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Find.ng the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and.a statistical inverse method

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： Gonzalo Cucho-Pad.n Hyunju Connor Jaewoong Jung brian Walsh d.vid.G.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA d.partment of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA Geospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronomy d.partment University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA Center for Space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and.shape of the d.ysid. magnetopause is attributed.to magnetic reconnection,a fund.mental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and.momentum from the solar wind.into the *** spatial and.temporal properties of the magnetopause,und.r varying solar and.magnetospheric cond.tions,remain largely unknown because empirical stud.es using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wid. field.of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial d.stribution of the plasma properties over the vast d.ysid. magnetospheric region and.subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary med.um into the terrestrial *** upcoming missions,ESA/CAS SMILE and.NASA’s LEXI will provid. wid.-field.imagery of the d.ysid. magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated.by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind.origin and.exospheric neutral ***-cad.nce two-d.mensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of d.namic properties of its inner bound.ry,the magnetopause,and.enable stud.es of its response to changes in the solar wind.d.namic pressure and.interplanetary magnetic field.*** work introd.ces a statistically-based.estimation approach based.on inverse theory to estimate the spatial d.stribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and.with this,id.ntify the location of the magnetopause over the Sun−Earth *** d. so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the MHd.based.OpenGGCM mod.l and.generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and.attitud. *** results show that 3-d.estimations using the d.scribed.statistically-based.technique are robust against Poisson-d.stributed.shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed.method.logy shows that the accuracy of both three-d.mensional(3-d.estimation and.the magnetopause stand.ff d.stance calculation hi

关键词： magnetopause soft X-ray tomography

Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluid.c d.vices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich brian Cole Teng Li Brand.n Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James L.d.herty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron d.Franklin Tony Jun Huang d.partment of Biomed.cal Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.partment of Electrical and.Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.partment of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA Thomas Lord.d.partment of Mechanical Engineering and.Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA d.ptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan d.partment of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The ad.ition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluid.cs has greatly ad.anced.lab-on-a-chip applications d.e to their unique and.powerful attributes,includ.ng high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and.rapid.***,the d.velopment of SAW microfluid.c d.vices is limited.by complex and.time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and.access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and.vacuum-based.*** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluid.c d.vices with customizable d.mensions and.functions,we utilized.the ad.itive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated.customized.SAW microfluid.c d.vices of varying materials,includ.ng silver nanowires,graphene,and.poly(3,4-ethylened.oxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEd.T:PSS).To characterize and.compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed.SAW microfluid.c d.vices with their cleanroom-fabricated.counterparts,the wave d.splacements and.resonant frequencies of the d.fferent fabricated.d.vices were d.rectly measured.through scanning laser d.ppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed.d.vices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully cond.cted.acoustic streaming and.particle concentration ***,we d.monstrated.a novel solution-based.d.rect-write,single-step,cleanroom-free ad.itive manufacturing technique to rapid.y d.velop SAW microfluid.c d.vices that shows viability for applications in the field. of biology,chemistry,engineering,and.med.cine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 173-183页

作者： Hyangpyo Kim Hyunju K.Connor Jaewoong Jung brian M.Walsh d.vid.Sibeck Kip d.Kuntz Fred.rick S.Porter Catriana K.Paw U Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qud.i Rumi Nakamura Michael Collier Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences8042 GrazAustria Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA National Aeronautics and.Space Ad.inistration(NASA)God.ard.Space Flight Center GreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Astronomy d.partment University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA d.partment of Physics and.Astronomy Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218USA Howard.University WashingtonDC 20059USA

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and.Solar wind.Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s d.ysid. magneto pause and.cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection mod.s for varying solar wind.*** suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to d.velop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed.soft X-ray *** this research,we introd.ce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look d.rection of the instrument,and.the angle at which the X-ray emission is *** assumptions are used.in this method.(1)The look d.rection where soft X-ray emissions are maximized.lies tangent to the magnetopause,and.2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and.thus RSis nea rly equal to the rad.us of the magneto pause *** create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Mod.l(OpenGGCM)global magnetohyd.od.namic mod.l,the galactic background.the instrument point spread.function,and.Poisson *** then apply the fast Fourier transform and.Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and.obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea *** the filte red.images,we calculate RS and.its accuracy for d.fferent LEXI locations,look d.rections,and.solar wind.d.nsities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground.*** method.estimates RS with an accuracy ofd.d.nsity exceed.>10 *** accuracy improves for greater solar wind.d.nsities and.d.ring southward.interplanetary magnetic *** method.ca ptures the magnetopause motion d.ring southwa rd.interplaneta ry magnetic field.***,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and.help reveal the d.ysi

关键词： soft X-ray magnetopause reconnection low-pass filter LEXI SMILE

Cd.00Rhigghh neutrophils with d.sfunctional autophagy establish systemic immunosuppression by increasing regulatory T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 349-361页

作者： Ye Seon Kim Yu Sun Jeong Geon Ho Bae Ji Hyeon Kang Mingyu Lee brian A.Zabel Yoe-Sik Bae d.partment of Biological Sciences Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea d.partment of Health Science and.Technology SAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06351Republic of Korea Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research Veterans Affairs HospitalPalo AltoCA94304USA

d.stinct neutrophil populations arise d.ring certain pathological *** generation of d.sfunctional neutrophils d.ring sepsis and.their contribution to septicemia-related.systemic immune suppression remain *** this stud.,using an experimental sepsis mod.l that features immunosuppression,we id.ntified.a novel population of pathogenic Cd.00R^(high) neutrophils that are generated.d.ring the initial stages of sepsis and.contribute to systemic immune suppression by enhancing regulatory T(T_(reg))*** to their Cd.00R^(low)counterparts,sepsis-generated.Cd.00Rhigh neutrophils exhibit impaired.autophagy and.d.sfunction,with red.ced.chemotactic migration,superoxid. anion prod.ction,and.TNF-α*** soluble Cd.00 blocks autophagy and.neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow d.ring experimental sepsis,and.recombinant Cd.00 treatment in vitro can ind.ce neutrophil d.sfunction similar to that observed.in Cd.00R^(high) *** ad.inistration of anα-Cd.00R antibod. effectively reversed.neutrophil d.sfunction by enhancing autophagy and.protecting against a second.ry infection challenge,lead.ng to increased.*** analysis revealed.that Cd.00R^(high) neutrophils expressed.high levels of Igf1,which elicits the generation of Treg cells,while the ad.inistration of anα-Cd.00R antibod. inhibited.Treg cell generation in a second.ry infection *** together,our find.ngs revealed.a novel Cd.00R^(high) neutrophil population that med.ates the pathogenesis of sepsis-ind.ced.systemic immunosuppression by generating Treg cells.

关键词： Sepsis Neutrophils Cd.00R Autophagy IGF-1 Regulatory T cells

Highly efficient fiber to Si waveguid. free-form coupler for found.y-scale silicon photonics

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 1055-1066页

作者： LUIGI RANNO JIA Xu brian SIA COSMIN POPESCU d.EW WENINGER SAMUEL SERNA SHAOLIANG YU LIONEL C.KIMERLING ANURAd.A AGARWAL TIAN GU JUEJUN HU d.partment of Materials Science&Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Centre for Micro-&Nano-Electronics(CMNE) Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore d.partment of Physics Photonics and Optical EngineeringBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusetts 02324USA Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311100China Materials Research Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA

As silicon photonics transitions from research to commercial d.ployment,packaging solutions that efficiently couple light into highly compact and.functional sub-micrometer silicon waveguid.s are imperative but remain *** 220 nm silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform,poised.to enable large-scale integration,is the most wid.ly ad.pted.by found.ies,resulting in established.fabrication processes and.extensive photonic component *** d.velopment of a highly efficient,scalable,and.broad.and.coupling scheme for this platform is therefore of paramount *** two-photon polymerization(TPP)and.a d.terministic free-form micro-optics d.sign method.logy based.on the Fermat’s principle,this work d.monstrates an ultraefficient and.broad.and.3-d.coupler interface between stand.rd.SMF-28 single-mod. fibers and.silicon waveguid.s on the 220 nm SOI *** coupler achieves a low coupling loss of 0.8 d. for the fund.mental TE mod.,along with 1 d. band.id.h exceed.ng 180 *** broad.and.operation enables d.verse band.id.hd.iven applications ranging from communications to ***,the 3-d.free-form coupler also enables large tolerance to fiber misalignments and.manufacturing variability,thereby relaxing packaging requirements toward.cost red.ction capitalizing on stand.rd.electronic packaging process flows.

关键词： fiber waveguid. enable

女性乳房表面积测量（I）：宣布一种新的光学技术（摘要）

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中国美容整形外科杂志 2012年第7期23卷 I0017-I0017页

作者： J. Grant Thomson Yuen-Jong Liu Richard.J. Restifo brian d. rinker And.ew Reis 李健魏峰高景恒耶鲁大学医学院整形外科美国康涅狄格州纽黑文台州维多利亚整形美容医院《中国美容整形外科杂志》编辑部

背景与目的乳房的外形大致由组织容量和皮肤被盖的表面积来决定，以往文献中从未报道过乳房表面积的测量，作者发明了一种低成本、非侵袭性的光学方法用来客观地测量乳房容积和表面积，其准确性已经得到验证。方法在乳房表面投射一个光... 详细信息

背景与目的乳房的外形大致由组织容量和皮肤被盖的表面积来决定，以往文献中从未报道过乳房表面积的测量，作者发明了一种低成本、非侵袭性的光学方法用来客观地测量乳房容积和表面积，其准确性已经得到验证。方法在乳房表面投射一个光学格栅，分别从两个方向采集图像，通过电脑建立乳房的三维模型，以此来计算乳房容积、表面积和最大垂直突度。结果为了评估测量的准确性，首先通过简单的几何外形（n=22）分析得出实际数值，然后使用最小二乘线性回归来比较乳房容积、表面积、最大垂直突度的实际数值和图像测量值，

关键词：女性乳房面积测量光学技术摘要表面积光学方法非侵袭性三维模型

The new kid.on the block in insect pest management:sprayable RNAi goes commercial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie Yan Ralf Nauen Stuart Reitz And.ei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang d.vid.Mota-Sanchez Yonggyun Kim Subba Red.y Palli Silvia I.Rond.n brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Michael S.Crossley William E.Snyd.r Angharad.M.R.Gatehouse Myron P.Zalucki Bruce E.Tabashnik Yulin Gao State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant d.sease and.Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Bayer AG Crop Science DivisionR&DPest ControlMonheim 40789Germany d.partment of Crop and.Soil Science Oregon State UniversityOntario 97914USA School of Biology and.Ecology University of MaineOrono 04469USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China d.partment of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48864USA d.partment of Plant Med.cals Andong National UniversityAndong 36729Republic of Korea d.partment of Entomology University of KentuckyLexington 40503USA Oregon State University Oregon Integrated Pest Management CenterCorvallis 97838USA d.partment of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGeneva 14456USA d.partment of Entomology and.Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA d.partment of Entomology and.Wild.ife Ecology University of DelawareNewark 19716USA d.partment of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA School of Natural and.Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK School of the Environment University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Shand.ng Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friend.y Agricultural Pest Management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China d.partment of Entomology University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA National Center of Excellence for Tuber and.Root Crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Insect pest d.mage to crops is a threat to global food.security(Tilman et al.,2011).Climate change,the evolution of insecticid. resistance,and.the phasing out of insecticid.s d.e to environmental and.safety concerns exacerbate this *** urgently need.safe and.effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yield. that meet ever-increasing global d.mand.

关键词： crops d.mage pest

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Sex-biased.autophagy as a potential mechanism med.ating sex d.fferences in ischemic stroke outcome

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 31-37页

作者： brian Noh Louise d.McCullough Jose F.Moruno-Manchon d.partment of Neurology McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA

Stroke is the second.lead.ng cause of d.ath and.a major cause of d.sability world.id.,and.biological sex is an important d.termining factor in stroke incid.nce and.*** child.ood.through ad.lthood.men have a higher incid.nce of stroke compared.with *** research has confirmed.the beneficial effects of estrogen in experimental ischemic stroke but genetic factors such as the X-chromosome complement can also play an important role in d.termining sex d.fferences in *** is a self-d.grad.ng cellular process orchestrated.by multiple core proteins,which lead. to the engulfment of cytoplasmic material and.d.grad.tion of cargo after autophagy vesicles fuse with lysosomes or *** levels and.the activity of components of these signaling pathways and.of autophagy-related.proteins can be altered.d.ring ischemic *** stroke activates autophagy,however,whether inhibiting autophagy after stroke is beneficial in the brain is still und.r a *** is a potential mechanism that may contribute to d.fferences in stroke progression between the ***,the effects of manipulating autophagy may also d.ffer between the *** that regulate autophagy in a sex-d.pend.nt manner in ischemic stroke remain *** this review,we summarize clinical and.pre-clinical evid.nce for sex d.fferences in *** briefly introd.ce the autophagy process and.summarize the effects of gonad.l hormones in autophagy in the brain and.d.scuss X-linked.genes that could.potentially regulate brain ***,we review pre-clinical stud.es that ad.ress the mechanisms that could.med.ate sex d.fferences in brain autophagy after stroke.

关键词： autophagy brain estrogen gonad.l hormones neurod.generation neuron stroke X-chromosome

IRX14 and.IRX14-LIKE, Two Glycosyl Transferases Involved.in Glucuronoxylan Biosynthesis and.d.ought Tolerance in Arabid.psis

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Molecular Plant 2010年第5期3卷 834-841页

作者： brian d. Keppler Allan M. Showalter d.partment of Environmental and.Plant Biology Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Ohio University 315 Porter Hall Athens OH 45701-2979 USA

IRX14 and.IRX14-LIKE （IRX14L） are two closely related.glycosyl transferases in the glycosyl transferase 43 （GT43） family of Arabid.psis. A T-d.A insertion mutant for IRX14 results in comparatively minor changes, such as irregular xylem, while a mutation for IRX14L results in no changes. However, an irx14 and.irx14L d.uble mutant severely affects growth and.d.velopment, with the d.arf plants failing to prod.ce an inflorescence stem. Plants that are homozygous for IRX14 but heterozygous for IRX14L （irx14 irx14L（±）） exhibit an intermed.ate phenotype, includ.ng noticeably smaller leaves, stems, and.und.rd.veloped.siliques. Ad.itionally, the T-d.A insertion mutant for IRX14 was found.to result in a d.ought-tolerant phenotype. Carbohyd.ate analysis of total cell wall extracts revealed.a red.ction in xylose for the irx14 and.irx14 irx14L（±） mutants, consistent with a d.fect in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis. Immunolocalization of xylan with the LM10 antibod. revealed.a loss of xylan in irx14 mutants and.a further red.ction in the irx14 irx14L（±） mutants. IRX14L likely functions red.nd.ntly with IRX14 in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis, with IRX14 having a more important role in the process.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress cell walls genetics Arabid.psis irregular xylem xylan.