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Explaining patterns of species dominance in the shrub steppe systems of the Junggar Basin(China) and Great Basin(USA)

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第4期5卷 415-427页

作者： Wendy TROWBRIDGE thomas ALBRIGHT Scot FERGUSON Jun LI barry PERRYMAN Robert S NOWAK Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science University of Nevada RenoReno NV 89557USA Department of Geography University of Nevada RenoReno NV 89557USA Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Agriculture Nutrition and Veterinary Sciences1664 N Virginia StreetMail Stop 202University of Nevada RenoReno NV 89557USA

Natural scientists have long recognized that regions with similar climate tend to have similar *** observations suggest that shrub steppe communities of the western US and western China may be two such regions with similar annual precipitation,temperature,land use,and *** cold dry shrub steppes have traditionally been *** these similarities,patterns of species dominance are *** species that are rare in China become dominant when introduced to the United *** objective of this study was to investigate how climate,land use and community structure may explain these patterns of species *** structure and grazing intensity were measured at 5 sites in each *** information was combined with a broader review of the literature describing the history of grazing in both *** was analyzed based on a spatially-gridded,interpolated weather time series （monthly records） and climatological summary （1961-1990 mean conditions） data set from the Climate Research *** found that differences in summer precipitation and winter minimum temperature,land use intensity,and shrub size may all contribute to the dominance of annual species in the Great Basin,particularly Bromus *** particular,previous work indicates that summer precipitation and winter temperature drive the distribution of Bromus tectorum in the Great *** a result,sites with wet summers and cold springs,similar to the Chinese sites,would not be expected to be dominated by Bromus tectorum.A history of more intense grazing of the Chinese sites,as described in the literature,also is likely to decrease fire frequency,and decreases litter and shrub dominance,all of which have been demonstrated to be important in Bromus tectorum establishment and ultimate *** research is necessary to determine if other annuals that follow the same pattern of scarcity in the Junggar Basin and dominance in the Great Basin are res

关键词： climate community ecology convergent evolution Bromus tectorum shrub steppe Junggar Basin Great Basin

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如何靠产品而非销售实现增长

Derotational osteotomy and internal fixation of a 180°malrotated humerus:A case report

商业评论 2024年第7期 114-119页

作者：巴里·利伯特托马斯·达文波特徐广彤 AlMatters公司百森学院牛津大学赛德商学院麻省理工学院

不久以前,所有类型的公司都还把注意力主要放在和客户打交道时由人工完成的任务上.它们密切关注着反馈建议、无缝接单、交叉销售和追加销售这类流程.然而,如今许多软件公司已经开始将这些流程内嵌到软件中,在销售、营销和服务等业务活...

不久以前,所有类型的公司都还把注意力主要放在和客户打交道时由人工完成的任务上.它们密切关注着反馈建议、无缝接单、交叉销售和追加销售这类流程.然而,如今许多软件公司已经开始将这些流程内嵌到软件中,在销售、营销和服务等业务活动上尽可能减少对人工接触客户的依赖.这类云组织全凭软件功能满足客户需求,努力实现快速扩张,而不增加接触客户的员工.

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第10期13卷 940-948页

作者： Katharina Elisabeth Wenning thomas Armin Schildhauer Clifford barry Jones Martin Franz Hoffmann Department of General and Trauma Surgery BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil BochumBochum 44789Germany Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Creighton Medical School PhoenixPhoenix85012United States

BACKGROUND Humeral shaft fractures are relatively common in *** malalignment is reported as one complication but severe rotational deformity of the humerus is extremely *** our knowledge,only three cases of symptomatic humeral malrotation have been *** are sparse literature reports of humeral reconstruction *** SUMMARY We present a case of extreme rotational deformity of the humerus(180°)after humeral shaft *** patient complained of pain and difficulties with activities of daily *** addition,she found the deformity cosmetically ***,she was searching for surgical *** of the radial nerve followed by derotational osteotomy of the humerus and internal fixation were ***,the patient demonstrated transient iatrogenic radial nerve palsy which recovered completely during postoperative *** Disabilities of the Arm,Shoulder,and Hand score improved from 55 preoperatively to 16 at the final 2-year *** Single-stage radial neurolysis,derotational osteotomy and stable fixation is a feasible option to improve anatomic and functional problems of severely malrotated humeral shaft fractures.

关键词： Humerus Malrotation Corrective osteotomy Plate osteosynthesis Radial nerve palsy Case report

Stem Cell Regulation by Arabidopsis WOX Genes

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Molecular Plant 2016年第7期9卷 1028-1039页

作者： Alicja Dolzblasz Judith Nardmann Elena Clerici barry Causier Eric van der Graaff Jinhui Chen Brendan Davies Wolfgang Werr thomas Laux BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies Faculty of Biology Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg 79104 Freiburg Germany Institute of Developmental Biology Biocenter Cologne University zu KoIn Zulpicher Street 47b 50674 K61n Germany Centre for Plant Sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK present address: Department of Plant Developmental Biology Institute of Experimental Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Wroclaw50-328 Wroclaw Poland present address: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Center University of Copenhagen 1871 Taastrup Denmark Present address: Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology Ministry of Education Nanjing Forestry University 210037 Nanjing China

Gene amplification followed by functional diversification is a major force in evolution. A typical example of this is seen in the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX （WOX） gene family, named after the Arabidopsis stem cell regulator WUSCHEL. Here we analyze functional divergence in the WOX gene family. Members of the WUS clade, except the cambium stem cell regulator WOX4, can substitute for WUS function in shoot and floral stem cell maintenance to different degrees. Stem cell function of WUS requires a canonical WUS-box, essential for interaction with TPL/TPR co-repressors, whereas the repressive EAR domain is dispensable and the acidic domain seems only to be required for female fertility. In contrast to the WUS clade, members of the ancient WOX13 and the WOX9 clades cannot support stem cell maintenance. Although the homeodomains are interchangeable between WUS and WOX9 clade members, a WUS- compatible homeodomain together with canonical WUS-box is not sufficient for stem cell maintenance. Our results suggest that WOX function in shoot and floral meristems of Arabidopsis is restricted to the modern WUS clade, suggesting that stem cell control is a derived function. Yet undiscovered functional domains in addition to the homeodomain and the WUS-box are necessary for this function.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana shoot meristem stem cells WOX genes WUSCHEL

Micro-recanalization in a biodegradable graft for reconstruction of the vas deferens is enhanced by sildenafil citrate

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第6期12卷 814-818页

作者： Peter A. Holoch Surya K. Mallapragada Carlos A. Ariza.thomas S. Griffith barry R. DeYoung Moshe Wald DePartment of Urology University of lowa lowa City 1A 52242 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Department of Pathology University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242 USA

This study investigated the effect of sildenafil citrate on micro-recanalization and neovascularization, which were previously demonstrated in a rat model using biodegradable grafts （BGs） for vas deferens reconstruction. A total of 24 male rats underwent bilateral vasectomy with removal of a 0.5-cm vasal segment and were randomly assigned to four groups. Groups 1 and 2 underwent immediate vasovasostomy. Groups 3 and 4 underwent interposition of a 0.5-cm BG in the vasal gap. Groups 1 and 3 were given 5 mg kg-1 day-1 oral sildenafil. Other groups were given placebo. Rats were housed with females 12 weeks postoperatively. Reconstructed vasal segments were harvested 16 weeks postoperatively and analyzed histologically. Fluid from the distal vasal stump was analyzed for motile sperm. Urine samples obtained 16 weeks postoperatively were analyzed for cGMP levels. cGMP levels in rats treated with sildenafil were signifcantly higher than in control rats. No pregnancies were sired by grafted groups. In all, 5/6 rats in group 1 and 3/6 rats in group 2 sired litters. No motile sperm were noted in the vasal fluid of the grafted groups. Motile sperm were noted in all rats in group 1 and in 5/6 rats in group 2. In addition, 29 and 4 microcanals were detected in the sildenafil and placebo groups, respectively （P = 0.023）. No microcanal exceeded 3 mm in length. An average of 12 and 28 blood vessels per graft were noted in the placebo and sildenafil groups, respectively （P 〈 0.0001）. In conclusion, sildenafil enhances micro-recanalization and neovascularization in BG used for vas deferens reconstruction, but does not increase the microcanal length after 16 weeks.

关键词： graft infertility male sildenafil citrate vas deferens vasectomy

Early microrecanalization of vas deferens following biodegradable graft implantation in bilaterally vasectomized rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第3期11卷 373-378页

作者： Christopher M. Simons barry R. De Young thomas S. Griffith Timothy L. Ratliff Erin Jones Surya K. Mallapragada Moshe Wald Department of Urology University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242-1089 USA Department of Pathology University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242-1089 USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA

We evaluated a biodegradable graft for reconstruction of rat vasa deferentia with long obstructed or missing segments. A total of 47 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral vasectomy and were divided into groups according to length of the vas deferens affected （0.5, 1, 1.5 cm）. After 8 weeks, poly-（D,L-lactide）（PDLA） grafts were used to reconnect the vas deferens, Grafts and adjoining vasa deferentia were excised 8 and 12 weeks later and evaluated microscopically. At 8 weeks, microscopic changes included a robust inflammatory response around the grafts. All grafts were still intact but in the early stages of degradation. No microtubules, indicative of vas deferens recanalization, were identified. One specimen showed evidence of healing and neovascularization at the interface zone between the vas deferens and the graft. At 12 weeks, grafts were further degraded but still present. Microscopic evaluation showed decreased inflammation. Seven specimens showed neovascularization at the interface zone; two of these showed distinct epithelialized vas deferens microcanals at the graft edges. One specimen showed a microcanal spanning the entire 0.5-cm graft. A time period of 8 weeks is not ample enough for vas deferens regeneration in the setting of a biodegradable PDLA graft; however, early evidence of re-growth was seen at 12 weeks. A longer healing time should permit further biodegradation of the graft, as well as re-growth and possible eventual reconnection of the vas deferens, allowing passage of sperm. These findings suggest a potential role for biodegradable grafts in the reconstruction ofvas deferens with long obstructed segments.

关键词： graft infertility male vas deferens

The International Conference on ＂Geoheritage for Sustainable Development＂ Druskininkai, Lithuania, May 27-30, 2006

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Episodes 2006年第4期29卷 303-304页

作者： barry thomas Jonas Satkunas Marek Graniczny British Institute for Geological Conservation ProGEO Northern group UK Lithuanian Geological Survey ProGEO Northern group and IUGS-GEM Lithuania Polish Geological Institute IUGS-GEM Poland

This conference, in the spar town of Druskininkai in southern Lithuania （May 27-30, 2006）, was held under the auspices of ProGEO （European Association for the Conservation of Geological Heritage） Northern European Working Group, IUGS Commission GEM （Geosciences for environmental management） working group IBC （International borders--Geoenvironmental concerns）, Lithuanian Geological Survey, Polish Geological Institute, and the Institute of Geology and Geography, Lithuania. It was held under the auspices of INTERREG project 2005/041 （Elaboration of geoenvironmental assumptions for ＇Geopark Yotwings＇ in the cross-border Polish-Lithuanian area） and IUGS-ICSU project Application of geoscience for sustainable development of cross-border areas. The aims of the conference were： to promote better understanding of geological heritage in Northern Europe and to aim at an increasing level of awareness concerning geological knowledge and related problems in society; to promote best practice on such matters as inventory, on-site management, planning, development of geotourism etc.; to strengthen trans-boundary co-operation and promote initiatives in application of elements of the geological heritage in sustainable development. Over 45 people attended the conference from seven European countries.

关键词：地质工作地理学可持续发展多样性

A Geometric Proof of Fermat’s Little Theorem

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2018年第1期8卷 41-44页

作者： thomas Beatty Marc barry Andrew Orsini Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers USA

We present an intuitively satisfying geometric proof of Fermat's result for positive integers that for prime moduli p, provided p does not divide a. This is known as Fermat’s Little Theorem. The proof is novel in using the idea of colorings applied to regular polygons to establish a number-theoretic result. A lemma traditionally, if ambiguously, attributed to Burnside provides a critical enumeration step.

关键词： Fermat Carmichael Number Group Permutation Burnside’s Lemma Action Invariant Set Orbit Stabilizer Coloring Pattern Prime Regular Polygon Cyclic Group

Clinical laboratory and imaging evidence for effectiveness of agarose-agarose macrobeads containing stem-like cells derived from a mouse renal adenocarcinoma cell population (RMBs) in treatment-resistant, advanced metastatic colorectal cancer:Evaluation of

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2018年第1期30卷 72-83页

作者： barry H.Smith Lawrence S.Gazda.thomas J.Fahey Angelica Nazarian Melissa A.Laramore Prithy Martis Zoe P.Andrada Joanne thomas Tapan Parikh Sudipta Sureshbabu Nathaniel Berman Allyson J.Ocean Richard D.Hall David J.Wolf The Rogosin Institute New York NY 10021 USA The Rogosin Institute-Xenia Division Xenia OH 45385 USA New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical Center New York NY 10021 USA Bob Evans Farms Inc. New Albany OH 43054 USA

Objective： The complexity, heterogeneity and capacity of malignant neoplastic cells and tumors for rapid change and evolution suggest that living-cell-based biological-systems approaches to cancer treatment are merited. Testing this hypothesis, the tumor marker, metabolic activity, and overall survival（OS） responses, to the use of one such system, implantable macrobeads [RENCA macrobeads（RMBs）], in phase I and IIa clinical trials in advanced,treatment-resistant metastatic colorectal cancer（m CRC） are described ***： Forty-eight m CRC patients（30 females; 18 males）, who had failed all available, approved treatments,underwent RMB implantation（8 RMB/kg body weight） up to 4 times in phase I and phase IIa open-label ***, labs [tumor and inflammation markers, lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）] and positron emission tomography-computed tomography（PET-CT） imaging to measure number/volume and metabolic activity of the tumors were performed pre-and 3-month-post-implantation to evaluate safety and initial efficacy（as defined by biological responses）. PET-CT maximum standard uptake value（SUVmax）（baseline and d 90; SUVmax ≥2.5）, LDH,and carcinoembryonic antigen（CEA） and/or cancer antigen 19-9（CA 19-9） response（baseline, d 30 and/or d 60）were assessed and compared to ***： Responses after implantation were characterized by an at least 20% decrease in CEA and/or CA 19-9 in75% of patients. Fluorodeoxyglucose（FDG）-positive lesions（phase I, 39; 2 a, 82） were detected in 37/48 evaluable patients, with 35% stable volume and stable or decreased SUV（10） plus four with necrosis; 10, increased tumor volume, SUV. LDH levels remained stable and low in Responders（R）（d 0–60, 290.4–333.9）, but increased steadily in Non-responders（NR）（d 0–60, 382.8–1,278.5）（d 60, P=0.050）. Responders to RMBs, indicated by the changes in the above markers, correlated with OS（R mean OS=10.76 months; NR mean OS=4.9 months; P=0.0006）.Conclusions： The correlations of the tumor marker, tumor volume

关键词： Clinical trial systems-biology RENCA macrobeads metastatic colorectal cancer colon cancer