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Severity and injury characteristics among matched hospitalized motorcycle drivers and their passengers

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第4期22卷 223-227页

作者： Mahnaz Yadollahi babak Jamali Trauma Research Center Shahid Rajaee Trauma Hospital Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran

Purpose: After car accident, motorcycle accident ranks as the second leading cause of traffic fatality in Iran. This study aimed to compare the severity and clinical presentations between drivers and passengers under the same injury circumstance. Methods: This study was conducted in the trauma center of Shiraz, Iran in 2017. Data on demographics, triage level, blood pressure, respiratory rate, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), injured body region, injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS), and result of accident were compared between pairs of Keywords: Injuries Motorcycle driver Passenger drivers and passengers. The agreement of any type of injury between drivers and passengers evaluated by Kappa test. Results: This study included 143 matched pairs of drivers and passengers. Most of the pairs (84.5%) did not use helmet and 77.2% of the riders do not have driving license. ISS was significantly higher in drivers than passengers. In the unmatched pairs, drivers and passengers showed no difference in sustaining injuries in the face, head & neck, chest and soft tissue, but drivers were found more likely to suffer from injuries in the abdomen, extremities, pelvis and spine than passengers. Once one part of the matched pair suffered injury in the head & neck, face, chest, abdomen, extremities and soft tissue & skin injury, the probability that the other part had an injury in the same region was 50%, 9%, 13%, 7%, 22% and 34% respectively. Kappa value for these body regions was 0.006, 0.009,-0.006, 0.068, 0.063 and 0.001, respectively, which was significant in abdomen and extremities. Conclusion: Although drivers had higher level of injury severity and some different injury distributions, we recommend equal treatment to drivers and passengers. We also recommend related authorities to develop policies on helmet use, driving license and third-party insurance.

关键词： Injuries Motorcycle driver Passenger

Comparative Textual Study of Political and Territorial Aspects of the Ancient Iranian National Identity

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2012年第2期2卷 132-143页

作者： Mostafa Younesie babak Omidali Tarbiat Modares University

In a multidisciplinary compensatory way this paper aims at comparing Darius Inscription in Behistun with Karnameh of Ardeshir babakan in order to find the territorial political aspects of ancient Iranian identity. With regard to the existence of the idea of national identity but not the term in these mentioned sources through content analysis, it shows that ancient Iranian national identity has basic interrelations with territorial political aspects although the other aspects will not be denied.

关键词： Iranian national identity Behistun Inscription Ardeshir Karnameye territorial and political aspectsfinn

一种采用高频电流前馈补偿的Boost变换器系统稳定方法

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中国电机工程学报 2016年第20期36卷 5616-5623,5738页

作者：庞圣钊皇甫宜耿郭亮 babak Nahid-Mobarakeh 西北工业大学自动化学院陕西省西安市710072 洛林大学电气与机械工程学院法国南锡54003

在开关电源变换器设计中,经常会在功率输入端加入滤波器。输入滤波器可以减小或消除电磁干扰,消除变换器输入电流波形的开关谐波,还可用于在给定电压瞬间,保护变换器及其负载免受冲击而损坏,从而提高系统的可靠性。但是输入滤波器改变... 详细信息

在开关电源变换器设计中,经常会在功率输入端加入滤波器。输入滤波器可以减小或消除电磁干扰,消除变换器输入电流波形的开关谐波,还可用于在给定电压瞬间,保护变换器及其负载免受冲击而损坏,从而提高系统的可靠性。但是输入滤波器改变了系统的动态性能,与具有负阻抗特性的恒功率负载级联时,会造成系统的不稳定甚至可能产生谐振。该文提出了一种基于输入滤波器谐振频率处的高频电流前馈补偿技术,能够在不改变系统体积重量和原有控制结构的前提下,抑制系统的振荡和波形畸变。为了在振荡发生时能够保证电路正常工作,提出了一种具有冗余结构的Boost变换器拓扑。首先对系统的数学模型进行分析,然后给出仿真及实验结果,证明了所提控制策略与拓扑结构的正确性和可行性。

关键词：输入滤波器前馈补偿技术 Boost变换器级联系统冗余结构稳定性

Analysis of electrocautery smoke released from the tissues frequently cut in orthopedic surgeries

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第3期11卷 177-183页

作者： Ali Yeganeh Mikaiel Hajializade Alireza Pahlevan Sabagh babak Athari Mahbobeh Jamshidi Mehdi Moghtadaei Department of Orthopaedics Surgery Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Orthopaedics Surgery Shahid Mohammadi HospitalHormozgan University of Medical SciencesHormozganBandarabbas ***Iran Department of Chemistry Payam-e-Nour UniversityGhazvin ***Iran Department of Orthopaedics Surgery Rasoul Akram HospitalIran University of Medical TehranâProvinceTehranSatarkhan ***Iran

BACKGROUND Electrosurgical smoke could be different by the device of cutting or the type of tissue that is being *** To analyze the electrocautery smoke released from the tissues that are frequently cut in orthopedic *** The released smoke from electrocautery of five different tissue types(meniscus,ligament,adipose,muscle,and synovium)of five patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty were collected and analyzed for volatile organic compounds(VOCs)and 27 candidate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(n=25).Surgical smoke was produced with an electrocautery device for 4 *** None of the 27 evaluated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds were detectable in electrocautery smoke collected from the surgical cutting of the different *** number and identity of detected VOCs were similar between the patients but not between tissue *** number of detected VOCs was the highest in synovial tissue(n=21)and the lowest in the meniscus and adipose tissue(n=12).The number of toxic and/or carcinogenic VOCs were the most in the muscle and meniscus tissues(Toluene,Ethylbenzene,and Styrene).No toxic and/or carcinogenic VOCs were identified in the ligament and adipose *** Meniscus and muscle tissue are associated with the highest number of toxic and/or carcinogenic ***,we recommend that surgeons avoiding the electrocautery of these tissues.

关键词： Electrocautery smoke Volatile organic compounds Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Surgeon caution

A P2P Approach to Routing in Hierarchical MANETs

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Communications and Network 2020年第3期12卷 99-121页

作者： Thomas Kunz Silas Echegini babak Esfandiari Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada

We present an effective routing solution for the backbone of hierarchical MANETs. Our solution leverages the storage and retrieval mechanisms of a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) common to many (structured) P2P overlays. The DHT provides routing information in a decentralized fashion, while supporting different forms of node and network mobility. We split a flat network into clusters, each having a gateway who participates in a DHT overlay. These gateways interconnect the clusters in a backbone network. Two routing approaches for the backbone are explored: flooding and a new solution exploiting the storage and retrieval capabilities of a P2P overlay based on a DHT. We implement both approaches in a network simulator and thoroughly evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme using a range of static and mobile scenarios. We also compare our solution against flooding. The simulation results show that our solution, even in the presence of mobility, achieved well above 90% success rates and maintained very low and constant round trip times, unlike the flooding approach. In fact, the performance of the proposed inter-cluster routing solution, in many cases, is comparable to the performa

Soccer League Competition Algorithm, a New Method for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations

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International Journal of Intelligence Science 2014年第1期4卷 7-16页

作者： Naser Moosavian babak Kasaee Roodsari Department of Civil Engineering Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran

This paper introduces Soccer League Competition (SLC) algorithm as a new optimization technique for solving nonlinear systems of equations. Fundamental ideas of the method are inspired from soccer leagues and based on the competitions among teams and players. Like other meta-heuristic methods, the proposed technique starts with an initial population. Population individuals called players are in two types: fixed players and substitutes that all together form some teams. The competition among teams to take the possession of the top ranked positions in the league table and the internal competitions between players in each team for personal improvements results in the convergence of population individuals to the global optimum. Results of applying the proposed algorithm in solving nonlinear systems of equations demonstrate that SLC converges to the answer more accurately and rapidly in comparison with other Meta-heuristic and Newton-type methods.

关键词： Soccer League Competition Nonlinear Equations Meta-Heuristic Algorithm

Spin Hydrodynamic Power Generation and Its Influence on Magnetohydrodynamic Effects

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2022年第2期12卷 213-229页

作者： Fabiano Sene Carlos Caicedo babak Fahimi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Dallas Richardson USA

This paper reports on generation of electric power using Spin Hydrodynamics (SHD) and its impact on magneto hydrodynamics (MHD). The targeted system uses saltwater as conducting fluid in a channel that is equipped with high energy permanent magnets in that the direction of magnetic field is perpendicular to that of the working fluid. By measuring the induced voltage caused by turbulent motion of conducting fluid (with and without magnetic field) the relationship between the SHD and MHD has been investigated. This system has been further simulated and experimentally verified to validate the claims.

关键词： Spin Hydrodynamics Magneto Hydrodynamics Energy Harvesting

基于Lyapunov间接法分析的恒功率负载电源变换器宽稳定控制策略

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电工技术学报 2017年第14期32卷 146-154页

作者：庞圣钊皇甫宜耿郭亮 babak Nahid-Mobarakeh 马睿西北工业大学自动化学院西安710068 洛林大学电气与机械工程学院南锡54516

在航空航天供电系统中,随着变换器负载和电动机负载的不断增加,恒功率负载在用电设备中所占的比重越来越大。这种负载因内部闭环控制而呈现恒功率特性,是导致系统不稳定的主要原因之一。而应用于航空航天的独立电源变换系统,由于受到体... 详细信息

在航空航天供电系统中,随着变换器负载和电动机负载的不断增加,恒功率负载在用电设备中所占的比重越来越大。这种负载因内部闭环控制而呈现恒功率特性,是导致系统不稳定的主要原因之一。而应用于航空航天的独立电源变换系统,由于受到体积和重量的限制,对变换器的设计提出了更高的要求。本文提出一种基于前级电感电流的高频分量直接注入占空比的补偿方法,不仅可以减小供电系统中母线滤波电容尺寸,还能使因恒功率负载造成的不稳定现象得到抑制,提高系统稳定工作范围。以现代飞机直流供电系统中常见的Boost变换器为例,建立系统的状态空间模型,并利用Lyapunov间接法分析系统的稳定性,最后给出仿真及实验结果,验证了所提控制策略的正确性和可行性。结果表明,采用这种占空比补偿技术可在相同功率输出条件下,减少约8倍的母线滤波电容。

关键词：恒功率负载负阻抗特性稳定性占空比补偿机载电源系统多电飞机

3D-printed scaffolds with 2D hetero-nanostructures and immunomodulatory cytokines provide pro-healing microenvironment for enhanced bone regeneration

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第9期27卷 216-230页

作者： Xifeng Liu Bipin Gaihre Sungjo Park Linli Li babak Dashtdar Maria D.Astudillo Potes Andre Terzic Benjamin D.Elder Lichun Lu Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Regenerative Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA Department of Neurologic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN55905USA

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is driving forward the progresses of various engineering fields, including tissue engineering. However, the pristine 3D-printed scaffolds usually lack robust functions in stimulating desired activity for varied regeneration applications. In this study, we combined the two-dimensional (2D) hetero-nanostructures and immuno-regulative interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines for the functionalization of 3D-printed scaffolds to achieve a pro-healing immuno-microenvironment for optimized bone injury repair. The 2D hetero-nanostructure consists of graphene oxide (GO) layers, for improved cell adhesion, and black phosphorous (BP) nanosheets, for the continuous release of phosphate ions to stimulate cell growth and osteogenesis. In addition, the 2D hetero-nanolayers facilitated the adsorption of large content of immuno-regulative IL-4 cytokines, which modulated the polarization of macrophages into M2 phenotype. After in vivo implantation in rat, the immuno-functioned 3D-scaffolds achieved in vivo osteo-immunomodulation by building a pro-healing immunological microenvironment for better angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the defect area and thus facilitated bone regeneration. These results demonstrated that the immuno-functionalization of 3D-scaffolds with 2D hetero-nanostructures with secondary loading of immuno-regulative cytokines is an encouraging strategy for improving bone regeneration.

关键词： 3D-printing 2D materials Bone repair Osteo-immunomodulation Cytokines