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Body size induced changes in metabolic carbon of soil nematodes under N deposition and precipitation regime change in a temperate grassland

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 120-131页

作者： Shuyan cui Xiaomei mo Guo Zheng college of Life Science Shenyang Normal University

Background Global climate change has resulted in precipitation regimes exhibiting an increasing trend in rainfall intensity but a reduction in its frequency. Nitrogen(N) deposition is a crucial component of the global N cycling. Nematode body size is a trait that responds to climate change and is used as a standard trait-based indicator in soil community analysis. Variations in body size influence metabolic carbon(c). We examined the ways by which body size and metabolic c of nematodes respond to changing precipitation regimes and how N deposition regulates these responses by an 8-year manipulative *** Nematode body size was indicated by the community-weighted mean(cWM) mass. We quantified c metabolism components of soil nematodes including production c, respiration c, and corresponding c use efficiency(cUE) under different precipitation intensities and N addition in a semi-arid steppe on the mongolian Plateau. The Mantel test was used to determine the correlations between cWM, cUE and environmental factors. The partial least squares path modeling(PLS-PM) was conducted to quantify direct or indirect contributions among latent *** We found that heavy precipitation intensity increased the cWM mass of total nematodes and omnivorespredators without N addition. N addition decreased cWM mass of bacterivores across all the precipitation intensity treatments. Stronger precipitation intensities might be favorable for nematode production and respiration c. Variations in the nematode cWM mass drove the cUE to change with N *** Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying nematode body size and c metabolism, and highlight that explorative studies, such as manipulative experiments, are needed to identify traits underlying size-related effects and to investigate how they affect cUE of nematodes. These efforts may increase our understanding of how changes in precipitation regimes and N deposition may alter soil nema

关键词： community-weighted mean Metabolic footprint Nitrogen addition Precipitation intensity

Neuromodulation of the peripheral nervous system:Bioelectronic technology and prospective developments

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BMEMat(BioMedical Engineering Materials) 2024年第1期2卷 88-114页

作者： Hayoung Song moohyun Kim Enji Kim Jakyoung Lee Inhea Jeong Kyeonghee Lim Seoung Young Ryu Myoungjae Oh Younhee Kim Jang-ung park Department of Materials Science and Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science(IBS)SeoulSouth Korea Department of Neurosurgery Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering(NanoBME) Advanced Science InstituteYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea

The peripheral nervous system(PNS)is a fascinatingly complex and crucial component of the human body,responsible for transmitting vital signals throughout the body's intricate network of *** efficient functioning is paramount to our health,with any dysfunction often resulting in serious medical conditions,including motor disorders,neurological diseases,and psychiatric *** strides in science and technology have made neuromodulation of the PNS a promising avenue for addressing these health *** involves modifying nerve activity using a range of techniques,such as electrical,chemical,optical,and mechanical *** plays a critical role in this effort,allowing for precise,controlled,and sustained stimulation of the *** paper provides an overview of the PNS,discusses the current state of neuromodulation devices,and presents emerging trends in the field,including advances in wireless power transfer and materials,that are shaping the future of neuromodulation.

关键词： bioelectronics neuromodulation peripheral nervous system

From atomistic modeling to materials design:computation-driven material development in lithium-ion batteries

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Science china chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 276-290页

作者： Xiangrong Li Xiang chen Qiang Bai Yifei mo Yizhou Zhu Research center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering Westlake UniversityHangzhou 310030China Department of chemical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China college of Materials Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MarylandCollege Park 20742United States

As an advanced energy storage system,lithium-ion batteries play an essential role in modern *** their ubiquitous success,there is a great demand for continuous improvements of the battery performance,including higher energy density,lower safety risk,longer cycling life,and lower *** performance improvement requires the design and development of novel electrode and electrolyte materials that exhibit desirable properties and satisfy strict *** modeling can provide a unique perspective to fundamentally understand and rationally design battery *** this paper,we review a few recent successful examples of computation-driven discovery and design in electrode and electrolyte ***,we highlight how atomistic modeling can reveal the underlying mechanisms,predict the important properties,and guide the design and engineering of electrode and electrolyte *** have a conclusion with a discussion of the unique capability of atomistic modeling in battery material development and provide a perspective on future challenges and directions for computation-driven battery material developments.

关键词： materials design computation modeling batteries electrolyte electrode

Interfacial reinforcement of core-shell HMX@energetic polymer composites featuring enhanced thermal and safety performance

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 387-399页

作者： Binghui Duan Hongchang mo Bojun Tan Xianming Lu Bozhou Wang Ning Liu Xi'an modern chemistry Research Institute Xi'an710065People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen chemicals Xi'an710065People's Republic of China

The weak interface interaction and solid-solid phase transition have long been a conundrum for 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane(HMX)-based polymer-bonded explosives(PBX).A two-step strategy that involves the pretreatment of HMX to endow—OH groups on the surface via polyalcohol bonding agent modification and in situ coating with nitrate ester-containing polymer,was proposed to address the *** types of energetic polyether—glycidyl azide polymer(GAP)and nitrate modified GAP(GNP)were grafted onto HMX crystal based on isocyanate addition reaction bridged through neutral polymeric bonding agent(NPBA)*** morphology and structure of the HMX-based composites were characterized in detail and the core-shell structure was *** grafted polymers obviously enhanced the adhesion force between HMX crystals and fluoropolymer(F2314)*** to the interfacial reinforcement among the components,the two HMX-based composites exhibited a remarkable increment of phase transition peak temperature by 10.2°c and 19.6°c with no more than 1.5%shell content,***,the impact and friction sensitivity of the composites decreased significantly as a result of the barrier produced by the grafted *** findings will enhance the future prospects for the interface design of energetic composites aiming to solve the weak interface and safety concerns.

关键词： HMX crystals Polyalcohol bonding agent Energetic polymer core-shell structure Interfacial reinforcement

cu_(2)Se@c thin film with three-dimensional braided structure as a cathode material for enhanced cu^(2+) storage

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chinese chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 523-528页

作者： Wenhao chen Muxuan Wu Han chen Lue mo Yirong Zhu college of Materials and Advanced Manufacturing Hunan University of TechnologyZhuzhou 412007China Hunan Key of Laboratory of Applied Environmental Photocatalysis Changsha UniversityChangsha 410022China

In the face of multiple challenges brought by the changes of global climate and environment,developing clean energy and updating green energy storage equipment are important ways to achieve carbon peak and carbon *** batteries have become a research hotspot due to their advantages of using the multivalent charge carrier,high ionic conductivity,environmental friendliness and cost *** this work,the cu_(2)Se@c(cu_(2)Se coated on carbon clothes)thin film with a three-dimensional braided structure is fabricated by a simple electrochemical deposition method for cu^(2+)storage for the first *** with the commercial cu_(2)Se powder,the well-designed cu_(2)Se@c film shows enhanced specific capacity(640 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g)and rate performance(542 mAh/g at 5 A/g)as well as superior cycling stability(82.7%capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A/g).The cu^(2+)storage mechanism of the cu_(2)Se@c electrode is based on a reversible phase transition process of cu_(2)Se←→cu_(2-x)Se←→cuSe←→cuSe_(2).In kinetic characteristic analysis,the cu_(2)Se@c electrode demonstrates faster cu^(2+)diffusion in discharge process than charge process resulting from the phase transition and the variation of interplanar *** work highlights a facile one-piece design strategy and opens a new gateway for the exploration of advanced aqueous energy storage systems.

关键词： cu_(2)Se@c cu^(2+)storage conversion mechanism Kinetic characteristic Flexible energy storage

Large reversible magnetocaloric effect in antiferromagnetic Er_(3)Si_(2)c_(2) compound

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第8期42卷 1555-1559,I0005页

作者： Hao Sun Lu Tian Xinqiang Gao Zhaojun mo Jun Shen Baogen Shen School of Rare Earths University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou341000China Department of Energy and Power Engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

The magnetic properties,magnetic phase transition and magnetocaloric effects(McE) of Er_(3)Si_(2)c_(2) compound were investigated based on theoretical calculations and experimental *** on the first principles calculations,the antiferromagnetic(AFM) ground state type in Er_(3)Si_(2)c_(2) compound was predicted and its electronic structure was *** experimental results show that Ei_(3)Si_(2)c_(2) compound is an AFM compound with the Neel temperature(T_(N) of 7 K and undergoes a field-induced firstorder magnetic phase transition from AFM to ferromagnetic(FM) under magnetic fields exceeding 0.6 T at 2 *** magnetic transition process of Er_(3)Si_(2)c_(2) compound was investigated and *** values of the maximum magnetic entropy change(-ΔS_(M)^(max)) and the refrigeration capacity(Rc) are 17 J/(kg·K)and 193 J/kg under changing magnetic fields of 0-5 T,*** a potential cryogenic magnetic refrigerant,the Er_(3)Si_(2)c_(2) compound also provides an interesting research medium to study the magnetic phase transition process.

关键词： Magnetic materials Magnetocaloric Metamagnetic transitions Magnetic phase transition Rare earths

Large low-field reversible magnetocaloric effect in K_(3)Gd(PO_(4))_(2) at sub-Kelvin temperature

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1087-1092,I0003页

作者： Haojie Wang Zhaojun mo Jianjian Gong Heng Tu Guochun Zhang Jun Shen School of Rare Earths University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou341119China center for crystal Research and Development Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser TechnologyKey Laboratory of CryogenicsTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Department of Energy and PowerEngineering School of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China

We synthesized a potassium gadolinium phosphate K3Gd(PO_(4))_(2)with monoclinic structure(P2_(1/m))by the high-temperature solid-state reaction *** lattice constants obtained by Rietveld refinements of XRD curve are a=0.7411 nm,b=0.5624 nm,and c=0.9433 *** and magnetocaloric properties of K_(3)Gd(PO_(4))_(2)were investigated in *** magnetic phase transition temperature of K3Gd(PO_(4))2 was determined by ultra-low temperature testing to be 0.58 K.K_(3)Gd(PO_(4))2 exhibits large magnetic entropy changes(-ΔSM).The maximum-ΔSM are 20.2 and 29.4 J/(kg·K)in the magnetic field variation(ΔH)of 1 and 2 T,respectively,which are larger than that of the commercial Gd_(3)Ga_(5)O_(12)(GGG).The maximum adiabatic temperature change(ΔT_(ad))reaches 5.91 K under a magnetic field change(ΔH)of 1 T.K_(3)Gd(PO_(4))_(2)is a potential magnetic refrigeration material for obtaining sub-Kelvin temperatures.

关键词： Ultra-low temperature Magnetocaloric effect Magnetic entropy change Magnetic refrigeration Rare earths

Iso-propagation vortices:a breakthrough in optical communication technology

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第3期6卷 13-15页

作者： cherry park Junsuk Rho Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTEcH) Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohangRepublic of Korea Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTEcH) Department of Chemical EngineeringPohangRepublic of Korea Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTEcH) Department of Electrical EngineeringPohangRepublic of Korea POScO-POSTEcH-RIST convergence Research center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics PohangRepublic of Korea

The rapid advance of optical communication technology requires improvements in data transmission capacity and *** methods of increasing the transmission capacity such as polarization,wavelength,and spatial mode division multiplexing have shown significant promise,while spatial mode division multiplexing(SDM)offers a new approach through the use of orthogonal spatial modes as distinct communication channels.

关键词： communication optical polarization

Electrochemically Deposited cZTSSe Thin Films for monolithic Perovskite Tandem Solar cells with Efficiencies Over 17%

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 147-152页

作者： Sun Kyung Hwang Ik Jae park Se Won Seo Jae Hyun park So Jeong park Jin Young Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Applied Physics Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Systems Sookmyung Women's UniversitySeoul 04310Korea Research Institute of Advanced Materials(RIAM) Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

In spite of the high potential economic feasibility of the tandem solar cells consisting of the halide perovskite and the kesterite cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(cZTSSe),they have rarely been demonstrated due to the difficulty in implementing solution-processed perovskite top cell on the rough surface of the bottom ***,we firstly demonstrate an efficient monolithic two-terminal perovskite/cZTSSe tandem solar cell by significantly reducing the surface roughness of the electrochemically deposited cZTSSe bottom *** surface roughness(R_(rms))of the cZTSSe thin film could be reduced from 424 to 86 nm by using the potentiostatic mode rather than using the conventional galvanostatic mode,which can be further reduced to 22 nm after the subsequent ion-milling *** perovskite top cell with a bandgap of 1.65 eV could be prepared using a solution process on the flattened cZTSSe bottom cell,resulting in the efficient perovskite/cZTSSe tandem solar *** the current matching between two subcells involving the thickness control of the perovskite layer,the best performing tandem device exhibited a high conversion efficiency of 17.5%without the hysteresis effect.

关键词： cZTSSe monolithic tandem solar cells perovskite solution process surface roughness control