutch size,productivity,the sex ratio of nestlings,and estimated nest *** we tested(1)whether there is a relationship between the number of active nests and environmental variables,(2)whether the nestling sex ratio deviates from the 1:1 ratio,(3)whether clutch size varies between breeding seasons,and(4)whether the nest success is related to starting date,nest age,plant support,nest height from the ground,and clutch *** two breeding seasons(October-March 2018-2020),we monitored 98 *** generated survival models with five interacting covariates to assess the survival of the *** recorded the entire breeding period for chestnut Seedeater,which was estimated to be 4.6 months,similar to other migratory *** size did not differ between breeding *** sex ratio of nestlings was not significantly different from the 1:1 *** success was 31%,and predation was the leading cause of unsuccessful nests(83%).The daily survival rate was 0.95±*** main predictor of nest survival was the covariate starting *** findings,added to other aspects of the species’natural history described here,may help illuminate the ecology and behavior of chestnut Seedeater and other southern endangered capuchinos,and grassland-dependent species of South America.

关键词： Brood parasitism clutch size Neotropical grassl ands Nest age Nest predation Nest survival

Recent developments in palliative chemotherapy for locally advanced and metastatic pancreas cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第6期16卷 673-682页

作者： Soley Bayraktar Ulas darda Bayraktar caio Max Rocha-Lima division of Hematology/Oncology Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Miami

In spite of advances made in the management of the other more common cancers of the gastrointestinal tract,significant progress in the treatment of pancreatic cancer remains *** as many deaths occur from pancreatic cancer as are diagnosed each year reflecting the poor prognosis typically associated with this *** recently,the only treatment with an impact on survival was *** the palliative setting,gemcitabine(Gem) has been a standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer since it was shown a decade ago to result in a superior clinical benefit response and survival compared with bolus *** then,clinical trials have explored the pharmacokinetic modulation of Gem by fixed dose administration and the combination of Gem with other cytotoxic or the biologically"targeted"***,promising trial results in small phaseⅡtrials have not translated into survival improvements in larger phaseⅢrandomized trials in the advanced disease *** trials have recently reported modest survival improvements with the use of combination treatment with Gem and capecitabine(United Kingdom National cancer Research GEMcAP trial) or erlotinib(National cancer Institute of canadaclinical Trials Group PA.3 trial) .This review will focus on the use of systemic therapy for advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer,summarizing the results of several recent clinical trials and discuss their implications for clinical *** will also discuss briefly the second-line chemotherapy options for advanced pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Adjuvant therapy chemotherapy Palliative therapy Pancreas cancer Radiotherapy

Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第1期10卷 110-114页

作者： carlos T. da Ros caio da Silva Schmitt Urology department Mae de Deus Hospital Porto Alegre RS 90450180 Brazil

Sexually transmitted diseases （STds） are among the first ten causes of unpleasant diseases in young adult males in developing countries and the second major cause of unpleasant diseases in young adult women. Adolescents and young adults （15-24 years old） make up only 25% of the sexually active population, but represent almost 50% of all new acquired STds. In general, STds are epidemics and present an enormous health and economic consequences. An adequate screening for STds should be done on a routine basis in every part of the world. Many STds are asymptomatic and therefore can difficult to control. The purpose of reporting of STds is to ensure that persons who are infected will be quickly diagnosed and appropriately treated to control the spread of infection and also so that partners are notified, tested and appropriately treated. It is estimated that reported cases of STds represent only 50%-80% of reportable STd infections in the United States, reflecting limited screening and low disease reporting. High-risk sexual behavior is a highly contributive factor of this process as it often leads to teenage pregnancies and HIV/AIdS. One possible explanation for this behavior is that people do not have enough information about the transmission of STds or ignore the precautions required for safe sex. Approximately 60% of new HIV infections worldwide occur in young people. The frequency of high-risk behaviors among youths may also be influenced by opportunity to engage in them, particularly the amount of time that they are unsupervised by adults. However, in diagnosing and treating these patients, we can effectively prevent the spread of HIV/AIdS. Individuals infected with STds are 5-10 times more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire or transmit HIV through sexual contact. The breaking of the genital tract lining or skin creates a portal of entry for HIV and, hence, HIV-infected individuals with other STds are more likely to shed HIV in their genital secretions. T

关键词： sexually transmitted diseases safe sex condom young people