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Understanding Hydrogen Redistribution During Steel Casting,and Its Effective Extraction by Thermally Induced Up-Hill Diffusion

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 159-163页

作者： gaude.fugarolas Daniel Independent Research and Consultancy in Physical Metallurgy and Engineering c/.Alcalde Joan Batalla 408340 Vilassar de MarSpain

The severe loss of ductility caused by hydrogen in high strength steels has been the object of intense research during *** of the high mobility of hydrogen once has entered the metal,even in comparison with other interstitial atoms like carbon and nitrogen,a rigorous description of hydrogen fluxes during manufacturing of steel components is considered to be essential.A physical model of interstitial element diffusion is used to study the fluxes of hydrogen during solidification and cooling of cast *** particular,the present model contemplates diffusion in its most comprehensive description,i.e.,atom diffusion is driven by a reduction of the Gibbs energy of the ***,it is only considered the case in which diffusion occurs to reduce the concentration gradient of an element at constant matrix composition and ***,in a more general view,and as was proven by Darken (1949),diffusion may occur even up-hill the composition gradient as long it still leads to a reduction of Gibbs energy in the *** diffusion occurs due to a temperature gradient,it has been referred to as thermal diffusion or Ludwig-Soret *** model presented incorporates physical description of thermal agitation and atom mobility of interstitial elements,the influence of temperature gradients,solubility and saturation of the interstitial elements as function of temperature and matrix phases,as well as the kinetics of degassing at high *** application of this model shows how hydrogen localizes in some regions of the component to a degree that depends on manufacturing conditions and where it may reach concentrations well beyond the initial average concentration in the *** model describes as well how the FCC to BCC phase transformation may drive hydrogen concentration beyond supersaturation,due to the disparate capability of these phases to dissolve *** the other hand,this study has also enabled the development of a method for the

关键词： hydrogen diffusion embrittlement extraction

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经济合作与发展组织国家的地区发展政策

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科学学译丛 1991年第1期 36-41页

作者： gaude.,J 张兴根

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Levels of insecticide resistance to deltamethrin,malathion,and temephos,and associated mechanisms in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from the Guadeloupe and Saint Martin islands(French West Indies)

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 339-353页

作者： Daniella Goindin Christelle Delannay Andric Gelasse Cedric Ramdini Thierry gaude.Frederic Faucon Jean-Philippe David Joël Gustave Anubis Vega-Rua Florence Fouque Laboratory of Medical Entomology Unit Environment and HealthPasteur Institute of Guadeloupe97183 Les AbymesGuadeloupe Vector control Service Regional Health AgencyDothemareLes AbymesGuadeloupe Alpine Ecology Laboratory(LECA) CNRSUMR 55532233 rue de la piscine BP5338041 GrenobleCedex 9France University of Grenoble Alpes GrenobleFrance Environmental and Systems Biology(BEeSy) University of Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance Vector Environment and Society Unit Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR)World Health Organization20Avenue AppiaCH-1211 Geneva 27Switzerland

Background:In the Guadeloupe and Saint Martin islands,Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the only recognized vectors of dengue,chikungunya,and Zika *** around 40 years,malathion was used as a mosquito adulticide and temephos as a *** the European Union banned the use of these two insecticide molecules in the first decade of the 21st century,deltamethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis *** are the remaining adulticide and larvicide,respectively,used in *** order to improve the management of vector control activities in Guadeloupe and Saint Martin,we investigated *** resistance to and mechanisms associated with deltamethrin,malathion,and ***:*** mosquitoes were collected from six different localities of Guadeloupe and Saint *** were used for malathion and temephos bioassays,and adult mosquitoes for deltamethrin bioassays,following World Health Organization *** resistance(Kdr)genotyping for V1016I and F1534C mutations,and expression levels of eight enzymes involved in detoxification mechanisms were examined in comparison with the susceptible reference Bora Bora ***:Resistance ratios(RR50)calculated for *** larvae showed high resistance levels to temephos(from 8.9 to 33.1-fold)and low resistance levels to malathion(from 1.7 to 4.4-fold).Adult females displayed moderate resistance levels to deltamethrin regarding the time necessary to affect 50%of individuals,varying from 8.0 to *** investigations on adult mosquitoes showed high resistant allele frequencies for V1016I and F1534C(from 85 to 96%and from 90 to 98%,respectively),as well as an overexpression of the glutathione S-transferase gene,GSTe2,the carboxylesterase CCEae3a,and the cytochrome genes 014614,CYP6BB2,CYP6M11,and ***:*** populations from Guadeloupe and Saint Martin exhibit multiple resistance to organophosphates(temephos and malathion),and pyrethroids(deltamethrin

关键词： Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Insecticide resistance Deltamethrin Malathion Temephos Guadeloupe Saint Martin

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贝氏体转变动力学的新物理模型

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现代冶金（内蒙古） 2009年第2期 64-69页

作者： Daniel gaude.FUGAROAS[比利时] 冯岩青(译) 刘莉(校)

贝氏体反应模型认为贝氏体转变与非常小的奥氏体晶粒有关。这个模型使用的是位错移动路径和热力学标准，即对晶界和自发形成亚晶的形核和贝氏体亚晶形成的描述。由于碳的分离和再分配使得奥氏体的成分变化可根据相转变进程进行估计。亚... 详细信息

贝氏体反应模型认为贝氏体转变与非常小的奥氏体晶粒有关。这个模型使用的是位错移动路径和热力学标准，即对晶界和自发形成亚晶的形核和贝氏体亚晶形成的描述。由于碳的分离和再分配使得奥氏体的成分变化可根据相转变进程进行估计。亚晶的尺寸依据温度和成分计算。转变动力学，同不完全反应一样，是一种正确的预测。在奥氏体晶粒尺寸小于非约束的贝氏体亚晶长度时，奥氏体的晶粒尺寸对于贝氏体形成速率的影响是可以找到依据的。在这里，观察到形核率的提高经验上认为是与奥氏体的屈服强度有关。根据不同合金得出的动力学数据认为上面的经验是正确的。

关键词：贝氏体动力学模型自催化碳再分配晶粒尺寸

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