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Energy recovery in china from solid wastes by the moving grate and circulating fluidized bed technologies

Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第1期2卷 27-36页

作者： A.c.Bourtsalas Qunxing Huang Hanwei Zhang Nickolas J.Themelis Earth Engineering centre Columbia UniversityNew YorkUSA Zhejiang University HangzhouChina SUS Environment ShanghaiChina

In recent years,the chinese waste-to-energy(WTE)industry is growing at the rate of about thirty new plants each *** municipal solid waste(MSW)fuel has a low heating value of 4-7 MJ/kg,in comparison to about 11 MJ/kg in *** 8-11 MJ/kg in *** of the low heating value fuel on a moving grate(MG),the dominant combustion technology worldwide,is difficult to control and measures have to be taken to remove some moisture prior to *** this and other reasons,an alternative technology,the circulating fluid bed(cFB)has been implemented in *** paper is a comparative study of the two technologies and was carried out by columbia University and two senior engineers,representing the MG and cFB technologies of *** were derived from industrial operating plants and from the *** fuel to MG furnaces is as-received MSW,while the MSW to cFB reactors is pre-shredded using high-torque low-speed *** availability of MG plants,over a 1-year period,is 90%+,while that of cFB facilities is 80%+.Also,the in-plant electricity consumption of MG plants is slightly lower than the consumption of cFB *** MG furnace is less compact,than that of a cFB combustion chamber,with a heat flux range from 0.5 to 0.6 MW/m^(2) of grate surface area,while that of cFB furnace was about 1.7 MW/m^(2) of furnace *** bottom ash in a MG process is typically wet-discharged and the recovery of metals is less efficient.A drawback of the cFB process is that the fly ash generated is 5-10%of the weight of MSW combusted,as compared to 1-3%for moving grate plants in china.

关键词： Municipal solid waste Waste-to-energy WTE circulating fluidized bed Moving grate Heat flux Plant availability

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Aerodynamic force generation of an insect-inspired flapper actuated by a compressed unimorph actuator

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第16期54卷 2871-2879页

作者： NGUYEN Quoc-Viet PARK Hoon c GOO Nam S BYUN Doyoung Department of Advanced Technology Fusion Konkuk University National Research Laboratory for Biomimetics and Intelligent Microsystems Konkuk University Department of Aerospace Engineering Konkuk University

We examined experimentally the flapping performance in terms of aerodynamic force generation of an insect-inspired flapper actuated by both of original LIPcA and compressed LIPcA. Flapping tests for two artificial wing shapes of horse botfly and hawk moth were conducted at the wing rotation angle of 60° and a flapping frequency range from 6 Hz to 12 Hz to find the optimum flapping frequency and to investigate the effect of compressed LIPcA and wing shape on the force generation. Flapping tests in the vacuum were also undertaken to measure the induced inertia force. The aerodynamic force was calculated by subtracting the inertia force from the total force measured in the air. It was found that the average inertia force was relatively small when compared with the average total force. The use of the compressed LIPcA could significantly improve the flapping angle of the flapper from 110° to 130° (18.2% increase) resulting in 24.5% increase in the average aerodynamic force. It was also found that flapper with hawk moth wings could produce larger force than the flapper with horse botfly wings.

关键词：空气动力驱动器插板压缩部队昆虫压电片单层

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Improving efficiency of sow productivity: nutrition and health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 187-194页

作者： Sung Woo Kim Alexandra c Weaver Yan Bin Shen Yan Zhao Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina Raleigh 27695 USA

This reviews research focused to understand the nutrient requirement and balance to meet the needs of fetal growth,mammary growth,and milk *** summary will handle how feeding strategies can be adjusted according to the nutrient needs for a sow to enhance productivity and *** research data used in this summary are based on the studies conducted by the authors between 1996 and *** requirements of sows are affected by stage of gestation and parity of *** antioxidant concentrations need to be re-evaluated for its sufficiency in sow diets especially to prevent excessive oxidative stress during late gestation and *** feeding sows,consideration of phase feeding of gestating sows and parity feeding of lactating sows could enhances production longevity and health of *** of selected nutrients and additives seems to help productivity and health of sows.

关键词： colostrum Gestation Lactation Milk Nutrition Pig

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Trace elements migrating from tailings to rock varnish laminated sediments in an old mining region from Nelson,Nevada,USA

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第2期37卷 202-213页

作者： Douglas B.Sims Amanda c.Hudson John E.Keller Michael Strange Andressa cristhy Buch David Ferrari Giavanna M.Fernandez Juan Garcia-Hernandez Bailey D.Kesl Sean Torres Department of Physical Sciences College of Southern Nevada University of Nevada Fluminense Federal University

The dispersion and influence of soluble and particulate trace elements(TEs) present in the materials from abandoned mines is an imminent problem on terrestrial and aquatic *** goal of this research is to provide a broader view of such transport,assessing particle size distribution and TE interactions(e.g.,scavenging) with mine tailings and locally derived sediments transported by water in arid *** grains from wash sediment were collected from a dry ephemeral wash in Nelson,Nevada where the Techatticup Mine and Mill worked between 1850 and *** were evaluated to determine the association and behavior of certain metals and metalloids including aluminum,arsenic,barium,cadmium,copper,chromium,iron,manganese,lead,selenium,vanadium,and zinc to rock varnish laminated *** show that some metals and metalloids were more concentrated on larger particles whereas others indicated the opposite *** example,As was greatest on silt fractions and least on coarse fractions,while Se was detected only on ***,cu,Fe,Mn,Pb,and Zn concentrations all increased with decreasing particle size(silt> sand> coarse),whereas Al,Ba,and V showed the opposite trend(silt coarse).The enrichment factor(EF) of cu,Zn,Pb,As,and Se were lower in mine tailing sediment treated with wash than those obtained for source *** in treated wash sediment samples,the high EFs of Ba,cr,V,and Mn suggested a possible greater affinity of these metals to the Al,Fe,and Mn oxides from the RV *** data found in this study show that transport of contaminated sediments in arid regions could lead to the enrichment of some TEs in downgradient areas from source materials.

关键词： Adsorption Metals Metalloids Mine tailings Particle size Transport

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Braiding process and bank erosion in the Brahmaputra River

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第4期26卷 431-444页

作者： M.P.AKHTAR NAYAN SHARMA c.S.P.OJHA Dept.of WRD and M I.I.T.Roorkee Dept.of civil Engg. I.I.T.Roorkee

The present work explores relations between stream power,braiding intensities and bank erosion in certain stretches of the Brahmaputra *** this paper,an objective approach is presented to enable quantitative assessment of spatio-temporal behaviour of channel braiding process of the Brahmaputra River by using the Plan Form Index and corresponding estimation of stream power to establish a behavioural pattern of variability of potential energy *** braiding index is compared for discrete years to understand the morphological ***,a real time estimation of stream power for certain stretches of Brahmaputra River is done in order to analyse its variability in braiding intensity and bank *** paper presents the dynamic behaviour of the channel pattern of the Brahmaputra River System in Assam valley of India over a time span of 18 *** procedure addresses the selection of input parameters from digital satellite images,comprising scenes for the years 1990,1997 and 2007 with specific dates,from Dhubri near Indo-Bangladesh Border to Upper *** of GIS technique has been made to extract the required parameters to derive Plan Form Indices for the entire study *** power estimation is done for corresponding latest floods and for corresponding dates of image *** study indicated that due to consistent aggradation of riverbed inducing temporal declination of stream power,there is an occurrence of wide spread *** in turn incurs substantial yearly land loss due to bank erosion,caused by flow concentrations due to temporal evolution of multiple channels in the Brahmaputra River.

关键词： River plan form Braiding indices Bank erosion Stream power

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The Recursive Formulation of Particular Solutions for Some Elliptic PDEs with Polynomial Source Functions

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communications in computational Physics 2009年第5期5卷 942-958页

作者： J.Ding H.Y.Tian c.S.chen Department of Mathematics University of Southern MississippiHattiesburgMS 39406USA

In this paper we develop an efficient meshless method for solving inhomogeneous elliptic partial differential *** first approximate the source function by chebyshev *** then focus on how to find a polynomial particular solution when the source function is a *** the principle of the method of undetermined coefficients and a proper arrangement of the terms for the polynomial particular solution to be determined,the coefficients of the particular solution satisfy a triangular system of linear algebraic *** recursive formulas for the coefficients of the particular solutions are derived for different types of elliptic *** method is further incorporated into the method of fundamental solutions for solving inhomogeneous elliptic *** results show that our approach is efficient and accurate.

关键词： The method of fundamental solutions particular solution Helmholtz equation chebyshev polynomial Laplace-Helmholtz equation convection-reaction equation

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Levy-flight moth-flame optimisation algorithm-based micro-grid equipment sizing:An integrated investment and operational planning approach

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2021年第1期3卷 126-150页

作者： Soheil Mohseni Alan c.Brent Daniel Burmester Will N.Browne Sustainable Energy Systems Faculty of EngineeringVictoria University of WellingtonWellington 6140New Zealand Department of Industrial Engineering and the centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies Stellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7600South Africa

Bridging the gap between simulation and reality for successful micro-grid(MG)implementation requires accu-rate mathematical modelling of the underlying energy infrastructure and extensive optimisation of the design space defined by all possible combinations of the size of the *** exact mathematical optimisa-tion approaches to the MG capacity planning are highly computationally efficient,they often fail to preserve the associated problem nonlinearities and *** translates into the fact that the available MG sizing tools potentially return a sub-optimal(inferior)MG *** brings to light the importance of nature-inspired,swarm-based meta-heuristic optimisation algorithms that are able to effectively handle the nonlinear and non-convex nature of the MG design optimisation problem–and better approximate the globally optimum solution–though at the expense of increased computational ***,this paper introduces a robust MG capacity planning optimisation framework based on a state-of-the-art meta-heuristic,namely the Lévy-flight moth-flame optimisation algorithm(MFOA).An intelligent linear programming-based day-ahead en-ergy scheduling design is,additionally,integrated into the proposed model.A case study is presented for a real grid-tied community MG in rural New Zealand.A comparison of the modelling results with those of the most popular tool in the literature and industry,HOMER Pro,verifies the superiority of the proposed meta-heuristic-based MG sizing ***,the efficiency of the Lévy-flight MFOA is compared to nine well-established meta-heuristics in the MG capacity planning *** comparative analyses have revealed the statistically significant outperformance of the Lévy-flight MFOA to the examined ***,its superiority to the original MFOA,the hybrid genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimisation,and the ant colony optimiser,by at least~6.5%,~8.4%,and~12.8%,is ***

关键词： Micro-grid Techno-economic Meta-heuristic Optimal sizing Operational planning Smart grid Optimization

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Effects of electrical resistance on the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal and the interaction matrix concept

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2006年第1期13卷 1-6页

作者： O.S. Yildirim c. Sensogut M.K. Gokay Ministry of Energy Ankara Turkey Mining Engineering Department Dumlupinar University Kutahya Turkey Mining Engineering Department Selcuk University Konya Turkey

There have been several developments in determining the spontaneous combustion liability of coal. Most of the methods of concern have purely been based on the internal properties of the coal itself. The relation between the crossing-point method and the electrical resistance of coal was examined here to outline the spontaneous combustion tendency of coal, The electrical resistance property of coal was looked into as a decision-making parameter of the interaction matrix concept for the final decision on the spontaneous combustion tendency.

关键词： spontaneous combustion electrical resistance interaction matrix

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Flashing light in sponges through their siliceous fiber network:A new strategy of “neuronal transmission” in animals

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chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第25期57卷 3300-3311页

作者： WANG XiaoHong FAN XingTao ScHRODER Heinz c MULLER Werner E G National Research center for Geoanalysis Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China ERc Advanced Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological chemistry University Medical Center of the Johannes GutenbergUniversityMainz D-55099Germany

Sponges(phylum Porifera) represent a successful animal taxon that evolved prior to the Ediacaran-cambrian boundary(542 million years ago).They have developed an almost complete array of cell-and tissue-based interaction systems necessary for the establishment of a functional,multicellular ***,a network of neurons,one cell/tissue-communication system is missing in *** fact is puzzling and enigmatic,because these animals possess receptors known to be involved in the nervous system in evolutionary younger animal *** an example,the metabotropic glutamate/GABA-like receptor has been identified and cloned by ***,we have identified a novel light transmission/light responsive system in sponges that is based on their skeletal elements,the siliceous glass fibers,termed *** classes of sponges,the Hexactinellida and the Demospongiae,possess a siliceous skeleton that is composed of *** the large spicules from hexactinellid sponges(>5 cm) revealed that these spicules are effective light-collecting optical *** we can report that the demosponge,Suberites domuncula,has a biosensor system consisting of the(organic) light producing luciferase and the(inorganic) light transducing silica *** light transmission features of these smaller spicules(200 μm) has been demonstrated and the ability of the sponge tissue to generate light had been *** for a luciferase gene in *** was *** the next step,we searched for a protein potentially involved in light *** a protein was identified,cloned and recombinantly expressed from *** protein sequence displays two domains characteristic of a cryptochrome,the N-terminal photolyase-related region and the c-terminal FAD-binding *** experimental data indicate that sponges may employ a network of luciferase-like proteins,a spicular system and a cryptochrome as the light source,optical waveguide and photosensor,***

关键词：海绵组织动物类群光纤网络硅质神经传导闪烁荧光素酶基因蛋白质序列

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Intriguing Origins of Protein Lysine Methylation:Influencing cell Function Through Dynamic Methylation

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第6期17卷 551-557页

作者： Natalie Mezey William c.S.cho Kyle K.Biggar Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Department of clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Introduction“There is a kink(shoulder)on[the]Lys peak...”These words scribed in Richard ***’s laboratory notebook marked the discovery of protein methylation and a segue into a new field of scientific research[1].Initially,through ion-exchange chromatography and two-dimensional paper chromatography of the hydrolysate of Salmonella typhimurium flagellin,this“kink”was interpreted as a“new amino acid”,the e-Nmethyl-lysine(NML).This discovery,bolstered by a subsequent examination of purified NML,was the first glimpse of protein methylation in living cells[1].

关键词： Lys Intriguing Origins of Protein Lysine Methylation:Influencing cell Function Through Dynamic Methylation

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