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商业中心与零售业布局 theory and applications 1

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Addition of tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ)to maize oil reduces lipid oxidation but does not prevent reductions in serum vitamin E in nursery pigs

丛书名：世界城市规划经典译丛

2006年

作者： brian j. L. Berry等王德等译

本书阐述了中心地体系的形成与商业布局、中心地理论及等级特征、周期性市场体系、零售选址和市场地理学等。

ISBN: (数字)7560830889

ISBN: (纸本)7560830889

本书阐述了中心地体系的形成与商业布局、中心地理论及等级特征、周期性市场体系、零售选址和市场地理学等。

关键词：商业中心城市规划

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 958-968页

作者： Yuan T.Hung Andrea R.Hanson Pedro E.Urriola Lee j.j.hnston brian j.Kerr Gerald C.Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota1988 Fitch Ave.St.PaulMN 55108USA Professional Swine Management LLCCarthageIL 62321USA USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment AmesIA 50011USA West Central Research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaMorrisMN 56267USA

Background: Maize oil is abundantly used in foods and feeds and is highly susceptible to oxidation. Consequently,commercially available antioxidants should be evaluated for effectiveness against lipid oxidation in swine diets. Our study was conducted to evaluate growth performance of nursery pigs fed oxidized maize oil and to determine effects of using antioxidants on oxidative status in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Two hundred eight weaned pigs were blocked by initial BW into 13 blocks, resulting in 4 pigs per pen and 13 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included 6% unoxidized or oxidized maize oil, and 0 or 60 mg/kg of tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ), which was added after lipid oxidation. Data for growth performance were collected from 5 time periods of a two-phase feeding program(Phase 1 = d 0 to 12 and Phase 2 = d 13 to 34). Serum and liver samples were collected from one pig per pen, which had initial BW closest to average BW to determine oxidative status on d ***: Oxidized maize oil was heated for 12 h at 185 °C with 12 L/min of air, yielding a peroxide value(PV) of 5.98 m Eq O2/kg and TBARS of 0.11 mg MDA eq/g. Addition of TBHQ to diets containing oxidized maize oil decreased PV by 37% and increased the oil stability index by 69%. Final BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F of pigs were not different among the four dietary treatments. However, pigs fed oxidized maize oil tended(P < 0.08) to increase hepatosomatic index by 5% compared with those fed unoxidized oil, and this was not affected by adding *** serum vitamin E concentration of pigs fed oxidized maize oil was less(P < 0.03) than pigs fed unoxidized oil,but this reduction was not reversed by adding TBHQ. Finally, the serum and liver selenium concentration were not different among the ***: The addition of TBHQ did not affect growth performance and vitamin E status in pigs fed moderately oxidized maize oil, but TBHQ reduced lipid oxidation, enhanced the oil stability, and appeared to redu

关键词： Growth performance Lipid oxidation Maize oil Nursery pigs TBHQ Vitamin E

The Practice of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in subSaharan Africa and Antarctica：A White Paper or a Black Mark？

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中国康复医学杂志 2009年第5期24卷 385-389页

作者： Andrew j. Haig MD j.nathan Im Ayodej. Adewole, MD Virgina S. Nelson, MD, M.P.H brian Krabak, MD, M.B.A. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA. College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA. SOS International Accra Ghana. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine University of WashingtonSeattle Washington USA.

Obj.ctive:To explore the practice of PM&R in subSaharan Africa and ***:Medline searches,membership data searches,fax survey of medical schools,Internet searches,and interviews with ***:The continents are dissimilar in terms of climate and *** both Antarctica and subSaharan Africa have no PM&R training programs,no professional organizations,no specialty board requirements,and no practicing physicians in the *** there is no known disabled child on Antarctica and adults are airlifted to world-class health care,the consequences of this deficit are minimal *** the 788,000,000 permanent residents of subSaharan Africa including approximately 78 million persons with disability are left ***:Antarctica is doing *** is in a *** medical schools,hospitals doctors,and persons with disability;along with foreign volunteers,aid groups,and policymakers can impact the *** government-specifically national ministries of health-is ultimately responsible for the health and wellbeing of citizens.

关键词：体格检查医学文献资料因特网

Sorption and Leaching Potential of Isoproturon and Atrazine in Low Organic Carbon Soil of Pakistan Under a Wheat-Maize Rotation

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 687-698页

作者： Muhammad TAHIR Anwar Ul HASSAN Saliha MAQBOOL brian BARBER William C.KOSKINEN PENG Xinhua David j.MULLA State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China) Institute of Soil&Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture FaisalabadPunjab 38000(Pakistan) Soil and Water Management Research Laboratory St.Paul MN 55108-6089(USA) Department of Soil Water&ClimateUniversity of MinnesotaTwin Cities MN 55108-6089(USA)

Pesticide leaching is a great threat in low organic carbon soils when subj.cted to improper irrigation *** data are available on the sorption and leaching potential of pesticides in agricultural soils of Pakistan with low soil organic carbon(SOC).Lysimeter and field studies were conducted with and without manure application at two irrigation levels in a wheat-fallowmaize rotation in Faisalabad,Punj.b,*** was applied to wheat 55 d after sowing at 1 kg active ingredient(a.i.)ha^(-1),while atrazine was sprayed on maize 30 d after sowing at 0.774 kg ***^(-1).Soil was sampled from three depths(0-35,35-70,and 70-110 cm) for the field study and four depths(0-35,35-70,70-115,and 115-160 cm) for the lysimeter study,280 and 65 d after application of isoproturon and atrazine,*** soil-water partition coefficients(K_d) of isoproturon and atrazine ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 and 0.4 to 1.5 L kg^(-1),respectively,and increased linearly with increase in SOC *** organic carbon-normalized soil-water partition coefficient(K_(oc)) of isoproturon and atrazine averaged 246.1 and 184.9 L kg^(-1),respectively,being higher with low spiking *** residues measured 280 d after application ranged from 2.1% to 3.6% of the applied mass in the lysimeter study and from 1.5% to 3.1% under field *** residues 65 d after application ranged from only 0.62% to 0.78% and from 0.88% to 0.82% in the lysimeter and field studies,*** lowest levels of residues for both pesticides were observed with frequent irrigation applied to manure-amended soil.A pesticide leaching risk screening tool,the ground water ubiquity score(GUS),indicated that in the absence of manure under both irrigation levels,isoproturon has a leaching potential(GUS = 2.8),while with the application of manure it has a very low leaching *** GUS ranged from 1.7 to 1.9,indicating a very low risk of leaching.

关键词： concentration dependent sorption irrigation manure leaching risk assessment pesticide

Linking monitoring and modelling for river basin management:Danish experience with combating nutrient loadings to the aquatic environment from point and non-point sources

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3335-3347页

作者： KRONVANG brian WINDOLF j.rgen GRANT Ruth ANDERSEN Hans E THODSEN Hans OVESEN Niels B LARSEN SФren E National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University VejlsФvej 25 DK-8600 Silkeborg Denmark

Nationwide monitoring of the aquatic environment was initiated in 1988 in Denmark as a means to follow the outcome of the Action Plans for nutrient pollution of the aquatic environment. Five Action Plans have been adopted by the Danish Parliament since 1985 and the nationwide monitoring programme can be used to quantify the outcome as shown by reductions in nutrient discharges from both point and non-point sources. Moreover, the empirical experience gathered from nearly 20 years of monitoring is assisting the development and calibration of models for simulation of nitrogen leaching, nitrogen removal in groundwater and surface waters and the establishment of a P-index all covering the entire land area of Denmark.

关键词： nitrogen phosphorus monitoring data point sources non-point sources models Action Plans Danish experience

Use of doppler ultrasound to predict need for transj.gular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt revision

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World j.urnal of Hepatology 2022年第6期14卷 1200-1209页

作者： Nikki Duong Marcus Healey Kunal Patel brian j.Strife Richard K Sterling Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionVirginia Commonwealth University Medical CenterRichmondVA 23219United States Department of Internal Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Medical CenterRichmondVA 23219United States Division of Interventional Radiology Virginia Commonwealth University Medical CenterRichmondVA 23219United States

BACKGROUND Transj.gular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is used to treat complications of portal hypertension,such as ascites and variceal bleeding(VB).While liver doppler ultrasound(DUS)is used to assess TIPS patency,trans-shunt venography(TSV)is the gold *** To determine the accuracy of DUS to assess TIPS dysfunction and for need for *** Retrospective review of patients referred for TIPS revision from ***,DUS parameters at baseline and at the DUS preceding TIPS revision,TSV data were *** operating characteristics curves,sensitivity,specificity,performance for doppler to predict need for revision were *** and multivariate analyses were used to predict clinical factors associated with need for TIPS *** The cohort consisted of 89 patients with cirrhosis(64%men,76%white,31%alcohol as etiology);median age 59 *** for initial TIPS were VB(41%),refractory ascites(51%),and other(8%).TIPS was revised in 44%.On univariate analysis,factors associated with need for TIPS revision were male(P=0.03),initial indication for TIPS(P=0.05)and indication for revision(P=0.01).Revision of TIPS was associated with lower mortality(26%vs 46%)and significantly lower rates of transplant(13%vs 24%;P=0.1).In predicting need for TIPS revision,DUS has a 40%sensitivity,45%specificity,PPV 78%,and NPV 14%.The most accurate location for shunt velocity measure was distal velocity(Area under the curve:0.79;P=0.0007).CONCLUSION DUS has poor overall sensitivity and specificity in predicting need for TIPS ***-invasive methods of predicting TIPS dysfunction are needed since those needing TIPS revision had better survival.

关键词： Transj.gular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Doppler ultrasound Portal hypertension

Tyrosine kinase receptor B isoforms alter APP and BACE1 endogenous levels independently of BDNF

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2012年第3期1卷 93-101页

作者： Sara Ansaloni brian P. Leung Aditi Dubey Aleister j. Saunders Biology Department Drexel University Philadelphia USA

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and signaling via the tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) have been shown to be altered in Alzheimer’s Disease. In addition, it has been reported that the isoforms of TrkB can differentially affect metabolism of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Conversely, Ab, a neurotoxic cleavage product of APP, has been shown to impair TrkB/ BDNF signaling. Therefore, we investigated whether the changes observed in APP metabolism were due to the isoform-specific effects of TrkB on either APP expression, and/or on the expression and activity of ADAM10 and BACE1. Since BDNF levels are decreased in AD, we focused on BDNF independent effects of the TrkB isoforms. We found that TrkB FL increases endogenous APP levels in both HEK293 and SH-SY5Y naive cells. We did not find an increase in ADAM10 activity in HEK293 cells, but an increase in BACE1 levels. Additionally, we have found that TrkB FL is able to increase NFAT3 mediated transcriptional activity and we suggest that this causes transcriptional activation of the BACE1 promoter.

关键词： TrkB Alzheimer BACE1 SHC NFAT

The Utility of Procalcitonin as a Biomarker to Limit the Duration of Antibiotic Therapy in Adult Sepsis Patients

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Surgical Science 2014年第8期5卷 342-353页

作者： Ronald S. Chamberlain brian j. Shayota Carl Nyberg Prasanna Sridharan Department of Surgery Saint Barnabas Medical Center Livingston USA

Introduction: With rising global antibiotic resistance, stewardship programs aimed at controlling multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens have begun to gain acceptance. These programs stress appropriate antibiotic selection, dosage and duration. A growing literature suggests serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels may be useful in guiding antibiotic duration and de-escalation. This report sought to evaluate the evidence-based data available from prospective randomized controlled trials (RCT) on the role of PCT in guiding reductions in antibiotic duration in adult sepsis patients. Methods: A comprehensive search of all published prospective RCT(s) on the use of PCT as a tool for guiding antibiotic therapy in adult sepsis patients was conducted using PubMed, Medline Plus and Google Scholar (2007-2013). Keywords searched included, “procalcitonin”, “sepsis-therapy”, “sepsis biomarker”, “antibiotic duration”, “drug de-escalation”, and “antimicrobial stewardship”. Results:?Four RCT(s) involving 826 adult sepsis patients have evaluated the role of serum PCT levels to guide criteria for cessation of antibiotic therapy based either on specific PCT levels or PCT kinetics. Bouadma?et al.?(N = 621) stopped antibiotics when the PCT concentration was 1 ng/mL. The PCT arm showed a 2-day reduction in antibiotics. Finally, Nobre?et al.?(N = 68) stopped antibiotics when PCT levels decreased by 90% or more from the initial value, but not prior to Day 3 (if baseline PCT measured <1 μg/

关键词： Procalcitonin Sepsis Therapy Sepsis Biomarker Antibiotic Duration Antibiotic De-Escalation Antimicrobial Stewardship

Association between Urinary Neurotransmitter Status and Scoliosis Progression: A Case-Controlled Series

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Open j.urnal of Clinical Diagnostics 2018年第3期8卷 17-24页

作者： Mark W. Morningstar Clayton j. Stitzel brian Dovorany Aatif Siddiqui Natural Wellness & Pain Relief Center Grand Blanc MI USA Lancaster Spinal Health Center Lititz PA USA ScoliSMART Clinics Green Bay WI USA Esprit Wellness Center New York NY USA

Previous investigations into the relationship between neurotransmitter abnormalities and idiopathic scoliosis have been mixed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the differences in a urinary neurotransmitter profile across three different groups. These groups included a progressive scoliosis group, a non-progressive scoliosis group, and a non-scoliotic control group. When evaluating urinary neurotransmitter levels across all groups, statistically significant differences were observed between all three groups for multiple neurotransmitters. The differences seemed to increase as the scoliosis increased in Cobb angle measurement. Further studies should seek to distinguish a potential cause or effect relationship between these neurotransmitter abnormalities and idiopathic scoliosis onset and/or progression.

关键词： Histamine Neurotransmitters Norepinephrine Scoliosis Serotonin