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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2020年第5期9卷 180-184页

作者： Ravinder singh Nagi Satinder pal singh Prahlad Duggal Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery Government Medical College Amritsar Punjab India Chief ENT & Head Neck Surgeon Swift Hospital Amritsar Punjab India

The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has widespread implications for clinical practice of otolaryngologists in clinics and hospitals. With various reports of otolaryngology practitioners catching infection, a profound structural reorganization of ENT services in the clinic is mandatory for protecting both patients and healthcare workers. The present study focused on quantifying the cost involved in reorganizing the otolaryngology out-patient services in a third world country during the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. Though the pandemic has increased the cost of running of an otolaryngology practice world over, the impact is huge in India as penetration of health insurance/social security is minimal. As out of pocket expenditure forms a significant proportion of healthcare spending by majority in India, any transfer of additional cost incurred because of Covid-19 pandemic to the patient will burn a bigger hole in their pocket.

关键词： COVID-19 Pandemic Otolaryngology Out-Patients Economics Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Pichia as yeast cell factory for production of industrially important bio-products:Current trends,challenges,and future prospects

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生物质资源与工程(英文) 2023年第2期8卷 108-124页

作者： Akansha Shrivastava Mamta pal Rakesh Kumar Sharma Department of Biosciences Manipal University JaipurJaipur 303007India Sardar Swaran singh National Institute of Bio-Energy Jalandhar 144601India

Yeast has been used as a cell factory for thousands of years to produce a wide variety of com-plex biofuels,bioproducts,biochemicals,food ingredients,and *** a variety of biotechnological production hosts,a few specific genera of yeast have proven *** developments in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology provide a workable long-term supply solution for these *** this review,we have covered recent advances in the design of yeast cell factories for the synthesis of terpenoids,alkaloids,phenylpropanoids,and other natural chemicals,primarily focusing on Pichia ***-edge solutions involving genetic and process engineering have also been ***,the review summarized recent advancements and challenges in synthetic and systems biology,as well as initiatives in metabolic engineering aimed at commercializing non-conventional yeasts like *** processes used in non-traditional yeasts to produce enzymes,therapeutic proteins,lipids,and metabolic products for industrial applications were thoroughly elaborated.

关键词： Natural product Pichia Non-conventional yeast Biosynthesis System biology Synthetic biology

Analysis of macro and micro nutrients in some Indian medicinal herbs grown in Jaunpur (u.p.) soil

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Natural Science 2011年第7期3卷 551-555页

作者： Arun Kumar Ram Prakash singh Narendra pal singh 不详

Concept of trace elements being “the Inorganic Switches” has evolved during the last several decades. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicinal system also emphasises the importance of minor and trace elements in human health and disease. To evaluate elemental contents of some commonly used as health promoter and fever, 5 medicine herbs (stems) namely Guduchi, Vach, Mulahati, Joytishmati and Vidhara have been analyzed for four minor (Na, K, Mg and Ca) and eight trace elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame photometry. Their accuracy was measured by replicate analyses. In general, elemental contents were found in varying amounts with large range. It is observed that many of medicinal herbs are enriched in one or more elements. Since these elements are bioavailable in natural form, probably in combination with organic constituents, these are likely to be easily assimilated by human bodies. Besides them, two toxic elements Ni and Cd were also found in insignificant amounts as these are likely to have originated from environmental contamination.

关键词： Sample Used as Health Promoter and Fever Medicinal Herbs in Jaunpur

Analysis of nutritional elements in Indian medicinal herbs used to cure general weakness

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Natural Science 2012年第4期4卷 211-215页

作者： Arun Kumar Ram Prakash singh Narendra pal singh Department of Chemistry Hindu P.G. College Zamania Ghazipur India Department of Chemistry Hindu P.G. College Zamania Ghazipur India Institute of Pharmacy V.B.S. Purvanchal University Jaunpur India

Concept of trace elements being “the Inorganic Switches” has evolved during last several decades. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicinal system also emphasises the importance of minor and trace elements in human health and disease. To evaluate elemental contents of some commonly used to cure general weakness, 3 medicine herbs namely Beezband (seeds), Gok-shur (fruit) and Talmakhana (seeds) have been analyzed for four minor (Na, K, Mg and Ca) and eight trace elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame photometry. Their accuracy was measured by replicate analyses. In general, elemental contents were found in varying amounts with large range. It is observed that many of medicinal herbs are enriched in one or more elements. Since these elements are bioavailable in natural form, probably in combination with organic constituents, these are likely to be easily assimilated by human Bodies. Besides them, two toxic elements Ni and Cd were also found in insignificant amounts as these are likely to have originated from environmental contamination.

关键词： Nutritional Elements Herbs for General Problem

Outcome of surgical treatment of type Ⅳ capitellum frac- tures in adults

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2012年第4期15卷 201-205页

作者： Ajay pal singh Ish Kumar Dhammi Vipul Garg Arun pal singh Punjab Civil Medical Services-I Mukerian PunjabIn-dia Department of Orthopaedics UCMS&GTB HospitalDelhiIndia Swami Pramanand Hospital MukerianPunjabIndia

Objective： Fractures of the capitellum and trochlea constitute less than 1% of all elbow fractures and a shear fracture involving the capitellum and extending medially into most of the trochlea is rarely reported. Type Ⅳ capitellum fracture is still controversial in regard to its ra- diographic appearance, surgical approach and osteosynthesis. We report 10 cases of type Ⅳ capitellum fracture with a view to elucidating its clinical features and treatment outcome. Methods： We treated 10 patients of type Ⅳ capitellum fracture with a mean age of 32 years. A uniform surgical approach and postoperative rehabilitation were followed. Results： Nine patients presented to us after a mean of 4 days of injury and one patient was nonunion after 6 months of injury who had been treated conservatively by a bone setter. Double arc sign was absent in 6 cases. Intraopera- tively 6 capitellotrochlear fragments were devoid of soft tissue attachments. By Mayo Elbow Performance Score evaluation, 7 patients got excellent, 2 good and 1 fair results. One patient with associated elbow dislocation developed heterotopic ossification. There was no case of avascular necrosis, osteoarthrosis or fixation failures. Conclusions： Type Ⅳ capitellum fractures are rare and belong to complex articular injuries. A good functional out- come can only be achieved with open reduction and stable internal fixation followed by early mobilization. Preopera- tive radiographic assessment and computed tomography help surgeons in choosing the right surgical approach and implants. Good surgical technique and stable internal fixa- tion are the keys to early mobilization and good functional outcome.

关键词： Fractures, bone Elbow joint Fracture location, internal Bone wires

Secure Spread-Spectrum Watermarking for Telemedicine Applications

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Journal of Information Security 2011年第2期2卷 91-98页

作者： Basant Kumar Harsh Vikram singh Surya pal singh Anand Mohan Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Kamla Nehru Institute of Technology Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University

This paper presents a secure spread-spectrum watermarking algorithm for digital images in discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain. The algorithm is applied for embedding watermarks like patient identification /source identification or doctors signature in binary image format into host digital radiological image for potential telemedicine applications. Performance of the algorithm is analysed by varying the gain factor, subband decomposition levels, size of watermark, wavelet filters and medical image modalities. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves higher security and robustness against various attacks.

关键词： Watermarking Spread-Spectrum Discrete Wavelet Transform Telemedicine

Apicoplast Biosynthetic Pathways as Possible Targetsfor Combination Therapy of Malaria

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2015年第3期3卷 101-115页

作者： Solomon Tesfaye Bhanu Prakash Prati pal singh Center of Infectious Diseases Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education andResearch India

The emergence of malaria parasite strains resistant to practically all the antimalarial drugs in clinical use is now making itnecessary to discover and develop both new antimalarial drugs and treatments. Recent advances in molecular techniques along withthe availability of genome sequence ofPlasmodiumfalciparum may provide a wide range of novel targets in metabolic pathways likeisoprenoid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis and heme biosynthesis in the apicoplast of Plasmodiurn. On the other hand, thecombination therapy approach （currently used to retard the selection of parasite strains resistant to individual components of acombination of drugs） has proved to be a success in the combination of sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine, which targets two differentsteps in the folate pathway of malaria parasite. However, after the success of this therapeutic combination, the efficacy of othercombinations of drugs which target different enzymes in a particular metabolic pathway has, apparently, not been reported. Therefore,herein, we review various drug targets so far discovered in apicoplast-related anabolic pathways, especially, with a sharper focus onthe possibility to target more than one enzyme at a time in a particular metabolic pathway of malaria parasites.

关键词： Apicoplast, combination therapy, fatty acid, isoprenoid, malaria, Plasmodiumfalciparum.

An Overview and Comparative Evaluation of Head and Neck Cancer Risk Factors in India and Australia

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2018年第5期7卷 254-267页

作者： Satinder pal singh Robert Eisenberg Gary Hoffman Department of Otolaryngology & Head Neck Surgery Swift Hospital Amritsar India Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery John Hunter Hospital Newcastle Australia Department of Oral Maxillo Facial Surgery John Hunter Hospital Newcastle Australia

Aim: An overview and comparative evaluation of head and neck cancer risk factors in India and Australia. Method: In this review we included articles with information on head and neck cancer risk factors and its association based on: smoking tobacco, alcohol, smokeless tobacco, betel nut and areca nut chewing, viral infection like HPV, dental hygiene, diet, family history, socioeconomic status, other heavy metals and systemic conditions. Articles with clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were excluded. Results: Head and neck cancer in India has different demographic, risk factors, dietary habits, personal and family history. Oral cancer is more common amongst all head and neck squamous cell cancers in males. This is mainly attributed with consumption of a variety of smokeless tobacco, smoking, alcohol, poverty, illiteracy, cultural, advanced stage at presentation;lack of good treatment infrastructure creates main challenge to India as compared to Australia. Conclusion: The knowledge about risk factors for HNC in public health education for general population supports health promotion and tobacco prevention, which is the main aim of the programs started by the government, as head and neck cancers are potentially preventable.

关键词： Head and Neck Cancer Oral Cavity Oropharynx Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco Alcohol HPV Oral Hygiene Other Risk Factors

Development of Non-Labeled QCM Biosensor for the Detection of <i>β</i>-Galactosidase: A Comparative Study of Gold and Polystyrene Nanoparticles

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Advances in Nanoparticles 2013年第2期2卷 182-190页

作者： Krishna pal singh Manav Kumar Choudhary Iva Chianella Prashant singh Cranfield Biotechnology Centre Cranfield Health Cranfield University Bedfordshire England Department of Chemistry D.A.V. (PG) College Dehradun H.N.B. Garhwal University Srinagar India Membrane Biophysics & Nanobiosensor Research Laboratory C.B.S H G. B. Pant University of Agriculture& Technology Pantnagar India

The performance of gold and polystyrene nanoparticles was investigated using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as sensor platform;β-Galactosidase antibody with corresponding antigen was utilized for the immunoreaction. The development of the immunosensor included: 1) formation of self assembled monolayers on quartz crystals;2a) immobilization of p-aminothiophenol functionalized gold nanoparticles on carboxyl-terminated self assembled monolayer, or 2b) immobilization of polystyrene nanoparticles on crystals modified with p-aminothiophenol self assembled monolayer;3) attachment of monoclonal anti β-Gal on nanoparticles;and 4) detection of target analyte. The nanoparticles used were synthesized in house and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed that antibodies were strongly attached to functionalized gold nanoparticles;the weaker immobilization of antibodies to polystyrene nanoparticles provoked their detachment during antigen detection. When cross reactivity of polystyrene nanoparticles was checked using a different antigen (Brucella), displacement of antibody was not recorded, demonstrating specificity of the reaction. To the best of our knowledge this is the first direct comparison between behaviors of biosensors developed with two commonly used nanoparticles. The results showed that both nanoparticles produced biosensors capable to detect β-Gal. Nevertheless biosensors developed using polystyrene nanoparticles are simpler, cheaper and more eco-friendly than those developed using gold nanoparticles.

关键词： QCM Biosensor β-Galactosidase Gold Nanoparticle Polystyrene Nanoparticle

SCHS: Smart Cluster Head Selection Scheme for Clustering Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks

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Wireless Sensor Network 2012年第11期4卷 273-280页

作者： Vipin pal Girdhari singh Rajender Prasad Yadav Computer Engineering Department Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India Vice-Chancellor Rajasthan Technical University Kota India

Wireless sensor networks are energy constraint networks. Energy efficiency, to prolong the network for a longer time is critical issue for wireless sensor network protocols. Clustering protocols are energy efficient approaches to extend the lifetime of network. Intra-cluster communication is the main driving factor for energy efficiency of clustering protocols. Intra-cluster energy consumption depends upon the position of cluster head in the cluster. Wrongly positioned clusters head make cluster more energy consuming. In this paper, a simple and efficient cluster head selection scheme is proposed, named Smart Cluster Head Selection (SCHS). It can be implemented with any distributed clustering approach. In SCHS, the area is divided into two parts: border area and inner area. Only inner area nodes are eligible for cluster head role. SCHS reduces the intra-cluster communication distance hence improves the energy efficiency of cluster. The simulation results show that SCHS has significant improvement over LEACH in terms of lifetime of network and data units gathered at base station.

关键词： Wireless Sensor Network Clustering Energy Efficiency Intra-Cluster Communication