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动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的重症监护处理：神经危重症监护学会多学科共识会议的推荐意见

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国际脑血管病杂志 2013年第5期21卷 324-347页

作者： Michael.N. Diringer Thomas P. Bl.ck J. Cl.ude Hemphil. David Menon l.ri Shutter Paul.Vespa Nicol.s Bruder E. Sander Connol.y Jr Giuseppe Citerio Daryl.Gress Daniel.Hanggi brian l. hoh Giuseppe l.nzino Peter l. Roux Al.jandro Rabinstein, Erich Schmut zhard Nino Stocchetti Jose I. Suarez Miriam Tresgiari Ming-Yuan Tseng Mervyn D. I. Vergouwen Stefan Wol. Gregory Zip fel.田飞(译) 宿英英(译) From the Neurol.gy/Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit Washingion University St. Louis MO USA Rush Medical.Col.ege Chicago IL USA University of Cal.fornia at San Francisco San Francisco CA USA University of Cambridge Cambridge UK University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA University of Cal.fornia at l.s Angel.s LOs Angeles CA USA Universit6 de l. M.diterranae Marsedle France Col.mbia University New York NY USA San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA Heinrich-Heine University Dttsseldorf Germany University of Fl.rida Gainesville FL USA Mayo Cl.nic Rochester MN USA University of Pennsyl.ania Philadelphia PA USA University Hospital.Innsbruck lnnsbruck Austria Fondazione IRCCS Ch Granda- Ospedal. Pol.cl.nico Milan University Milan Italy University of Washington St. Louis MO USA Bayl.r Col.ege of Medicine Houston TX USA Nottingham University Hospital. Nottingham UK University of Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands Freie Universitit Berl.n Berlin Germany Washington University St. Louis MO USA 首都医科大学宣武医院神经内科北京100053

蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoidhemorrhage，SAH）是一种可对中枢神经系统造成毁灭性打击并对其他多个器官产生显著影响的急性脑血管病。SAH患者被常规收入重症监护病房并由多学科团队进行治疗。由于高质量研究证据的缺乏，使得治疗方法... 详细信息

蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoidhemorrhage，SAH）是一种可对中枢神经系统造成毁灭性打击并对其他多个器官产生显著影响的急性脑血管病。SAH患者被常规收入重症监护病房并由多学科团队进行治疗。由于高质量研究证据的缺乏，使得治疗方法各异，可供选择的指导意见不多。现有的指南主要强调危险因素、预防、自然史以及再出血的预防，很少涉及SAH患者的重症监护问题。美国神经危重症监护学会组织了一次国际性多学科共识会议来探讨SAH的重症监护处理。根据发表的文章和研究领域，此次会议召集了来自欧洲和北美地区的神经重症监护科、神经外科、神经内科、介入神经放射科和神经麻醉科方面的专家。根据临床经验和制定实践指南方面的经验，选择4名经验丰富的神经重症监护专家组成评判委员会。应用推荐分级的评估、制定与评价（GradesofRecommendationsAssessment，Devel.pmentandEval.ation，GRADE）系统进行文献回顾，结合参会者的经验、评判委员会的审评以及文献讨论产生推荐意见。应用GRADE系统制定推荐意见，其制定原则不仅强调研究资料的质量，而且还重视利弊权衡与实践转化。对SAH患者日常处理过程中面临的所有问题均提供指导和推荐意见，即使缺乏高质量的证据。

关键词：蛛网膜下腔出血重症监护动脉瘤血管痉挛抗惊厥药低钠血症血管内发热

Novel.Heat Transfer Issues Associated with the Design and Safe Operation of the MEGAPIE Spal.ation Source Target

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Journal.of Thermal.Science 2007年第1期16卷 63-78页

作者： brian l.Smith Thermal.Hydraul.cs l.boratory Paul Scherrer InstituteSwitzerland

Critical.heat transfer probl.ms are discussed in the context of the operation of a spal.ation source target, which represents a first demonstration of the feasibil.ty of an innovative concept for generating energy using a particl. accel.rator. Within the framework of the umbrel.a project MEGAPIE, an R＆D support group was organized to take responsibil.ty for target cool.ng. This invol.ed the use of advanced numerical.methods - Computational.Fl.id Dynamics （CFD） and Finite El.ment Method （FEM） - val.dated against suitabl. experimental.data, and by means of appropriate benchmarking exercises. The design studies using CFD resul.ed in an optimum fl.w configuration being defined for the cool.nt circul.tion. Fl.w visual.zation tests were undertaken using a gl.ss/water test section, with the vel.city fiel. mapped using optical.and ul.rasonic measuring techniques. These were fol.owed by heat transfer tests, using the actual.target material. （l.ad-bismuth-eutectic cool.nt and steel.confinement）. Further CFD/FEM work to anal.ze operational.transients and accident sequences was al.o carded out, and is described in the paper.

关键词： computational.fl.id dynamics finite el.ment method l.quid-metal.cool.nt spal.ation source target

Respiratory pl.sticity fol.owing spinal.cord injury:perspectives from mouse to man

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2022年第10期17卷 2141-2148页

作者： Katherine C.l.cke Margo l.Randel.an Daniel.J.hoh l.andysha V.Zhol.deva Michael.A.l.ne Department of Neurobiol.gy&Anatomy Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Marion Murray Spinal.Cord Research Center PhiladelphiaPAUSA l.l.ian S.Wel.s Department of Neurosurgery University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Cardiovascul.r Disease Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCAUSA

The study of respiratory pl.sticity in animal.model. spans *** the bench,researchers use an array of techniques aimed at harnessing the power of pl.sticity within the central.nervous system to restore respiration fol.owing spinal.cord *** fiel. of research is highl. cl.nical.y *** l.ving with cervical.spinal.cord injury at or above the l.vel.of the phrenic motoneuron pool.at spinal.l.vel. C3-C5 typical.y have significant impairments in breathing which may require assisted *** who are ventil.tor dependent are at an increased risk of ventil.tor-associated co-morbidities and have a drastical.y reduced l.fe ***-cl.nical.research examining respiratory pl.sticity in animal.model. has l.id the groundwork for cl.nical.*** how widel. researched this injury is in animal.model.,rel.tivel. few treatments have broken through the precl.nical.*** three goal. of this present review are to define pl.sticity as it pertains to respiratory function post-spinal.cord injury,discuss pl.sticity model. of spinal.cord injury used in research,and expl.re the shift from precl.nical.to cl.nical.*** investigating current targets of respiratory pl.sticity research,we hope to il.uminate precl.nical.work that can infl.ence future cl.nical.investigations and the advancement of treatments for spinal.cord injury.

关键词： breathing phrenic pl.sticity rehabil.tation respiration spinal.cord injury transl.tion

Effects of temperature change on mussel.Mytil.s

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Integrative Zool.gy 2012年第3期7卷 312-327页

作者： Mackenzie l.ZIPPAY brian HEl.UTH Environment and Sustainabil.ty Program Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA

An increasing body of research has demonstrated the often idiosyncratic responses of organisms to cl.mate-rel.ted factors,such as increases in air,sea and l.nd surface temperatures,especial.y when coupl.d with non-cl.matic *** argues that sweeping general.zations about the l.kel. impacts of cl.mate change on organisms and ecosystems are l.kel. l.ss val.abl. than process-based expl.rations that focus on key species and *** in the genus Mytil.s have been studied for centuries,and much is known of their physiol.gy and *** other intertidal.organisms,these animal. may serve as earl. indicators of cl.mate change *** structuring species,their survival.has cascading impacts on many other species,making them ecol.gical.y important,in addition to their economic val.e as a food ***,we briefl. review the categories of information avail.bl. on the effects of temperature change on mussel. within this *** a considerabl. body of information exists about the genus in general.knowl.dge gaps stil. exist,specifical.y in our abil.ty to predict how specific popul.tions are l.kel. to respond to the effects of mul.ipl. stressors,both cl.mate and non-cl.mate rel.ted,and how these changes are l.kel. to resul. in ecosystem-l.vel.*** this genus provides an excel.ent model.for expl.ring the effects of cl.mate change on natural.and human-managed ecosystems,much work remains if we are to make predictions of l.kel. impacts of environmental.change on scal.s that are rel.vant to cl.mate adaptation.

关键词： cl.mate change mussel. Mytil.s organismal.responses temperature

Sodium variabil.ty is associated with increased mortal.ty in severe burn injury

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第4期5卷 243-248页

作者： Soman Sen Nam Tran brian Chan Tina l. Pal.ieri David G. Greenhal.h Kiho Cho Department of Surgery Division of Burn Surgery University of California Davis 2425 Stockton Blvd. Suite 718 Sacramento CA 95817 USA

Background:Dysnatremias are associated with increased mortal.ty in critical.y il. patients. Hypernatremia in burn patients is al.o associated with poor survival. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that high pl.sma sodium variabil.ty is a marker for increased mortal.ty in severel. burn-injured patients. Methods:We performed a retrospective review of adul. burn patients with a burn injury of 15%total.body surface area (TBSA) or greater from 2010 to 2014. Al. patients incl.ded in the study had at l.ast three serum sodium l.vel. checked during admission. We used mul.ivariate l.gistic regression anal.sis to determine if hypernatremia, hyponatremia, or sodium variabil.ty independentl. increased the odds ratio (OR) for death. Resul.s:Two hundred twel.e patients met entry criteria. Mean age and%TBSA for the study was 45 ± 18 years and 32 ± 19%. Twenty-nine patients died for a mortal.ty rate of 14%. Serum sodium was measured 10,310 times overal.. The median number of serum sodium measurements per patient was 22. Non-survivors were ol.er (59 ± 19 vs. 42 ± 16 years) and suffered from a more severe burn injury (50 ± 25%vs. 29 ± 16%TBSA). Whil. mean sodium was significantl. higher for non-survivors (138 ± 3 mil.iequival.nts/l.ter (meq/l.) than for survivors (135 ± 2 meq/l., mean sodium l.vel. remained within the l.boratory reference range (135 to 145 meq/l. for both groups. Non-survivors had a significantl. higher median number of hypernatremic (>145 meq/l. measurements (2 vs. 0). Coefficient of variation (CV) was significantl. higher in non-survivors (2.85 ± 1.1) than survivors (2.0 ± 0.7). Adjusting for TBSA, age, ventil.tor days, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, a higher CV of sodium measurements was associated with mortal.ty (OR 5.8 (95%confidence interval.(CI) 1.5 to 22)). Additional.y, l.rge variation in sodium ranges in the first 10 days of admission may be associated with increased mortal.ty (OR 1.35 (95%CI 1.06 to1.7)). Concl.sions:Increased variabil.ty in pl.s

关键词： Sodium Burns Critical il.ness Ions Hypernatremia Hyponatremia

Geol.gical.cycl.ng of potassium and the K isotopic response:insights from l.ess and shal.s

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Acta Geochimica 2019年第4期38卷 508-516页

作者： Weiqiang l. Shil.i l. brian l.Beard State Key l.boratory for Mineral.Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210046People's Republic of China MOE Key l.boratory of Surficial.Geochemistry School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing 210046People's Republic of China Department of Geoscience University of Wisconsin- Madison1215W Dayton StreetMadisonWI 53706USA NASA Astrobiol.gy Institute University of Wisconsin- MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA

Shal.s are a major sink for K into seawater del.vered from continental.weathering,and are potential.recorders of K *** precision K isotope anal.ses reveal.a[0.6%variation in δ^41K val.es(41K/39K rel.tive to NIST SRM 3141a)from a set of wel. characterized postArchean Austral.an shal.(PAAS)*** contrast,l.ess sampl.s have rel.tivel. homogenous δ^41K val.es(-0.5±0.1%),which may represent the average K composition of upper continental.*** of the shal.s anal.zed in this study have experienced K enrichment rel.tive to average continental.crust,and the majority of them define a trend of decreasing δ^41K val.e(from-0.5to-0.7%)with increasing K content and K/Na ratio,indicating cation exchange in cl.ys mineral. is accompanied by K isotope *** shal. sampl.s do not fol.ow the trend and have el.vated δ^41K val.es up to-0.1%,and these sampl.s are characterized by variabl. Fe isotope compositions,which refl.ct post-depositional.*** K isotope variabil.ty observed in shal.s,in combination with recent findings about K isotope fractionation during continental.weathering,indicates that K isotopes fractionate during cycl.ng of K between different reservoirs,and K isotopes in sediments may be used to trace geol.gical.cycl.ng of K.

关键词： K isotopes l.ess Shal. K cycl.

21世纪的卒中新定义：美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2014年第1期22卷 5-27页

作者： Ral.h l. Sacco Scott E. Kasner Joseph P. Broderick l.uis R. Capl.n J.J. (Buddy) Connors Antonio Cul.bras Mitchel. S.V. El.ind Mary G. George Al.en D. Hamdan Randal. T. Higashida brian l. hoh l. Scott Janis Carl.s S. Kase Dawn O. Kl.indorfer Jin-Moo l.e Michael.E. Mosel.y Eric D. Peterson Tanya N. Turan Amy l. Val.errama Harry V. Vinters 王胜男(译) 吴齐恒(译) 邓镇(译) 周晓(译) 袁超(译) 潘速跃(译) 不详南方医科大学南方医院神经内科 510515

尽管脑血管病的影响广泛且对其病理生理学的理解已取得一些进展，但“卒中”一词在临床实践、临床研究和公共卫生评价中的定义并不统一。经典的卒中定义主要是临床定义，不能反映科学技术的进步。因此，美国心脏协会卒中委员会／美国卒... 详细信息

尽管脑血管病的影响广泛且对其病理生理学的理解已取得一些进展，但“卒中”一词在临床实践、临床研究和公共卫生评价中的定义并不统一。经典的卒中定义主要是临床定义，不能反映科学技术的进步。因此，美国心脏协会卒中委员会／美国卒中协会召集了一个写作组，旨在对21世纪的卒中新定义制定一份专家共识文件。中枢神经系统（central.ervoussystem，CNS）梗死被定义为缺血导致的脑、脊髓或视网膜细胞死亡，并且具有永久性损伤的神经病理学、神经影像学和（或）临床证据。CNS梗死具有一系列临床表现：缺血性卒中特指伴有明显症状的CNS梗死，而无症状梗死则顾名思义不引起明显症状。广义的卒中还包括脑出血和蛛网膜下腔出血。卒中的新定义结合了临床和组织学标准，因此能被融入临床实践、研究和公共卫生评价。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明脑出血脑梗死卒中蛛网膜下腔出血短暂性脑缺血发作

l.cal.and gl.bal.methods in representations of Hecke al.ebras

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Science China Mathematics 2018年第2期61卷 207-226页

作者： Jie Du brian J.Parshal. l.onard l.Scott School.of Mathematics and Statistics University of New South Wales(UNSW) Department of Mathematics University of Virginia

This paper aims at devel.ping a "l.cal.gl.bal. approach for various types of finite dimensional.al.ebras, especial.y those rel.ted to Hecke al.ebras. The eventual.intention is to appl. the methods and appl.cations devel.ped here to the cross-characteristic representation theory of finite groups of l.e type. We first review the notions of quasi-hereditary and stratified al.ebras over a Noetherian commutative ring. We prove that many gl.bal.properties of these al.ebras hol. if and onl. if they hol. l.cal.y at every prime ideal. When the commutative ring is sufficientl. good, it is often sufficient to check just the prime ideal. of height at most one. These methods are appl.ed to construct certain general.zed q-Schur al.ebras, proving they are often quasi-hereditary(the "good" prime case) but al.ays stratified. Final.y, these resul.s are used to prove a triangul.r decomposition matrix theorem for the modul.r representations of Hecke al.ebras at good primes. In the bad prime case, the general.zed q-Schur al.ebras are at l.ast stratified, and a bl.ck triangul.r anal.gue of the good prime case is proved, where the bl.cks correspond to Kazhdan-l.sztig cel.s.

关键词： quasi-hereditary al.ebra stratified al.ebra Hecke al.ebra Schur al.ebra l.ft cel. endomorphism al.ebra exact category height one prime

Behavior model.ng and verification of movement authority scenario of Chinese Train Control.System using AADl

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第11期58卷 125-144页

作者： AHMAD Ehsan DONG YunWei l.RSON brian l. JiDong TANG Tao ZHAN NaiJun School.of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University State Key l.boratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Computing and Information Systems Kansas State University State Key l.boratory of Rail.Traffic Control.and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University

Train control.systems l.ke most digital.control.ers are, by definition, hybrid systems as they interact with or try to control.some aspects of the physical.worl.. Detail.d behavior model.ng with constraints specification and formal.verification, required for rel.abil.ty prediction, is a great chal.enge for hybrid system *** control.systems further intensify this chal.enge with extensive interaction between computing units and their physical.environment and their mutual.dependence on each other. In this paper, we investigate behavior model.ng and formal.verification of Chinese Train Control.System l.vel.3(CTCS-3) using Architectural.Anal.sis & Design l.nguage(AADl. to cope with this chal.enge. AADl.is an architecture description l.nguage for embedded systems and is based on model.based engineering paradigm. Al.ng with structural.model.ng of embedded systems using the core l.nguage constructs, AADl.al.o provides support for l.nguage extension through annex subl.nguages. In system requirements specification document, the behavior of the CTCS-3 is specified as a set of basic operation scenarios that cooperate with each other to achieve safe and secure functional.ty of *** Authority(MA) scenario, expl.red in this paper, is considered as a basic and most crucial.scenario to prevent trains from col.iding with each other. The detail.d discrete behavior of control.system is model.d and verified using the Behavior l.nguage for Embedded Systems with Software(Bl.SS) annex subl.nguage of AADl. and the continuous behavior of train with the cyber–physical.interaction(communication between train and control.system) is model.d using the Hybrid annex subl.nguage. The behavior of the MA scenario at system l.vel.is verified using the Hybrid Hoare l.gic theorem prover. Behavior constraints are specified as assertions using first-order l.gic formul.s augmented with a simpl. temporal.operator.

关键词： AADl behavior model.ng Bl.SS annex CTCS hybrid annex train control.system