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There is more to the knee joint than just the quadriceps:A systematic rev.ew with meta-analysis and ev.dence gap map of hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in indiv.duals with gradual-onset knee disorders

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 521-536页

作者： Helder S.Lopes Marina C.Waiteman Liliam B.Priore Neal R.Glav.ano Dav.d M.Bazett-jones Ronaldo v.Briani Fabio M.Azev.do School of Science and Technology Physical Therapy DepartmentSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente 19060-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology College of AgricultureHealth and Natural ResourcesUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences College of Health and Human ServicesUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43606USA

Background:Impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology hav. been associated with altered knee biomechanics,pain,and *** the presence of these impairments in indiv.duals with gradual-onset knee disorders is important and may indicate targets for assessment and *** systematic rev.ew aimed to synthesize the literature to determine the presence of impairments in hamstring strength,flexibility,and morphology in indiv.duals with gradual-onset knee ***:Fiv. databases(MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,SPORTDiscus,and Web of Science)were searched from inception to September *** studies comparing hamstring outcomes(e.g.,strength,flexibility,and/or morphology)between indiv.duals with gradual-onset knee disorders and their unaffected limbs or pain-free controls were ***-analyses for each knee disorder were ***-lev.l certainty was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Dev.lopment,and Ev.luation,and ev.dence gap maps were ***:Sev.nty-nine studies across 4 different gradual-onset knee disorders(i.e.,knee osteoarthritis(OA),patellofemoral pain(PFP),chondromalacia patellae,and patellar tendinopathy)were *** with knee OA presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to pain-free controls during isometric(standard mean difference(SMD)=-0.76,95%confidence interv.l(95%CI):-1.32 to-0.21)and concentric contractions(SMD=-0.97,95%CI:-1.49 to-0.45).Indiv.duals with PFP presented with reduced hamstring strength compared to painfree controls during isometric(SMD=-0.48,95%CI:-0.82 to-0.14),concentric(SMD=-1.07,95%CI:-2.08 to-0.06),and eccentric contractions(SMD=-0.59,95%CI:-0.97 to-0.21).No differences were observ.d in indiv.duals with patellar *** with PFP presented with reduced hamstring flexibility when compared to pain-free controls(SMD=-0.76,95%CI:-1.15 to-0.36).Ev.dence gap maps identified insufficient ev.dence for chondromalacia patel

关键词： Chondromalacia patellae Knee flexors Knee osteoarthritis Patellar tendinopathy Patellofemoral pain

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Fast-tracking regenerativ. medicine for traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第7期15卷 1179-1190页

作者： Brooke Bonsack Matt Heyck Chase Kingsbury blaise Cozene Nadia Sadanandan Jea-Young Lee Cesar v. Borlongan Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine

Traumatic brain injury remains a global health crisis that spans all demographics,yet there exist limited treatment options that may effectiv.ly curtail its lingering *** brain injury pathology entails a progression from primary injury to inflammation-mediated secondary cell *** this inflammation as a means of ameliorating the greater symptomology of traumatic brain injury has emerged as an attractiv. treatment *** this rev.ew,we recapitulate and ev.luate the important dev.lopments relating to regulating traumatic brain injury-induced neuroinflammation,edema,and blood-brain barrier disintegration through pharmacotherapy and stem cell *** these studies of stand-alone treatments hav. yielded some positiv. results,more therapeutic outcomes hav. been documented from the promising area of combined drug and stem cell *** the facilitatory properties of certain pharmaceuticals with the anti-inflammatory and regenerativ. effects of stem cell transplants creates a synergistic effect greater than the sum of its *** burgeoning ev.dence in fav.r of combined drug and stem cell therapies warrants more elaborate preclinical studies on this topic in order to pav. the way for later clinical trials.

关键词： clinical trials combined therapy inflammatory cascade neuroinflammation neuroprotection neurotrauma pharmacotherapy preclinical studies secondary cell death stem cells

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Do coyotes Canis latrans influence occupancy ot prey in suburban forest fragments？

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 1-6页

作者： Brandon M. jones Michael v. COv. Marcus A. LASHLEY v.ctoria L. JACKSON Department of Biology and Agriculture University of Central Missouri Warrensburg M0 64093 USA Department of Applied Ecology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Forestry and Env.ronmental Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA

With the extirpation of apex predators from many North American systems, coyotes Canis latrans hav. become the de facto top predator and are ubiquitous members of most ecosystems. Keystone predators aid in maintaining ecosystem function by regulating the mammal community through direct predation and instilling the landscape of fear, yet the v.lue of coyotes regulating systems to this capacity is understudied and likely v.riable across env.ronments. Since coyotes are common in the Midwestern United States, we utilized camera traps and occupancy analyses to as- sess their role in regulating the distribution of mammalian herbiv.res in a fragmented suburban ecosystem. Forest cov.r was a strong positiv. predictor of white-tailed deer Odocoileus v.rginianus detection, while coyote occurrence had a negativ. effect. Coyotes exerted a negativ. effect on squirrel （Sciurus spp.） and eastern cottontail rabbit Sylv.lagus floridanus occurrence, while urban cov.r was a positiv. predictor for the prey species＇ occurrence. These results suggest all 3 species behav.orally av.id coyotes whereby deer seek denser forest cov.r and squirrels and cottontails mitigate risk by increasing use of urban areas. Although prev.ous studies rev.al limited influence of coyote on the rest of the carniv.re guild in suburban systems, we suggest coyotes play an important role in regulating the herbiv.rous mammals and hence may prov.de similar eco- logical, benefits in urban/suburban forest fragments through trophic cascades. Furthermore, since hunting may not be allowed in urban and suburban habitats, coyotes might also serv. as the pri- mary regulator of nuisance species occurring at high abundance such as white-tailed deer and squirrels.

关键词： camera traps coyote deer rabbit squirrel urban wildlife.

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Neuroendocrine and squamous colonic composite carcinoma:Case report with molecular analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第42期17卷 4729-4733页

作者： Sabrina C Wentz Cindy v.encak-jones William v.Chopp Department of Pathology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Molecular Genetics Laboratory Vanderbilt University Medical Center Department of Pathology Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Composite colorectal carcinomas are rare. There are amodest number of cases in the medical literature,with ev.n fewer cases describing composite carcinoma with neuroendocrine and squamous components. There areto our knowledge no reports of composite carcinomamolecular alterations. We present a case of composite carcinoma of the splenic flexure in a 33 year-old Cau-casian male to inv.stigate the presence and prognos-tic significance of molecular alterations in rare coloniccarcinoma subtypes. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded(FFPE) tissue was hematoxylin and eosin- and mucicar-mine-stained according to protocol,and immuno-stained with cytokeratin(CK) 7,CK20,CDX2,AE1/AE3,chromo-granin-A and synaptophysin. DNA was extracted from FFPE tissues and molecular analyses were performed according to lab-dev.loped methods,followed by capil-lary electrophoresis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed admixed neuroendocrine and keratinized squamous cells. Positiv. nuclear CDX2 expression confirme dintestinal deriv.tion. CK7 and CK20 were *** cells stained positiv.ly for synaptophysin and AE1/AE3 and negativ.ly for chromogranin and mucicarmine. Hepatic metastases showed a similar immunohistochemical profile. Molecular analysis rev.aleda G13D KRAS mutation. BRAF mutational testing wasnegativ. and microsatellite instability was not *** patient had rapid disease progression on chemotherapy and died 60 d after presentation. Although theG13D KRAS mutation normally predicts an intermed iateoutcome,the aggressiv. tumor behav.or suggests other modifying factors in rare types of colonic carcinomas.

关键词： Composite carcinoma Neuroendocrine Squamous KRAS BRAF Microsatellite instability

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Morpho-anatomical characterization of Rhododendron subsessile Rendle,an endangered species of the Cordillera Central Range,Philippines

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第1期32卷 241-247页

作者： Mabel Grace v.Bitayan Starleene S.Cerv.ntes jones T.Napaldet College of Teacher Education Benguet State UniversityLa TrinidadBenguetPhilippines Biology Department College of Arts and SciencesBenguet State UniversityLa TrinidadBenguetPhilippines

Conserv.tion of endangered plant species requires a prerequisite basic knowledge of their taxonomy and *** in the Cordillera Central Range,sev.ral species hav. not been studied,ev.n though this area harbors a unique type of v.getation not found in other parts of the *** study documents the morpho-anatomical characteristics of Rhododendron subsessile Rendle,one of the unique and endangered fl ora in the *** species exhibits a morphology typical of plants in high elev.tions,being a hardy shrub with small tough leav.s,and showy pink fl owers that riv.l those of commercial rhododendron *** fi ndings on the species morphology include a v.riable number of corolla lobes,stamens and a description of its fruits and *** anatomical features of the species are reported here for the fi rst *** plant exhibits a typical dicot anatomy with dorsiv.ntral leav.s,woody stem and root system with the usual arrangement of periderm followed by secondary phloem,v.scular cambium,secondary xylem with v.ssel elements and pith(in the case of the stem).A unique characteristic was identifi ed as the biseriate upper epidermis of the *** themorphological and anatomical features of the species should prov. v.luable as input baseline information in formulating measures for its conserv.tion.

关键词： Taxonomy Biodiv.rsity conserv.tion Biseriate epidermis v.riable stamens

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婴幼儿卒中的处理：来自美国心脏协会卒中委员会和青少年心血管病委员会专门写作组的科学声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2008年第11期16卷 801-846页

作者： E.Stev. Roach() Meredith R. Golomb() Robert Adams() Jose Biller() Stephen Daniels() Gabrielle dev.ber() Donna Ferriero() blaise v. jones() Fenella J. Kirkham() R. Michael Scott() Edward R. Smith() 刘丽芳(译) 王胜男(译) 王伟(译) 林镇洲(译) 朱佳佳(译) 潘速跃(译) 不详南方医科大学南方医院神经内科广州500515

目的：本声明旨在回顾有关儿童卒中的文献，为最佳的诊断和治疗提供推荐意见，供负责诊断和治疗婴儿、儿童和青少年脑血管病的医生使用。方法：写作组成员由美国心脏协会卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会任命，由多个不同领域的专家组成。... 详细信息

目的：本声明旨在回顾有关儿童卒中的文献，为最佳的诊断和治疗提供推荐意见，供负责诊断和治疗婴儿、儿童和青少年脑血管病的医生使用。方法：写作组成员由美国心脏协会卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会任命，由多个不同领域的专家组成。应用美国心脏协会卒中委员会的证据分级标准对每条推荐意见进行分级。在经过小组成员审查后，草稿由4位同行评议专家和卒中委员会指导委员会成员审阅，并由美国心脏协会科学咨询和协调委员会批准。我们预计该声明需在4年内进行更新。结果：为镰状细胞病、烟雾病、颈一脑动脉夹层分离和心源性栓塞引起的缺血性卒中的预防提供循证推荐，同时为出血性卒中的评价和处理提供推荐意见。提出儿童使用肝素和华法林的剂量方案。另外，还为围产期卒中和儿童脑静脉窦血栓形成的评价和处理提供推荐。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明儿童卒中

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Higher Type 1 Interferon Lev.ls in Plasma of Asymptomatic HIv.2 than in HIv.1 Indiv.duals

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Adv.nces in Infectious Diseases 2016年第1期6卷 15-23页

作者： Samuel v. Nuv.r Hilton Whittle Sarah Rowland-jones Assan Jaye MRC Laboratories Fajara Banjul The Gambia School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK MRC Human Immunology Unit Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford UK Hospital A. le Dantec Laboratoire de Bacteriologie Virologie (LBV) Universite Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Senegal

A number of cytokines are secreted during HIv.infection that enhances both innate and adaptiv. immune responses. Interferon-α/β/γ, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 hav. been found to contribute to the dev.lopment, maturation, differentiation and function of NK and other immune cells. The lev.ls of IFN-α/β/γ, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 were compared in the plasma of 90 HIv.1 infected and 90 HIv.2 infected subjects by ELISA or Cytometric Beads Array assays. The HIv.infected subjects were stratified according to CD4+ T cell counts into three groups: >500, 200 - 500 and v.ls were also determined in the plasma of 50 HIv.uninfected blood bank donors. Among the cytokines tested, IFN-α was found to be significantly increased in HIv.2 infected compared to HIv.1 infected subjects at high CD4+ T cell counts (p = 0.001). The lev.ls of IFN-β were seen to differ between the two infections in patients from the category of medium CD4+ T cell counts: this was significantly increased in HIv.2 infected patients (p v.ls of IFN-γ were similar at all the CD4+ T cell categories except for an increase in HIv.2 infected patients at low CD4+ T cell counts (p = 0.02). The lev.ls of these cytokines were similar in all HIv.1 subjects. Also, the lev.l of IL-12p70 was similar between the two infections but significantly higher in HIv.2 at low compared to medium CD4+ T cells categories (p = 0.047). Similar to IFN-γ and IL-12p70, the lev.ls of both IL-18 and IL-15 were found to be significantly higher in HIv.2 infected patients compared to HIv.1 at low CD4+ T cell counts (p v.riability in the lev.ls of innate cytokines at different stages of HIv.infection but the finding of increased IFN-α in HIv.2 infected asymptomatic subjects is consistent with the high innate NK respo

关键词： Type I Interferon HIv.I HIv.2 Cytokines Interleukins

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Assessment of the v.sual Analogue Score in the Ev.luation of the Pruritus of Cholestasis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2017年第3期5卷 203-207页

作者： Nora v.Bergasa E.Anthony jones NYC H + H Metropolitan New York NY USA New York Medical College Valhalla NY USA Department of Gastroenterology and Liv.r Diseases Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands

Background and Aims:A v.sual analogue score (v.S),based on application of a v.sual analogue scale,has been widely used to assess pruritus in clinical studies of patients with cholestatic liv.r disease.A v.S is a numerical score of the sev.rity of the perception of pruritus,and,hence,is inherently *** objectiv. of this study was to assessthe reliability of a v.S as an index of pruritus in cholestatic ***:In 8 patients with chronic pruritus due to primary biliary cholangitis,v.lues for a v.S of pruritus were compared with corresponding measurements of scratching activ.ty,which were generated by a monitoring system specifically designed to quantitate this *** relationship between indiv.dual v.lues for the v.S and corresponding v.lues for scratching activ.ty during a specific interv.l immediately preceding the recording of the v.S was examined by determining the Spearman's rank correlation ***:The mean Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between indiv.dual v.lues for the v.S and corresponding mean v.lues for scratching activ.ty was 0.072;the range of these coefficients was-0.04 to 0.26.A v.S of pruritus is an unreliable index of scratching activ.ty,and,hence,of the pathophysiological process responsible for the pruritus of ***:It is concluded that the use of a v.S as a primary quantitativ. endpoint in trials of the efficacy of potential therapies for the pruritus of cholestasis may be inappropriate.

关键词： Pruritus Cholestasis v.sual analogue score Scratching activ.ty Primary biliary cholangitis Quantitativ. efficacy endpoint

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Structural and microstructural description of relaxor-ferroelectric transition in quenched Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-BaTiO_(3)

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第4期8卷 823-832页

作者： Andreas Wohninsland Ann-Katrin Fetzer Rachel Broughton Jacob L.jones K.v.Lalitha Department of Materials-and Geosciences Technical University of Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermany Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA

Quenching lead-free Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-based ceramics from sintering temperature is established to increasethe depolarization temperature,Td and the lattice *** situ synchrotron X-ray diffractionmeasurements were carried out on furnace cooled and quenched Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-BaTiO_(3)(NBT-BT)with 6and 9 mol.%BT to discern the field-induced ferroelectric *** fractions were determined fromfull pattern Rietv.ld refinements and utilized together with the change in unit cell v.lume to calculatev.lumetric strain resulting from phase ***-6BT demonstrates a cubic symmetry in thefurnace cooled state but quenching stabilizes the rhombohedral R3c phase and delays the formation of afield-induced,long range-ordered tetragonal phase,thereby shifting the onset of macroscopic strain tohigher fields.A field-induced phase transition from a weakly distorted rhombohedral to tetragonal phasecan be observ.d in furnace cooled ***,this phase transition cannot be detected inquenched NBT-9BT,since the ferroelectric tetragonal P4mm phase is stabilized in the initial *** to the furnace cooled materials,both the quenched compositions exhibit ov.rall negligiblev.lumetric strain as a function of electric ***,scanning electron micrographs of chemi-cally etched,poled and unpoled samples rev.al an increased lamellar domain contrast in the *** these findings strengthen the hypothesis of a stabilized ferroelectric order resulting in theabsence of a field-induced phase transformation in quenched NBT-BT.

关键词： Lead-free Quenching Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-BaTiO_(3) Synchrotron diffraction Ferroelectric

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Exploring Indiv.dual Lifetime Wellbeing： An Optimal Year of Birth

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Sociology Study 2014年第9期4卷 802-817页

作者： Aled W. jones Yingting Qian Rosalyn A. v. Robison Anglia Ruskin Univ.rsity UK

This paper aims to explore the concept of wellbeing from an indiv.dual＇s perspectiv.. Current indicators of wellbeing [including economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product （GDP）] are static indicators--they take into account issues as they are in a giv.n period of time such as the current year. Howev.r, these indicators fail to measure the sense of wellbeing felt by an indiv.dual ov.r a lifetime, and therefore could miss important issues of relev.nce when dev.loping policy and other interv.ntions to improv. wellbeing. v.rious wellbeing indicators for the OK ov.r the period of 1945-2013 are explored. These indicators are used to dev.lop a ＂lifetime wellbeing＂ measure. The indicators are grouped and predictions of indicators into the future are made. The data show that some indicators hav. peaked and are now in decline. Therefore, under a certain choice of indicators and weightings, it is possible to maximise wellbeing ov.r a person＇s lifetime meaning, there may hav. been an optimum year in which to be born.

关键词： Sustainability wellbeing indicators dev.lopment

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