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Gut microbiota and COVID-19: An intriguing pediatric perspective

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第23期10卷 8076-8087页

作者： maria Sole Valentino Claudia Esposito Simone colosimo Angela maria Caprio Simona Puzone StefanoGuarino Pierluigi Marzuillo Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice Anna Di Sessa Department of Woman Childand General and Specialized SurgeryUniversity of Campania Luigi VanvitelliNaples 80138Italy

Gastrointestinal(GI)involvement has been reported in approximately 50%of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is due to the pathogenic role of inflammation and the intestinal function of the angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 and its *** adult data has pointed out that gut dysbiosis might occur in these patients with a potential impact on the severity of the disease,however the role of gut microbiota in susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 disease in children is still poorly *** the last decades,the crosstalk between gut and lung has been largely recognized resulting in the concept of“gut-lung axis”as a central player in modulating the development of several *** organs are involved in the common mucosal immune system(including bronchus-associated and gut-associated lymphoid tissues)and their homeostasis is crucial for human *** this framework,it has been found that the role of GI dysbiosis is affecting the homeostasis of the gutliver *** note,a gut microbiome imbalance has been linked to COVID-19 severity in adult subjects,but it remains to be *** on the increased risk of inflammatory diseases in children with COVID-19,the potential correlation between gut microbiota dysfunction and COVID-19 needs to be studied in this *** aimed to summarize the most recent evidence on this striking aspect of COVID-19 in childhood.

关键词： Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Microbiome COVID-19 Children

Diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease:dangerous liaisons between insulin and dopamine

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 523-533页

作者： Angela De Iuliis Ennio Montinaro Giuseppe Fatati Mario Plebani Carlo colosimo Department of Medicine-DiMED University of PadovaItaly Department of Neurology Santa Maria University HospitalTerniItaly Italian Obesity Network TerniItaly Department of Medicine-DiMED University of PadovaPadovaItaly/Department of Laboratory Medicine-Hospital of PadovaPadovaItaly

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease has been described in several epidemiological studies over the 1960 s to *** studies have shown the possible functional link between insulin and dopamine,as there is strong evidence demonstrating the action of dopamine in pancreatic islets,as well as the insulin effects on feeding and cognition through central nervous system mechanism,largely independent of glucose *** used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus appear to be promising candidates for symptomatic and/or disease-modifying action in neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease,while an old dopamine agonist,bromocriptine,has been repositioned for the type 2 diabetes mellitus *** review will aim at reappraising the different studies that have highlighted the dangerous liaisons between diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease.

关键词： dopamine GLP-1 insulin Parkinson's disease type 2 diabetes mellitus

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines against omicron in children aged 5 to 11 years

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第10期19卷 949-960页

作者： Eduardo A.Oliveira maria Christina L.Oliveira Ana Cristina Simões e Silva Enrico A.colosimo Robert H.Mak mariana A.Vasconcelos Ludmila R.Silva Daniella B.Martelli Clara C.Pinhati Hercílio Martelli-Júnior Department of Pediatrics Health Sciences Postgraduate ProgramSchool of MedicineFederal University of Minas Gerais(UFMG)R.Engenheiro Amaro Lanari 389/501Belo HorizonteMG30130-100Brazil Department of Statistics Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Department of Pediatrics Rady Children’s HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA Health Science/Postgraduate Program in Nursing.School of Nursing Federal University of Minas Gerais(UFMG)Belo HorizonteMG30130-100Brazil Health Science/Primary Care Postgraduate Program State University of Montes Claros(Unimontes)Montes ClarosMG39401-089Brazil

Background This study aimed to estimate vaccine effectiveness(VE)against omicron variant infection and severe corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)in children aged 5–11 years hospitalized with acute respiratory *** A test-negative,case–control analysis was conducted from February 2022 to June *** enrolled 6950 eligible children,including 1102 cases and 5848 *** was calculated after immunization with one and two doses of BNT162b2 or *** outcomes were hospitalization with acute respiratory symptoms and detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection and severe *** adjusted odds ratio for the association of prior vaccination and outcomes was used to estimate *** For fully vaccinated children,the overall estimated VE against hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 42%[95%confidence interval(CI)26 to 54].VE peaked at 29–42 days(67%,95%CI 40%to 82%)and then declined to 19%(95%CI,−20%to 45%)at 57–120 days after the second *** BNT162b2 vaccine had a similar VE against hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 infection(45%,95%CI,20 to 61)compared to the CoronaVac vaccine(40%,95%CI,17%to 56%).Among cases,56(5%)children died;53(94.6%)were not fully *** cases,the two-dose schedule effectiveness against ICU admission,need for invasive ventilation,severe illness,and death were 10%(95%CI,−54%–45%),22%(95%CI−70%–68%),12%(95%CI,−62%–52%),and 16%(95%CI,−77%–75%),*** For hospitalized children aged 5–11 years during the omicron-predominant period in Brazil,two doses of both vaccines had moderate effectiveness against hospitalization with acute respiratory symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection and offered limited protection against endpoints of COVID-19 severity.

关键词： Children COVID-19 Effectiveness Omicron Vaccine

Sarcopenia in chronic viral hepatitis:From concept to clinical relevance

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第5期15卷 649-665页

作者： Marta Paula Pereira Coelho Pedro Alves Soares Vaz de Castro Thaís Pontello de Vries Enrico Antônio colosimo Juliana maria Trindade Bezerra Gifone Aguiar Rocha Luciana Diniz Silva Sciences Applied to Adult Health Care Post-Graduate Programme Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil Medical Undergraduate Student Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil Department of Statistics Instituto de Ciências ExatasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil Department of Biological Sciences Universidade Estadual do MaranhãoAçailândia 65715-000MaranhãoBrazil Post-Graduate Programme of Animal Science Universidade Estadual do MaranhãoSão Luiz do Maranhão 65.055-310MaranhãoBrazil Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil Department of Internal Medicine Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 30130-100Minas GeraisBrazil

Although the frequency of metabolic risk factors for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is increasing,chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and chronic hepatitis C(CHC)remain the most relevant risk factors for advanced liver disease *** addition to liver damage,hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections are associated with a myriad of extrahepatic manifestations including mixed cryoglobulinaemia,lymphoproliferative disorders,renal disease,insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes,sicca syndrome,rheumatoid arthritislike polyarthritis,and autoantibody ***,the list has grown to include *** of muscle mass or muscle function is a critical feature of malnutrition in cirrhotic patients and has been found in approximately 23.0%-60.0%of patients with advanced liver ***,among published studies,there is significant heterogeneity in the aetiologies of hepatic diseases and measurement methods used to determine *** particular,the interaction between sarcopenia,CHB and CHC has not been completely clarified in a real-world *** can result from a complex and multifaceted virus-host-environment interplay in individuals chronically infected with HBV or ***,in the present review,we provide an overview of the concept,prevalence,clinical relevance,and potential mechanisms of sarcopenia in patients with chronic viral hepatitis,with an emphasis on clinical outcomes,which have been associated with skeletal muscle loss in these patients.A comprehensive overview of sarcopenia in individuals chronically infected with HBV or HCV,independent of the stage of the liver disease,will reinforce the necessity of an integrated medical/nutritional/physical education approach in the daily clinical care of patients with CHB and CHC.

关键词： clinical hepatitis Sarcopenia