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Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari Jennifer c.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric critical care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

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corrosion behavior of hypoeutectic Al-cu alloys in H_2SO_4 and Nacl solutions

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2009年第4期22卷 241-246页

作者： Wislei R.Osório Leandro c.Peixoto Leonardo R.garcia Amauri garcia Department of Materials Engineering University of Campinas-UNICAMP

The aim of this work was to evaluate the electrochemical behaviour of hypoeutectic Al-cu alloys immersed in two different solutions containing sulphate and chloride ions, respectively. The influence of Al2cu associated to the dendritic arm spacing on the general corrosion resistance of such alloys is analysed. The typical microstructural pattern was examined by using scanning electron microscope. The corrosion tests were performed in both 0.5 M sulphuric acid and 0.5 M Nacl solutions at 25℃ by using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） technique and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Equivalent circuits by using the ZView software, were also used to provide quantitative support for the discussions. It was found that as the cu content increased （i.e., increasing the Al2cu fraction）, a higher susceptibility to the corrosion action in the Nacl solution is detected. In contrast, the tests carried out in the H2SO4 solution resulted in similar corrosion,rates for the three different hypoeutectic alloys.

关键词： Al-cu alloys Al2cu corrosion Microstructure castings

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chemical-Structural changes of Organic Matter in a Semi-Arid Soil After Organic Amendment

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Pedosphere 2012年第3期22卷 283-293页

作者： c.NIcOLS G.MAScIANDARO T.HERNNDEZ c.garcia centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (cEBAS-cSIc) Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Wastes ManagementCampus Universitario de EspinardoP.O.160Murcia 3010 (Spain) consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (cNR) Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi (ISE)-Sezione di Chimica del SuoloArea della RicercaVia Moruzzi 1Pisa 56124 (Italy)

A 9-month incubation experiment using composted and non-composted amendments derived from vine pruning waste and sewage sludge was carried out to study the effects of the nature and stability of organic amendments on the structural composition of organic matter (OM) in a semi-arid *** changes of soil OM,both in the whole soil and in the extractable carbon with pyrophosphate,were evaluated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography and chemical *** the end of the experiment,the soils amended with pruning waste exhibited less organic carbon loss than those receiving sewage *** non-composted residues increased the aliphatic-pyrolytic products of the OM,both in the whole soil and also in the pyrophosphate extract,with the products derived from peptides and proteins being significantly *** 9 months,in the soils amended with pruning waste the relative abundance of phenolic-pyrolytic products derived from phenolic compounds,lignin and proteins in the whole soil tended to increase more than those in the soils amended with sewage ***,the extractable OM with pyrophosphate in the soils amended with composted residues tended to have higher contents of these phenolic-pyrolytic products than that in non-composted ***,despite the stability of pruning waste,the composting of this material promoted the incorporation of phenolic compounds to the soil *** pyrolytic indices (furfural/pyrrole and aliphatic/aromatic ratios) showed the diminution of aliphatic compounds and the increase of aromatic compounds,indicating the stabilization of the OM in the amended soils after 9 *** conclusion,the changes of soil OM depend on the nature and stability of the organic amendments,with composted vine pruning waste favouring humification.

关键词： degraded soil pyrolysis-gas chromatography pyrophosphate extract sewage sludge vine pruning waste

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Identifying key elements in Knowledge-cities benchmarking

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学术界 2010年第3期 241-248页

作者： Blanca c.garcia Northern Borderlands Research college

This paper presentation explores four key aspects of the Identity capital existing in emerging cities and *** aspects are part of capital systems approaches such as the Generic System of capitals （GcS）:a tool to benchmark how cities are leveraging their capacity for knowledge-based *** this opportunity,elements of GSc’s Identity capital have been emphasized to observe a combination of clarity and differentiation aspects of a city identity in four distinct *** context-based identity seemingly illustrates how knowledge cities in the edge are building their identity advantage in the knowledge-based international arena.

关键词： Generic capitals System Identity capital Benchmarking Borderland Knowledge cities

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Improvements in tribological and anticorrosion performance of porous Ti–6Al–4V via PEO coating

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Friction 2021年第5期9卷 1303-1318页

作者： c.garcia-cabezón M.L.Rodríguez-Méndez V.AmigóBorrás R.Bayón c.Salvo-comino c.garcia-Hernandez F.Martin-Pedrosa Materials Engineering E.I.I.Universidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain BioecoUVA Research Institute Universidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain Group UVASENS Escuela de Ingenierías IndustrialesUniversidad de ValladolidValladolid 47011Spain Instituto de Tecnología de Materials Univesitat Politécnica de ValenciaValencia 46022Spain Tribology Unit Fundación IK4-TeknikerEibar 20600Spain

Medical implants manufactured using biomaterial Ti–6Al–4V exhibit some *** higher elastic modulus than that of natural bone can cause stress shielding *** can be avoided using Ti–6Al–4V with pores in the implant ***,poor corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviors are yielded because of the large area exposed to the *** mitigate both issues,coating technologies can be *** plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO)process is a cost‐effective process that has been used successfully in nonporous Ti *** this study,two PEO coatings with different amounts of ca/P are ***,reports regarding their application in porous materials are *** effects of PEO treatments on corrosion and tribocorrosion in Ti–6Al–4V powder metallurgy are analyzed *** porous materials provide an efficient surface for PEO coatings,as demonstrated via scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and atomic force microscopy(AFM),and the porosity of the substrates improved the adherence of the *** corrosion resistance measured via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the beneficial effect of the coatings,particularly for long exposure *** lower roughness,small pore size,and more compact film observed in the PEO–ca/P sample resulted in favorable tribological and corrosion properties.

关键词： Ti‐based alloys corrosion tribocorrosion surface modification

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes c.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller David Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGcs). However, the use of tNGcs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGc would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGcs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGcs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGcs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGcs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGcs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGcs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGcs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Modern Microalloyed Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 14-21页

作者： garcia c Issac Suikkanen Pasi P Deardo Anthony J Basic Metals Processing Research Institute Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of OuluBox 420090014 OuluFinland

The addition of microalloying elements (MAE) to low c-Mn-Si HSLA steels has led to many benefits to the producers,fabricators and *** improvements such as microstructural refinement,higher dislocation and sub-grain boundary densities and finer M-A-c distributions have led to higher strength,improved toughness and better *** improvements can often be traced to the MA *** steels for load-bearing applications,the combination of MAE with hardenability additions (cr,Mo,B,etc.) and lower transformation temperatures has led to much higher strength levels than what were available a few years *** resulting nonpolygonal,bainitic and martensitic ferrite microstructures have not only higher strengths but also adequate levels of improved ductility and *** strip,plate and pipe applications have benefitted from these *** improvements have been found in the microalloyed forging steels,where the change from pearlite-ferrite to bainitic ferrite microstructures has led to higher strengths and improved high-cycle fatigue resistance,with little penalty in ductility and *** the cold rolled gauges,both the so-called Advanced High Strength Steels (DP,TRIP and complex Phase Steels) and the martensitic direct-quenched and press-quenched steels,along with the Interstitial-Free steels,have benefited from MAE additions,especially in the very popular zinc-coated sheet *** paper will briefly review each of these topic areas,and the underlying physical metallurgy will be discussed.

关键词： microalloying vanadium HSLA steels bainite,linepipe thermomechanical processing

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Tracing changes in the Microbial community of a Hydrocarbon-Polluted Soil by culture-Dependent Proteomics

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Pedosphere 2010年第4期20卷 479-485页

作者： F.BASTIDA c.NIcOLS J.L.MORENO T.HERNNDEZ c.garcia Department of Soil and Water conservation Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura(CEBAS-CSIC)Campus Universitario de Espinardo

Hydrocarbon contamination may affect the soil microbial community, in terms of both diversity and function. A laboratory experiment was set-up, with a semi-arid control soil and the same soil but artificially contaminated with diesel oil, to follow changes in the dominant species of the microbial community in the hydrocarbon-polluted soil via proteomics. Analysis of the proteins extracted from enriched cultures growing in Luria-Bertani （LB） media showed a change in the microbial community. The majority of the proteins were related to gIycolysis pathways, structural or protein synthesis. The results showed a relative increase in the complexity of the soil microbial community with hydrocarbon contamination, especially after 15 days of incubation. Species such as Ralstonia solanacearum, Synechococcus elongatus and different clostridium sp. were adapted to contamination, not appearing in the control soil, although Bacillus sp. dominated the growing in LB in any of the treatments. We conclude that the identification of microbial species in soil extracts by culture-dependent proteomics is able to partially explain the changes in the diversity of the soil microbial community in hydrocarbon polluted semi-arid soils, but this information is much more limited than that provided by molecular methods.

关键词： culture dependent hydrocarbon contamination microbial diversity proteomics semiarid soil

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Variation in sexual dimorphism and assortative mating do not predict genetic divergence in the sexually dimorphic Goodeid fish Girardinichthys multiradiatus

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current Zoology 2012年第3期58卷 440-452页

作者： c. MAcIAS garcia G SMITH c. GONZALEZ ZUARTH J. A. GRAVES M. G. RITcHIE Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Instituto de Ecologia UNAM A. E 70-275 C. E 04510 M6xico DE M6xico School of Biology University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

Sexual dimorphism is often used as a proxy for the intensity of sexual selection in comparative studies of sexual selection and diversification. The Mexican Goodeinae are a group of livebearing freshwater fishes with large variation between species in sexual dimorphism in body shape. Previously we found an association between variation in morphological sexual dimorphism between species and the amount of gene flow within populations in the Goodeinae. Here we have examined if mor- phological differentiation within a single dimorphic species is related to assortative mating or gene flow between populations. In the Amarillo fish Girardinichthys multiradiatus studies have shown that exaggerated male fins are targets of female preferences. We find that populations of the species differ in the level of sexual dimorphism displayed due to faster evolution of differences in male than female morphology. However, this does not predict variation in assortative mating tests in the laboratory; in fact dif- ferences in male morphology are negatively correlated with assortative mating. Microsatellite markers reveal significant genetic differences between populations. However, gene flow is not predicted by either morphological differences or assortative mating. Rather, it demonstrates a pattern of isolation by distance with greater differentiation between watersheds. We discuss the caveats of predicting behavioural and genetic divergence from so-called proxies of sexual selection [current Zoology 58 （3）： 440-452, 2012].

关键词： Sexual dimorphism Assortative mating Genetic distance Speciation Viviparous fish

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Measurement and modelization of VLE of binary mixtures of propyl acetate,butyl acetate or isobutyl acetate with methanol at pressure of 0.6 MPa

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chinese Journal of chemical Engineering 2016年第5期24卷 630-637页

作者： P.Susial D.garcia R.Susial Y.c.clavijo A.Martin Escuela de lngenierias lndustriales y civiles Universidad de Los Palmos de Cran Canafia35017 Los Palmos de Gran CanariaCanary IslandsSpain Dept.lngenieria Qufmica y Tecnologia del Medio Ambiente Universidad de Valladolid.47071 ValladolidSpain

The vapor-liquid equilibrium of binary mixtures of propyl acetate, butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate with meth- anol has been determined at a constant pressure of 0.6 MPa. Results have been modeled with the Peng-Robinson equation, a traditional cubic equation of state widely employed in chemical industries, as well as with the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid Pc-SAFT theory of Gross-Sadowski. By correlation of the binary inter- action parameters of these equations, the measured vapor-liquid equilibrium data can be accurately predicted. Thus, this work shows that these models are able to represent the experimental data for systems with associating comoounds via hydrogen bonding.

关键词： VLE isobaric data Propyl acetate Butyl acetate lsobutyl acetate MethanolEOS

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