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The cochlear implant and possibilities for narrowing the remaining gaps between prosthetic and normal hearing

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery 2017年第4期3卷 200-210页

作者： blake s.wilson Department of surgery Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University Durham NC USA Division of Head and Neck surgery and Communication sciences Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

Background:The cochlear implant has become the standard of care for severe or worse losses in hearing and indeed has produced the first substantial restoration of a lost or absent human sense using a medical ***,the devices are not perfect and many efforts to narrow the remaining gaps between prosthetic and normal hearing are ***:To assess the present status of cochlear implants and to describe possibilities for improving ***:The present-day devices work well in quiet conditions for the great majority of ***,not all users have high levels of speech reception in quiet and nearly all users struggle with speech reception in typically noisy acoustic *** addition,perception of sounds more complex than speech,such as most music,is generally poor unless residual hearing at low frequencies can be stimulated acoustically in conjunction with the electrical stimuli provided by the *** for improving the present devices include increasing the spatial specificity of neural excitation by reducing masking effects or with new stimulus modes;prudent pruning of interfering or otherwise detrimental electrodes from the stimulation map;a further relaxation in the criteria for implant candidacy,based on recent evidence from persons with high levels of residual hearing and to allow many more people to benefit from cochlear implants;and 'top down' or 'brain centric' approaches to implant designs and ***:Progress in the development of the cochlear implant and related treatments has been remarkable but room remains for *** future looks bright as there are multiple promising possibilities for improvements and many talented teams are pursuing them.

关键词： Auditory prosthesis Cochlear implant Cochlear prosthesis Deafness Neural prosthesis

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A modular microfluidic platform to study how fluid shear stress alters estrogen receptor phenotype in ER+breast cancer cells

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 287-299页

作者： Braulio Andrés Ortega Quesada Jonathan Cuccia Rachael Coates blake Nassar Ethan Littlefield Elizabeth C.Martin Adam T.Melvin Cain Department of Chemical Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Biological and Agricultural Engineering Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Department Medicine Section Hematology and Medical OncologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70118USA

Metastatic breast cancer leads to poor prognoses and worse outcomes in patients due to its invasive behavior and poor response to *** is still unclear what biophysical and biochemical factors drive this more aggressive phenotype in metastatic cancer;however recent studies have suggested that exposure to fluid shear stress in the vasculature could cause *** this study a modular microfluidic platform capable of mimicking the magnitude of fluid shear stress(Fss)found in human vasculature was designed and *** device provides a platform to evaluate the effects of Fss on MCF-7 cell line,an estrogen receptor positive(ER+)breast cancer cell line,during circulation in the *** of the effects of Fss on MCF-7 cells was carried out utilizing two approaches:single cell analysis and bulk *** single cell analysis,cells were trapped in a microarray after exiting the serpentine channel and followed by immunostaining on the device(on-chip).Bulk analysis was performed after cells were collected in a microtube at the outlet of the microfluidic serpentine channel for western blotting(off-chip).It was found that cells exposed to an Fss magnitude of 10 dyn/cm^(2) with a residence time of 60 s enhanced expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 in the MCF-7 cell line at a single cell *** understand possible mechanisms for enhanced Ki67 expression,on-chip and off-chip analyses were performed for pro-growth and survival pathways ERK,AKT,and JAK/*** demonstrated that after shearing the cells phosphorylation of p-AKT,p-mTOR,and p-sTAT3 were ***,there was no change in p-ERK1/*** is a mediator of ER rapid signaling,analysis of phosphorylated ERαwas carried out and no significant differences between sheared and non-sheared populations were *** together these results demonstrate that Fss can increase phosphorylation of proteins associated with a more aggressive phenotype in circulating cancer *** findin

关键词： fluid breast estrogen

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Enhancement of THz generation in LiNbO_(3) waveguides via multi-bounce velocity matching

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Light(science & Applications) 2022年第12期11卷 2994-3001页

作者： blake s.Dastrup Eric R.sung Frank Wulf Clara saraceno Keith A.Nelson Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Ruhr University BochumBochum 44801Germany

To realize the full promise of terahertz polaritonics(waveguide-based terahertz field generation,interaction,and readout)as a viable spectroscopy platform,much stronger terahertz fields are needed to enable nonlinear and even robust linear terahertz *** use a novel geometric approach in which the optical pump is totally internally reflected to increase the distance over which optical rectification *** matching is achieved by tuning the angle of internal *** doing this,we are able to enhance terahertz spectral amplitude by over 10x compared to conventional single-pass terahertz *** analysis of the depletion mechanisms reveals that 3-photon absorption and divergence of the pump beam are the primary limiters of further *** level of enhancement is promising for enabling routine spectroscopic measurements in an integrated fashion and is made more encouraging by the prospect of further enhancement by using longer pump wavelengths.

关键词： pump waveguide tuning

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Using physiological conditions to assess current and future habitat use of a subarctic frog

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 2-14页

作者： Thomas P.HAsTINGs blake R.HOssACK LeeAnn FIsHBACK Jon M.DAVENPORT Department of Biology Appalachian State UniversityBooneNorth CarolinaUSA U.s.Geological survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science Centerand Wildlife Biology ProgramW.A.Franke College of Forestry&ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA Churchill Northern studies Centre ChurchillManitobaCanada

species with especially close dependence on the environment to meet physiological requirements,such as ectotherms,are highly susceptible to the impacts of climate *** change is occurring rapidly in the subarctic and Arctic,but there is limited knowledge on ectotherm physiology in these *** investigated how environmental conditions and habitat characteristics inﬂuence the physiological conditions and habitat use of wood frogs(Rana sylvatica)in a subarctic landscape near Churchill,Manitoba(Canada).We used plaster models to estimate water loss rates and surface body temperatures among different habitat types and at speciﬁc locations used by radio-tracked *** loss(R2=0.67)and surface temperature(R2=0.80)of plaster models was similar to that of live ***-based water loss rates were greater in tundra habitat than in boreal forest and ecotone *** use of wood frogs was strongly tied with available surface moisture and decreased water loss rates that were observed with plaster *** conditions,such as wind speed and ground tem-perature,explained 58%and 91%of the variation in water balance and temperature of plaster *** physiological conditions may be challenging for semi-aquatic ectotherms in environments vulnerable to future cli-mate *** ability to predict physiological conditions based on environmental conditions,as demonstrated in our study,can help understand how wildlife will respond to climatic changes.

关键词： Arctic climate change landscape physiology water balance wood frog

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Integrative multi-omics and systems bioinformatics in translational neuroscience:A data mining perspective

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药物分析学报:英文版 2023年第8期13卷 836-850页

作者： Lance M.O'Connor blake A.O'Connor su Bin Lim Jialiu Zeng Chih Hung Lo College of Biological sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA school of Pharmacy University of WisconsinMadisonWI53705USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon16499South Korea Lee Kong Chian school of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore308232Singapore

Bioinformatic analysis of large and complex omics datasets has become increasingly useful in modern day biology by providing a great depth of information,with its application to neuroscience termed *** mining of omics datasets has enabled the generation of new hypotheses based on differentially regulated biological molecules associated with disease mechanisms,which can be tested experimentally for improved diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of neurodegenerative ***,integrating multi-omics data using a systems bioinformatics approach will advance the understanding of the layered and interactive network of biological regulation that exchanges systemic knowledge to facilitate the development of a comprehensive human brain *** this review,we first summarize data mining studies utilizing datasets from the individual type of omics analysis,including epigenetics/epigenomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,lipidomics,and spatial omics,pertaining to Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,and multiple *** then discuss multi-omics integration approaches,including independent biological integration and unsupervised integration methods,for more intuitive and informative interpretation of the biological data obtained across different omics *** further assess studies that integrate multi-omics in data mining which provide convoluted biological insights and offer proof-of-concept proposition towards systems bioinformatics in the reconstruction of brain ***,we recommend a combination of high dimensional bioinformatics analysis with experimental validation to achieve translational neuroscience applications including biomarker discovery,therapeutic development,and elucidation of disease *** conclude by providing future perspectives and opportunities in applying integrative multi-omics and systems bioinformatics to achieve precision phenotyping of neurodegenerative diseases and towards personaliz

关键词： Multi-omics integration systems bioinformatics Data mining Human brain profile reconstruction Translational neuroscience

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Testing whether adrenal steroids mediate phenotypic and physiologic effects of elevated salinity on larval tiger salamanders

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 27-44页

作者： Brian J.TORNABENE Erica J.CREsPI Creagh W.BREUNER blake R.HOssACK Wildlife Biology Program W.A.Franke College of Forestry&ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA school of Biological sciences Center for Reproductive SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA U.s.Geological survey Northern Rocky Mountain Science CenterMissoulaMontanaUSA

salinity(sodium chloride,NaCl)from anthropogenic sources is a persistent contaminant that negatively affects freshwater *** can be susceptible to salinity,but some species are innately or adaptively *** mechanisms mediating tolerance to salinity are still unclear,but changes in osmoregulatory hor-mones such as corticosterone(CORT)and aldosterone(ALDO)are prime *** exposed larval barred tiger salamanders(Ambystoma mavortium)to environmentally relevant NaCl treatments(s to test effects on growth,survival,and waterborne CORT *** those sampled,we also quantiﬁed waterborne ALDO from a *** a glucocorticoid antagonist(RU486),we also experimentally suppressed CORT signaling of some larvae to determine if CORT mediates effects of *** were no strong differ-ences in survival among salinity treatments,but salinity reduced dry mass,snout–vent length,and body condition while increasing water content of *** survival and sublethal effects demonstrated that salamanders were physiologically challenged but could tolerate the experimental *** signaling did not attenuate sublethal effects of *** and stress-induced(after an acute stressor,shaking)CORT were not inﬂu-enced by *** was correlated with baseline CORT,suggesting it could be difﬁcult to decouple the roles of CORT and *** studies comparing ALDO and CORT responses of adaptively tolerant and previously unexposed populations could be beneﬁcial to understand the roles of these hormones in tolerance to ***-ertheless,our study enhances our understanding of the roles of corticosteroid hormones in mediating effects of a prominent anthropogenic stressor.

关键词： caudate conservation physiology glucocorticoids sodium chloride tolerance

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Response to osimertinib in a colorectal cancer patient with an EGFR T790M mutation: A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2023年第10期15卷 1829-1834页

作者： blake Buzard Lindsey Douglass Beth Gustafson Jennifer Buckley Marc Roth Lara Kujtan Dhruv Bansal Cancer Institute St.Luke's HospitalKansasMO 64111United States Department of Medical Oncology University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansasMO 64108United States Department of Hematology/Oncology St.Luke's Cancer InstituteKansasMO 64111United States

BACKGROUND Although common in lung cancer,somatic epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)mutations are rarely found in colorectal cancer,occurring in approximately 3%of *** with anti-EGFR antibodies is commonplace,but EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors are not standard treatments in colorectal *** we report a case of sustained response to osimertinib in a colorectal cancer patient with an EGFR T790M mutation on cell-free DNA *** sUMMARY A 72-year old woman with a past medical history of post-polio syndrome confined to a wheelchair,scoliosis and hypothyroidism presented with metastatic sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma with hepatic *** generation sequencing revealed a RAs/RAF wild-type,microsatellite stable,PD-L1 negative *** in TP3 and APC were also identified,as well as EGFR ***-free DNA analysis revealed an EGFR T790M *** was unable to tolerate first-line treatment with panitumumab,5-fluorouracil and leucovorin,progressed on second-line treatment with trifluridine/tipiracil plus bevacizumab,and was unable to tolerate third-line treatment with *** was started on fourth-line treatment with off-label osimertinib,with clinical response–decrease in size of hepatic metastases and a pericardial *** remained on treatment with osimertinib for seven *** This case shows the benefit of multi-gene sequencing assays to identify potential therapeutic options in patients with refractory disease.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Osimertinib Epidermal growth factor receptor T790M Precision oncology Tyrosine kinase inhibitor Case report

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2022年第4期32卷 589-604页

作者： FENG Huihui DING Ying ZOU Bin COHEN Jason blake YE shuchao YANG Zhuolin QIN Kai LIU Lei GU Xiaodong school of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring of Chinese Ministry of Education Changsha 410083China school of Atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China school of Environment science and spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116JiangsuChina College of Earth and Environmental sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Guangzhou Center for Rule of Green Development Law studies Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhou 510420China southern Marine science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

Vegetation plays an important role in the dry deposition of particles with significant spatial variability,but the magnitude remains unclear at the global *** the aid of satellite products,this study estimated the vegetation-related dry deposition of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Methodologically,dry deposition was first calculated using an empirical ***,deposition on the leaf surface was estimated to evaluate the influence of *** results showed that the mean deposition velocity(V_(d))of global PM_(2.5)was 0.91×10^(-3)μg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),with high velocities observed in sparsely vegetated regions because of the high friction *** the combined effect of the PM_(2.5)mass concentration and deposition velocity,the global mean dry deposition reached 0.47 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1).Global vegetation absorbed 0.26 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1)from PM_(2.5)pollution sources,contributing 54.98%of the total dry ***,vegetation-related dry deposition was high in the Amazon,Central Africa and East China due to dense vegetation coverage or serious ***,the increasing trends were mainly in Central Africa and India because of worsening air *** results of this study helped to clarify the impact of vegetation on air pollution,which supported related land management and planning for air quality improvement.

关键词： air pollution PM_(2.5) dry deposition vegetation change globe satellite

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Nanostructure and thermal power of highly-textured and single-crystal-like Bi_(2)Te_(3) thin films

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2382-2390页

作者： Heng Zhang Jamo Momand Joshua Levinsky Qikai Guo Xiaotian Zhu Gert H ten Brink Graeme R.blake George Palasantzas Bart J.Kooi Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AG GroningenThe Netherlands

Bi_(2)Te_(3)-based alloys are known to have outstanding thermoelectric *** structure–property relations have been studied,still,detailed analysis of the atomic and nano-scale structure of Bi_(2)Te_(3)thin film in relation to their thermoelectric properties remains poorly ***,highly-textured(HT)and single-crystal-like(sCL)Bi_(2)Te_(3)films have been grown using pulsed laser deposition(PLD)on si wafer covered with(native or thermal)siOx and mica *** films are highly textured with c-axis out-of-plane,but the in-plane orientation is random for the films grown on oxide and single-crystal-like for the ones grown on *** power factor of the film on thermal oxide is about four times higher(56.8μW·cm^(−1)·K^(−2))than that of the film on mica(12.8μW·cm^(−1)·K^(−2)),which is comparable to the one of the polycrystalline ingot at room temperature(RT).Reduced electron scattering in the textured thin films results in high electrical conductivity,where the sCL film shows the highest ***,its seebeck coefficient shows a low *** measured properties are correlated with the atomic structure details unveiled by scanning transmission electron *** instance,the high concentration of stacking defects observed in the HT film is considered responsible for the increase of seebeck coefficient compared to the sCL *** study demonstrates the influence of nanoscale structural effects on thermoelectric properties,which sheds light on tailoring thermoelectric thin films towards high performance.

关键词： Bi_(2)Te_(3)films highly-textured structure single-crystal-like structure thermoelectric properties pulsed laser deposition

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Prevalence of vitreous floaters in a community sample of smartphone users

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第3期6卷 402-405页

作者： blake F. Webb Jadon R. Webb Mary C. schroeder Carol s. North Texas Tech University Health sciences Center Texas Tech University Child study Center Yale University Department of Pharmacy Practice and science University of Iowa Department of Psychiatry UT Southwestern

AIM: To estimate the prevalence and risk factors for vitreous floaters in the general population. ·METHODs: An electronic survey was administered through a smartphone app asking various demographic and health questions, including whether users experience floaters in their field of vision. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors. ·REsULTs: A total of 603 individuals completed the survey, with 76% reporting that they see floaters, and 33% reporting that floaters caused noticeable impairment in vision. Myopes were 3.5 times more likely (P =0.0004), and hyperopes 4.4 times more likely (P =0.0069) to report moderate to severe floaters compared to those with normal vision. Floater prevalence was not significantly affected by respondent age, race, gender, and eye color. ·CONCLUsION: Vitreous floaters were found to be a very common phenomenon in this non -clinical general population sample, and more likely to be impairing in myopes and hyperopes.

关键词： vitreous floaters myopia survey floaters age

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