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Flash X-ray radiography technique to study the high velocity impact of soft projectile on E-glass/epoxy composite material

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第2期15卷 216-226页

作者： B.Venkata Ramudu c.Jayarami Reddy V.Madhu armour Design and Development Division Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory

In the present paper, the high velocity impact of 9 mm soft lead projectile on 10 mm and 30 mm thick Eglass/epoxy composites was studied using a 450 kV Flash X-ray radiography(FXR) system. The basic parameters of FXR imaging, such as effect of ratio of target to film(TF) and source to target(ST) distances and X-ray penetration thickness of the composite material were optimized based on clarity and the actual dimensions of the objects. The optimized parameters were used in the FXR imaging of the ballistic event of 9 mm soft projectile on E-glass/epoxy composite. The real time deformation patterns of both the projectile and composite target during the ballistic impact were captured and studied at different time intervals. The notable failure modes of the 10 mm thick target with time include fibre breakage, bulging on the back side, delamination, recovery of the bulging, reverse bulging and its recovery. However, with increase in thickness of the target to 30 mm the only failure mechanism observed is the breaking of fibres. The ballistic impact event was also numerically simulated using commercially available lS-DYNA software. The numerically simulated deformation patterns of the projectile and target at different time intervals are closely matching with the corresponding radiographic images.

关键词： Flash X-ray radiography E-Glass/epoxy composite Ballistic impact Numerical simulation

Self-assembling nacre-like high-strength and extremely tough polymer composites with new toughening mechanism

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第5期136卷 236-244页

作者： Yu Bu Xu Wang Xiuming Bu Zhengyi Mao Zhou chen Zebiao li Fengqian Hao Johnny c.Ho Jian lu cityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute Shenzhen 518045China centre for Advanced Structural Materials City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteGreater Bay Joint DivisionShenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science8 Yuexing 1st RoadShenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial ParkNanshan DistrictShenzhen 518000China MOE Key laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China

Achieving high strength,deformability and toughness in polymers is important for practical industrial *** has remained challenging because of the mutually opposing effects of improvements to each of these ***,a self-assembling nacre-like polymer composite is designed to achieve ex-tremely tough with increasing *** special design significantly improved polymer’s mechanical properties,including an ultra-high fracture strain of 1180%,a tensile strength of 55.4 MPa and a toughness of 506.9 MJ/m^(3),which far exceed the highest values previously reported for polymer *** ex-cellent combination of properties can be attributed to a novel toughening mechanism,achieved by the synergy of the domain-limiting effect of metallic glass fragments with the strain-gradient-induced orien-tation and crystallisation within the polymer during *** approach opens a promising avenue for designing robust polymer materials in armour and aerospace engineering for a range of innovative applications.

关键词： Polymer composites Metallic glass thin film Toughness Toughening mechanism Nacre-like fracture

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艾莫伊登高炉操作要点的发展

世界钢铁 2014年第4期14卷 1-8页

作者： T Bakker G J Tijhuis l c G M Bol 陈敏塔塔欧洲钢铁公司

近年来,钢铁企业面临着不断变化的钢材和原料市场,金融和钢铁危机给企业带来了巨大挑战。为适应周边环境的变化,各钢铁公司炼铁厂开展了操作要点上的优化调整,这其中也包括塔塔欧洲钢铁公司的艾莫伊登高炉。综述了艾莫伊登高炉近十年的... 详细信息

近年来,钢铁企业面临着不断变化的钢材和原料市场,金融和钢铁危机给企业带来了巨大挑战。为适应周边环境的变化,各钢铁公司炼铁厂开展了操作要点上的优化调整,这其中也包括塔塔欧洲钢铁公司的艾莫伊登高炉。综述了艾莫伊登高炉近十年的发展概况,介绍了6号高炉的高利用系数和低焦比操作,讨论了7号高炉由可调炉喉的钟式炉顶向无钟式装料系统的过渡以及其他炉料分布的相关发展。此外,对高炉炉料组成和炉渣成分的相关变化进行了综述。

关键词：高炉操作装料低焦比操作

Dynamic impact protective body armour:A comprehensive appraisal on panel engineering design and its prospective materials

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第6期17卷 2027-2049页

作者： Mulat Alubel Abtew François Boussu Pascal Bruniaux Universite of lille ENSAITGEMTEX Lab2 Allee Louise et Victor Champier59056RoubaixFrance Bahir Dar University Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion TechnologyBahir DarEthiopia

Personal body armour is one of the most important pieces of equipment to protect human beings from various critical and fatal *** today’s modern world,various organizations including law enforcement and security service have made it mandatory for their personnel to wear personal protection system while on field ***,the systems should comprise an improved ballistic performance,light-weighted,flexible as well as comfortable panel not only to be accepted with a wider range but also for effective performances of the ***,the overall performances of the protective body armour could be affected by various parameters including armour design techniques,type of materials used and finishing of the *** current paper aims to critically review state-of-art for armour panel design techniques and the different perspective body armour *** paper starts by discussing the different body armour and its ***,the different states of technology for armour panel design(mostly for women),its problems and the possible solutions will be ***,the commonly used different polymeric fibrous and the future possible advanced materials including carbon nanotube(cNT),Graphene cNT and shear thickening fluids(STFs)treated materials for developing the reinforced body armour panel will be *** authors believe that this paper will enlighten useful guidelines and procedures about the different panel design techniques and current and promising future materials for researchers,designers,engineers and manufacturers working on the impact resistance body armour field.

关键词： Body armour panel design Ballistic impact behaviours Nanocomposites Shear thickening fluids(STFs) Military

Human IgG1 antibodies suppress angiogenesis in a target-independent manner

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2016年第1期1卷 158-171页

作者： Sasha Bogdanovich Younghee Kim Takeshi Mizutani Reo Yasuma laura Tudisco Valeria cicatiello Ana Bastos-carvalho Nagaraj Kerur Yoshio Hirano Judit Z Baffi Valeria Tarallo Shengjian li Tetsuhiro Yasuma Parthasarathy Arpitha Benjamin J Fowler charles B Wright Ivana Apicella Adelaide Greco Arturo Brunetti Menotti Ruvo Annamaria Sandomenico Miho Nozaki Ryo Ijima Hiroki Kaneko Yuichiro Ogura Hiroko Terasaki Balamurali K Ambati Jeanette HW leusen Wallace Y langdon Michael R clark Kathryn l armour Pierre Bruhns J Sjef Verbeek Bradley D Gelfand Sandro De Falco Jayakrishna Ambati Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan Department of Ophthalmology Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan Angiogenesis lab Institute of Genetics and Biophysics—CNRNaplesItaly Bio-Ker MultiMedica GroupNaplesItaly Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences University of Naples‘Federico II’NaplesItaly cEINGE—Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l.NaplesItaly Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini CNRNaplesItaly Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Moran Eye CenterUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUTUSA Department of Ophthalmology Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare SystemSalt Lake CityUTUSA Immunotherapy laboratory Laboratory for Translational ImmunologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands School of Pathology and laboratory Medicine University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia Division of Immunology Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Immunology Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and PathologyInstitut PasteurParisFrance Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale(INSERM)U1222 ParisFrance Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Biomedical Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA Department of Microbiology Immunologyand Molecular GeneticsUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA IRccS MultiMedica MilanoItaly Department of Physiology University of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA.

Aberrant angiogenesis is implicated in diseases affecting nearly 10%of the world’s *** most widely used antiangiogenic drug is bevacizumab,a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets human *** bevacizumab does not recognize mouse Vegfa,it inhibits angiogenesis in *** we show bevacizumab suppressed angiogenesis in three mouse models not via Vegfa blockade but rather Fc-mediated signaling through FcγRI(cD64)and c-cbl,impairing macrophage *** approved humanized or human IgG1 antibodies without mouse targets(adalimumab,alemtuzumab,ofatumumab,omalizumab,palivizumab and tocilizumab),mouse IgG2a,and overexpression of human IgG1-Fc or mouse IgG2a-Fc,also inhibited angiogenesis in wild-type and FcγR humanized *** anti-angiogenic effect was abolished by Fcgr1 ablation or knockdown,Fc cleavage,IgG-Fc inhibition,disruption of Fc-FcγR interaction,or elimination of FcRγ-initated ***,bevacizumab’s Fc region potentiated its anti-angiogenic activity in humanized VEGFA ***,mice deficient in FcγRI exhibited increased developmental and pathological *** findings reveal an unexpected anti-angiogenic function for FcγRI and a potentially concerning off-target effect of hIgG1 therapies.

关键词： cD64 angiogenesis antibodies

Spinal Motion Segments-Ⅰ:concept for a Subject-specific Analogue Model

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第4期17卷 747-756页

作者： constantinos Franceskides Emily Arnold Ian Horsfall Gianluca Tozzi Michael cGibson Peter Zioupos Musculoskeletal and Medicolegal Research Group Cranfield Forensic InstituteCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK Impact and armour Group Centre for Defence EngineeringCranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK School of Engineering University of PortsmouthPortsmouthPO13DJUK centre for Simulation&Analytics Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the UKShrivenhamSN68LAUK

Most commercial spine analogues are not intended for biomechanical testing,and those developed for this purpose are expensive and yet still fail to replicate the mechanical performance of biological ***-specific analogues that address these limitations and avoid the ethical restrictions surrounding the use of human cadavers are therefore *** present a method for the production and characterisation of biofidelic,patient-specific,Spine Motion Segment(SMS=2 vertebrae and the disk in between)analogues that allow for the biological variability encountered when dealing with real *** spine segments(l1-lA)were scanned by computed tomography,and 3D models were printed in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS).Four biological specimens and four ABS motion segments were tested,three of which were further segmented into two Vertebral Bodies(VBs)with their intervertebral disc(IVD).All segments were loaded axially at 0.6 mm·min-1(strain-rate range 6×10-4 s-1-10×10-4 s-1).The artificial VBs behaved like biological segments within the elastic region,but the best two-part artificial IVD were^15%less stiffthan the biological ***-speed images recorded during compressive loading allowed full-field strains to be *** compression of the spine motion segments,IVDs experienced higher strains than VBs as *** method allows the rapid,inexpensive and reliable production of patient-specific 3D-printed analogues,which morphologically resemble the real ones,and whose mechanical behaviour is comparable to real biological spine motion segments and this is their biggest asset.

关键词： spine bone analogue micro-cT 3D printing Digital Image correlation(DIc)

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狮子·女巫·魔衣橱第五章重返人间（上）

时代英语（高一版） 2020年第2期 4-7页

作者： c.S.刘易斯万洁不详

如果这间屋里真的有一扇门通向某一个别的世界,那个世界一定有它自己的一套时间规则,所以不管你在那儿逗留了多久,也不会占去我们这个世界的任何一点时间。因为彼得和苏珊还在藏猫猫,所以爱德蒙和露茜花了好长时间才找到他俩。当大家聚... 详细信息

如果这间屋里真的有一扇门通向某一个别的世界,那个世界一定有它自己的一套时间规则,所以不管你在那儿逗留了多久,也不会占去我们这个世界的任何一点时间。因为彼得和苏珊还在藏猫猫,所以爱德蒙和露茜花了好长时间才找到他俩。当大家聚集到放盔甲的那间屋子里以后,露茜大声说:"彼得!苏珊!我说的是真的,爱德蒙也看见了,那里有一个国家,可以通过衣橱进去。爱德蒙和我进去过了,我们在那边的树林里见到了彼此。爱德蒙,快把你看到的告诉他们。"

关键词：彼得盔甲女巫

Modelling ballistic impact on military helmets:The relevance of projectile plasticity

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第5期17卷 1699-1711页

作者： A.caçoilo R.Mourao F.Teixeira-Dias A.Azevedo F.coghe R.A.F.Valente School of Engineering The University of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FGUK Dept.Weapon Systems and Ballistics Royal Military AcademyBrusselsBelgium centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of AveiroPortugal

The need to develop armour systems to protect against attacks from various sources is increasingly a matter of personal,social and national *** develop innovative armour systems it is necessary to monitor developments being made on the type,technology and performance of the threats(weapons,projectiles,explosives,etc.) Specifically,the use of high protection level helmets on the battlefield is *** development of evaluation methods that can predict injuries and trauma is therefore of major ***,the risk of injuries or trauma that can arise from induced accelerations is an additional *** develop new materials and layouts for helmets it is necessary to study the effects caused by ballistic impacts in the human head on various *** use of numerical simulation is a fundamental tool in this *** work here presented focuses on the use of numerical simulation(finite elements analysis) to predict the consequences of bullet impacts on military helmets on human *** main objectives are to assess the level and probability of head trauma using the Head Injury criterion,caused by the impact of a 9 mm NATO projectile on a PASGT helmet and to quantify the relevance of projectile plasticity on the whole modelling *** accelerations derived from the impact phenomenon and the deformations caused on the helmet are evaluated using fully three-dimensional models of the helmet,head,neck and *** studies are done at impact angles ranging from 0 to 75°.Results are presented and discussed in terms of HIc and probability of acceleration induced trauma *** comparison analyses are done using a rigid and a deformable projectile and it is observed that plastic deformation of the projectile is a significant energy dissipation mechanism in the whole impact process.

关键词： Ballistic impact Helmet impact Plasticity Finite element analysis Injury Trauma HIc

老年美籍非洲人和白人中的社会资源和认知功能减退情况

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 43-43页

作者： Barnes l.l. Mendes De leon c.F. Wilson R.S. 李宏建 Rush Alzheimer's Disease center Rush University Medical Center Armour Academic Facility 600 S. Paulina Chicago IL 60612 United States Dr.

Objective: To examine the relation of social resources and cognitive decline in older adults. Methods: Data are from the chicago Health and Aging Project, an epidemiologic study of risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) and other common conditions in a geographically defined population of older persons. The sample consisted of 6,102 non-Hispanic African Americans (61.2% ) and whites, aged ≥ 65, who underwent up to three interviews during an average of 5.3 years of fo llow-up. Each interview included administration of four cognitive function tes ts from which a composite measure of cognition was formed. Social networks were based on the number of children, relatives, and friends seen at least once a mon th. Social engagement was measured with four items related to social and product ive activity. Results: Higher number of social networks and level of social enga gement were positively correlated with initial level of cognitive function (netw orks estimate = 0.003, engagement estimate = 0.060, both p ces were also associated with a reduced rate of cognitive decline. A high (90th percentile) number of networks reduced the rate of decline by 39% compared to a low level (10th percentile), and high social engagement reduced decline by 91 % . These relations remained after controlling for socioeconomic status, cognit ive activity, physical activity, depressive symptoms, and chronic medical condit ions. conclusions: Greater social resources, as defined by social networks and s ocial engagement, are associated with reduced cognitive decline in old age.

关键词：认知功能社交活动社会资源阿尔茨海默病社会网络体力活动内科病社会经济地位流行病学研究下降率