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Efficient guiding and focusing of intense laser pulse using periodic thin slits

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 29-39页

作者： l.Xu T.W.Huang K.Jiang c.N.Wu H.Peng P.c.hen R.li H.B.Zhuo c.T.Zhou Shenzhen Key laboratory of Ultraintense laser and Advanced Material Technology Center for Intense Laser ApplicationTechnologyand College of Engineering PhysicsShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

Slits have been widely used in laser-plasma interactions as plasma optical components for generating high-harmonic light and controlling laser-driven particle ***,we propose and demonstrate that periodic thin slits can be regarded as a new breed of optical elements for efficient focusing and guiding of intense laser *** fundamental physics of intense laser interaction with thin slits is studied,and it is revealed that relativistic effects can lead to enhanced laser focusing far beyond the pure diffractive focusing *** addition,the interaction of an intense laser pulse with periodic thin slits makes it feasible to achieve multifold enhancement in both laser intensity and energy transfer efficiency compared with conventional *** results provide a novel method for manipulating ultra-intense laser pulses and should be of interest for many laser-based applications.

关键词： laser pulse intense

New immune regulators of sciatic nerve regeneration?lessons from the neighborhood

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 705-706页

作者： Andrél.Bombeiro Rodrigo G.Q.Fernandes Julie c.Ribot Instituto de Medicina Molecular João lobo Antunes Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal

For decades,the immune system has been associated with host protection against infectious pathogens or tumors,while also contributing to ***,this paradigm is now changing,with recent studies highlighting novel roles for immune mediators in the maintenance of steady-state tissue *** this perspective,we review some of the latest findings featuring immune modulators of the nervous system pathophysiology,with a special focus on interleukin(Il)-17.

关键词： homeostasis neighborhood finding

Going deep:Roots,carbon,and analyzing subsoil carbon dynamics

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 1-3页

作者： Ezhilmathi Angela Joseph Fernando Michael Selvaraj Yusaku Uga wolfgang Busch Hunt Bowers Joe Tohme Alliance of Bioversity International and cIAT Km 17 Recta Cali-PalmiraAprtado Aereo 6713Cali 763537Colombia National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences(NIAS) TsukubaIbaraki 305-0856Japan Salk Institute for Biological Studies 10010 N Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA Earth Optics Suite 840ArlingtonVA 22202USA

Agricultural practices currently contribute to the emission of approximately 10%–12%atmospheric greenhouse gasses,with tillage agriculture accelerating soil disruption and carbon dioxide ***,various options exist,such as converting new lands for agriculture,promoting healthier plant-based diets,adopting advanced management technologies,and minimizing food ***,these measures alone are insufficient to ensure environmental sustainability within planetary boundaries.

关键词： soil measures carbon

Hierarchical coFe@N-Doped carbon Decorated Wood carbon as Bifunctional cathode in Wearable Zn-Air Battery

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第1期7卷 42-50页

作者： Kelong Ao Xiangyang Zhang Renat R.Nazmutdinov Di Wang Jihong Shi Xian Yue Jianguo Sun wolfgang Schmickler Walid A.Daoud Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Kazan National Research Technological University 420015 KazanRussian Federation School of Textile and Garment Anhui Polytechnic UniversityWuhu 241000China Wood Materials Science Institute for Building MaterialsETH Zürich8093 ZürichSwitzerland Am Sandhaken 18 D-89069 UlmGermany

Rechargeable Zn-air batteries(ZAB)have drawn extensive attention due to their eco-friendliness and ***,the lack of high-performance and low-cost oxygen redox reactions(OER and ORR)catalysts has become one of the main stumbling blocks in their ***,we successfully fabricate a coFe nanobubble encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon nanocage on wood carbon support(coFe@Nc/Wc)via pyrolysis of a novel Prussian blue analog(PBA)/spruce *** hierarchical coFe@Nc/Wc catalyst exhibits an excellent potential difference of 0.74 V between the OER potential at 10 mA cm^(-2)and half-wave potential of ORR in 0.1 M KOH,comparable to recently reported preeminent ***,coFe@Nc/Wc shows outstanding electrochemical performance in liquid ZAB,with a peak power density of 138.9 mW cm^(-2)and a specific capacity of 763.5 mAh g^(-1).More importantly,a bacterial cellulose nanofiber reinforced polyacrylic acid(Bc-PAA)hydrogel electrolyte shows ultrahigh tensile-breaking stress of 1.58 *** conjunction with the as-prepared coFe@Nc/Wc catalyst,Bc-PAA-based wearable ZAB displays impressive rechargeability and foldability,and can power portable electronics,such as electronic timer and mobile phone,in bent *** work provides a new approach toward high-activity and low-cost catalysts for ZAB.

关键词： biomass-based catalyst DFT computation hydrogel electrolyte oxygen redox reactions wearable Zn-air battery

Adsorption of yttrium(Y^(3+)) and concentration of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using chitin and chitin aerogel

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 775-782页

作者： Glaydson S.dos Reis Diana Pinto Sabrina F.lütke Eder c.lima luis F.O.Silva Irineu A.S.De Brum Guilherme l.Dotto Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology Biomass Technology centre Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeaE13Swedn Universidad De la costa Calle 58#55-66080002BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Research Group on Adsorptive and catalytic Process Engineering(ENGEPAc) Federal University of Santa MariaAv.Roraima100079705900Santa MariaRSBrazil Institute of chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul90040060Porto AlegreBrazil

chitin powder and chitin-aerogel were prepared from shrimp wastes and used to uptake Y^(3+)from aqueous solutions and concentrate this rare earth element from phosphogypsum(PG).chitin aerogel displays a specific surface area of 945 m^(2)/g,while chitin powder is 3.6 m^(2)/g,which largely influences its adsorption *** the adsorption in synthetic solutions,the effect of pH on Y^(3+)removal is strong for chitin powder *** contrast,no big pH influence was detected for chitin *** interactions and chelation can highlight the proposed mechanism of Y^(3+)on chitin adsorbents for the powder and ***,in addition to these interactions,pore filling/pore diffusion is the main mechanism of Y^(3+)removal in the chitin *** aerogel is efficient in concentrating 8 times the Y^(3+)from PG,a very complex *** complex chitin aerogel-Y^(3+)can be a secondary source of rare earth elements for other applications.

关键词： Rare earths Sustainable material chitin powder chitin porous aerogel Yttrium adsorption and recovery

cr-induced fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy elements

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 122-130页

作者： S.Madhu H.c.Manjunatha N.Sowmya B.M.Rajesh l.Seenappa R.S.Susheela Department of Physics R V College of EngineeringBangalore 560074India Visvesvaraya Technological University BelagaviKarnataka 590018India Department of Physics Government First Grade CollegeSrinivasapurKarnataka 563135India Department of Physics Government First Grade CollegeDevanahallyKarnataka 562110India Department of Physics Government First Grade CollegeMulbagalKarnataka 563131India Department of Physics Government First Grade collegeNanjangudOoty RoadMysore 571301India

We investigated ^(50,52-54)cr-induced fusion reactions for the synthesis of the superheavy element in the 104≤Z≤122 *** cross sections produced in this investigation using ^(54)cr projectiles were compared with those obtained in prior *** estimated cross sections from this analysis are consistent with the findings of prior *** the current study,the predicted cross section was found to be 42fb at 236 MeV for ^(53)cr+^(243)Am,23.2 fb at 236 MeV for ^(54)cr+^(247)cm,95.6 fb at 240 MeV for ^(53)cr+248Bk,and 1.33 fb at 242 MeV for ^(53)cr+***,these projected cross sections with excitation energy and beam energy will be useful in future cr-induced fusion reaction investigations.

关键词： Fusion cross sections compound nucleus formation probability Survival probability Evaporation residue cross sections

cD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDc1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin lei Daniël c.de Groot Marij J.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama Hans van Eenennaam Saskia J.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen Joris l.Vos charlotte l.Zuur Noel F.c.c.de Miranda Heinz Jacobs Sjoerd H.van der Burg Jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology leiden University Medical center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

cD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDc1s)to induce cD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(cTl)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse *** recently identified cDc1s with a transcriptomic imprint of cD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting ***,we delineate the mechanism of cDc1 licensing by cD4^(+)T cells in *** cD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes MHc-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDc1s and thereby improves their ability to induce cTl anticancer *** cooperation with cD40 ligand(l),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDc1s required for cTl response ***-I-producing cD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to cTls locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDcs and tumor-reactive cD8^(+)T *** agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing cD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： cD4^(+)T-cell help cDc1 licensing IFN-I signaling cD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation cTl priming Tumor control

Towards engineering a portable platform for laparoscopic pre-training in virtual reality with haptic feedback

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虚拟现实与智能硬件（中英文） 2024年第2期6卷 83-99页

作者： Hans-Georg ENKlER wolfgang KUNERT Stefan PFEFFER Kai-Jonas BOcK Steffen AXT Jonas JOHANNINK christoph REIcH Furtwangen University 78120 FurtwangenGermany University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Tuebingen 72076 TuebingenGermany

Background laparoscopic surgery is a surgical technique in which special instruments are inserted through small incision holes inside the *** some time,efforts have been made to improve surgical pre training through practical exercises on abstracted and reduced *** The authors strive for a portable,easy to use and cost-effective Virtual Reality-based(VR)laparoscopic pre-training platform and therefore address the question of how such a system has to be designed to achieve the quality of today's gold standard using real tissue *** VR controllers are limited regarding haptic *** haptic feedback is necessary or at least beneficial for laparoscopic surgery training,the platform to be developed consists of a newly designed prototype laparoscopic VR controller with haptic feedback,a commercially available head-mounted display,a VR environment for simulating a laparoscopic surgery,and a training *** To take full advantage of benefits such as repeatability and cost-effectiveness of VR-based training,the system shall not require a tissue sample for haptic *** is currently calculated and visually displayed to the user in the VR *** the prototype controller,a first axis was provided with perceptible feedback for test *** of the prototype VR controllers can be combined to simulate a typical both-handed use case,e.g.,laparoscopic suturing.A Unity based VR prototype allows the execution of simple standard *** The first prototype enables full operation of a virtual laparoscopic instrument in *** addition,the simulation can compute simple interaction *** challenges lie in a realistic real-time tissue simulation and calculation of forces for the haptic *** weaknesses were identified in the first hardware prototype,which will be improved in subsequent *** degrees of freedom of the controller are to be provided with haptic *** make forces t

关键词： laparoscopic surgery Training Virtual reality controller Haptic feedback Kinesthetic skills

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巴西油气勘探开发历程:从陆上到超深水

石油勘探与开发 2024年第4期51卷 796-806页

作者： ANJOS Sylvia M c SOMBRA cristiano l SPADINI Adali R 巴西国家石油公司里约热内卢20231-030巴西

21世纪以来,随着桑托斯盆地深水盐下获得一系列重大油气发现,巴西东部海域成为全球深水油气勘探与生产的热点区域。通过全面回顾巴西油气勘探开发历程,系统阐述了从陆上到海域、从浅水到深水—超深水直至盐下勘探的探索实践、战略转变... 详细信息

21世纪以来,随着桑托斯盆地深水盐下获得一系列重大油气发现,巴西东部海域成为全球深水油气勘探与生产的热点区域。通过全面回顾巴西油气勘探开发历程,系统阐述了从陆上到海域、从浅水到深水—超深水直至盐下勘探的探索实践、战略转变、重大突破和关键理论技术。巴西国家石油公司(简称巴西国油)自1953年成立以后的15年间,在陆上古生界克拉通盆地和断陷盆地进行了勘探,并于断块和三角洲砂体圈闭获得了一些中小型油气发现。20世纪70年代,应用重力流沉积模式和高质量三维地震等勘探新技术,在坎波斯盆地浅水中发现Namorado和Enchova等油田,随后深水盐上勘探获得突破,成功发现Marlim、Roncador等大型油田。21世纪初,通过盐下含油气系统、碳酸盐岩成储成藏模式和核磁共振测井等理论技术攻关,推动桑托斯盆地下白垩统湖相碳酸盐岩陆续获得Tupi(lula)、Buzios、Mero等世界级超深水盐下大油田的系列重大发现。在复杂的深水作业环境下,油气开发工程面临巨大挑战,巴西国油通过启动深水研发计划(PROcAP),开发并实施窄压力窗口控压钻井、加压钻井液帽钻井、多段智能完井、水下采油及浮式生产平台开发和流动保障等关键技术,显著提升了钻完井、油气田开发和输运的效率及安全性。此外,在浮式采储卸油系统建产规模受限的情况下,推进全球最大规模的cO_(2)捕集、驱油利用与埋存工程(ccUS-EOR),有效减少温室气体排放并提高了原油采收率。上述理论技术的发展和应用,也为全球深水油气勘探开发提供了宝贵经验。未来巴西油气勘探将继续聚焦深水盐下碳酸盐岩和盐上浊积岩,并在古生界天然气等勘探领域持续寻求新的发现,同时通过技术创新和战略合作,促进巴西石油天然气行业的可持续发展。

关键词：巴西深水盐下勘探坎波斯盆地桑托斯盆地浊积岩湖相碳酸盐岩深水开发流动保障