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“Dietary fibre”: moving beyond the “soluble/insoluble” classification for monogastric nutrition, with an emphasis on humans and pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 590-600页

作者： barbara A.Williams Deirdre Mikkelsen Bernadine M.Flanagan Michael J.Gidley The University of Queensland QAAFI Centre for Nutrition and Food SciencesSt. Lucia campus

This review describes dietary fibres originating from a range of foods,particularly in relation to their plant cell walls.It explores the categorization of dietary fibres into "soluble" or "insoluble".It also emphasizes dietary fibre fermentability,in terms of describing how the gastro-intestinal tract(GIT) microbiota respond to a selection of fibres from these categories.Food is categorized into cereals,legumes,fruits and vegetables.Mention is also made of example whole foods and why differences in physico-chemical characteristics between "purified" and "non-purified"food components are important in terms of health.Lastly,recommendations are made as to how dietary fibre could be classified differently,in relation to its functionality in terms of fermentability,rather than only its solubility.

关键词： Cereal grains Dietary fibre Fruits Large intestinal fermentation Legumes Microbial activity Microbiota Plant cell walls Short-chain fatty acids Vegetables

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Role of different GRKs in activation of β-AR stimulated CaMKII

Role of different GRKs in activation of β-AR stimulated CaM...

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中国生理学会第23届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者： Barbara.williams Howard A Rockman Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center DurhamNC 27710USA Department of Physiology Basic Medical SchoolTianjin Medical University Department of Medicine Department of Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710USA

Background:Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ(CaMKⅡ) is a known downstream target of followingβ-adrenergic receptor(β-AR) stimulation.We have recently shown that stimulation ofβ-ARs leads to an increase in CaMKⅡactivity through its ability to recruit to the membrane aβ-arrestin-CaMKⅡcomplex.β-Arrestin recruitment to activatedβ-ARs requires phosphorylation of the receptor by a G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK),which are key modulators ofβ-AR signaling and desensitization.Of the seven isoforms of GRKs,four of them,namely GRK2,GRK3,GRK5 and GRK6,are expressed in mammalian heart.In this study we tested in the in vivo heart whether a certain subset of GRKs are required forβ-AR activation of CaMKⅡ.Methods:Adult male or female mice WT,GRK2,3,5,6 knockout and GRK(-) mice(transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of a mutantβ-AR that lacks GRK phosphorylation sites) were used in this experiment.Mice were administered with saline or 5 mg/kg isoproterenol(β-AR agonist,ISO) by i.***.infusion for 5 min.Heart left ventricle were excised and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80℃for later biochemical assays.Western Blot was used to detect the expression of CaMK II,phospho-CaMK II(Thr286).CaMK II activity of ventricular homogenates was measured by a CaMK II assay kit based on ELISA principle.Results:After ISO administration,the levels of phosphorylated CaMK II(pCaMK II;the active form of CaMK II) markedly increased in hearts of WT,GRK2, GRK3,and GRK6 knockout mice,whereas ISO-mediated CaMK II phosphorylation was markedly blunted in hearts from GRK5 knockout mice,indicating that GRK5 is necessary for theβ-AR stimulated CaMK II activation (n=5,P<0.05 fold induction by ISO of GRK5 knockout mice vs WT).As expected,in mouse hearts containing mutantβ-ARs lacking GRK phosphorylation sites(β-AR GRK(-)),no significant increase in ISO stimulated pCaMK II expression was observed(n=5,P<0.05 vs WT).Furthermore,CaMK II activity detected by ELISA method in the heart extracts from WT and GRK2,GRK3,and GRK6

关键词： GRKs CaMKII beta-adrenergic receptor

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Effect of daidzein on lactobacillus community change in piglet digesta during in vitro fermentation as analyzed by DGGE technique

Effect of daidzein on lactobacillus community change in pigl...

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2003北京国际养猪研讨会暨展览会

作者： barbara A. williams Seerp Tamminga Antoon D.L. Akkermans Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen Netherlands Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences Wageningen University Wageningen Netherlands Laboratory of Microbiology Wageningen University Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4 6703 CT Wageningen Netherlands

＜正＞ The effect of daidzein on Lactobacillus community change during in vitro fermentation ofpiglet digesta from different gastrointestinal （GI） compartment obtained at different ages was investigated.Every three conventionally raised healthy piglets from the same litter were slaughtered at age of 7, 14, 21and 28 days respectively. On each day of slaughtering, the digesta from the same GI compartment （jejunum,ileum, caecum and rectum） was pooled. The pooled digesta from each compartment was used as inocula inthree in vitro fermentation treatments: （a） VanSoest medium with 0.5g of glucose and 50ppm of daidzein;（b） VanSoest medium with 0.5g of glucose;（c） VanSoest medium only.After 48 hours fermentation,

关键词： Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） lactobacillus daidzein dilution PCR digesta piglet

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三轴感应电阻率测井新技术

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国外测井技术 2009年第5期24卷 57-70页

作者： barbara Anderson Tom Barber Rob Leveridge Rabi Bastia Kamlesh Raj Saxena Anti Kumar Tyag Jean-Baptiste Clavaud Brian Coffin Madhumita Das Ron Hayden Theodore Klimentos Chanh Cao Mirth Stephen williams 美国马萨诸塞州堪布里奇美国得克萨新州Sugar Land 信实工业公司印度盂买雪弗龙能源技术公司得克萨斯州休斯敦 HighMount勘探与生产公司得克萨斯州休斯敦 Utkal大学印度奥里萨邦布巴内斯瓦尔得克萨新州休斯敦印度孟买安哥拉罗安达挪威国家石油公司挪威斯塔万格

一种新型感应电阻率测井仪器能够提供远离井筒地层的三维信息，提高斜井和倾斜地层的电阻率测量精度，而且不需要接触井壁就能够直接测量地层倾角大小和方位。采用这种高精度三轴电阻率测井仪器可以减少漏掉油气层的机会，加强对储层的... 详细信息

一种新型感应电阻率测井仪器能够提供远离井筒地层的三维信息，提高斜井和倾斜地层的电阻率测量精度，而且不需要接触井壁就能够直接测量地层倾角大小和方位。采用这种高精度三轴电阻率测井仪器可以减少漏掉油气层的机会，加强对储层的认识。

关键词：电阻率测井感应电阻率三轴技术测井仪器倾斜地层三维信息测量精度

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