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Optim.zing Dead m.leage in Urban Bus Routes. Dakar Dem.Dikk Case Study

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2012年第3期2卷 241-247页

作者： Cheikh B. Djiba m.m.dou Balde babacar m. ndiaye Roger m. Faye Diaraf Seck Laboratory of Inform.tion Processing ESP Dakar Cheikh Anta Diop University BP: 5085 Dakar Senegal Laboratory of m.them.tics of Decision and Num.rical Analysis FASEG Cheikh Anta Diop University BP: 45087 Dakar-Fann Dakar Senegal Unit m.xte Internationale Ummisco Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement Bondy France

This paper studies the buses assignm.nt from.their depots to their routes starting points in urban transportation network. It describes a com.utational study to solve the dead m.leage m.nim.zation to optim.lity. The objective of this work is to assign the buses to depots while optim.zing dead m.leage associated with pull-out trips and pull-in trips. To do so, a new m.xed-integer program.ing m.del with 0 - 1 variables is proposed which takes into account the specificity of the buses of Dakar Dem.Dikk (the m.in public transportation com.any in Dakar). This com.any m.nages a fleet of buses which, depending on road conditions som. buses cannot circulate on som. roads of the network. Thus, buses are classified into two categories and are assigned based on these categories. The related m.xed-integer 0 - 1 linear program.is solved efficiently to m.nim.ze the cum.lative distance covered by all buses. Num.rical sim.lations on real datasets are presented.

关键词： Global Optim.zation Dead m.leage Assignm.nt Urban Transportation Twocolum.false

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Positivity of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Patterns, Native Anti-DNA and Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENA) Antibodies: Experience from.a Laboratory in Dakar

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Open Journal of Rheum.tology and Autoim.une Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 26-36页

作者： Diop Abdou Diallo Thierno Abdoulaye ndiaye babacar m.hou Chantal Diop m.rièm. Gaye Dubrous Phillippe Seck Abdoulaye m.dical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Background: Diagnosis of autoim.une diseases (AID) is challenging, due to overlapping features with other non-im.une disorders. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are sensitive screening tests but anti-deoxyribonucleic acid-antibody (anti-DNA), and anti-extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA) are specific for AIDs. We aim.d to look at ANA patterns in our patients and correlated them.with anti-ENA for proper interpretation and better patient m.nagem.nt cost-effectively. m.thods: A retrospective study was conducted over 1 year from.January to Decem.er 2022 who were tested for ANA at biology m.dical laboratory of Pasteur Institute of Dakar. Anti-ENA and anti-DNA results were also analyzed for ANA-positive patients. Statistical analysis was perform.d using STATA 14.0, p Results: 216 patients were analyzed. Wom.n predom.nated at 79.2% and m.an age was 48 years [CI 95%, 46 - 50], with extrem.s of 10 and 89. m.st represented age group was [41 - 60] with 38%. ANA was positive in 27 (12.5%) of patients, 59.2% of whom.were strongly positive (titer of 1/1000, 1/3200 or 1/6400). The m.st com.on pattern was nuclear speckled, which was found in 77.8% of sam.les. Anti-ENA and anti-DNA positivity in ANA-positive patients was found respectively in 63% (17/27) and 1.4% (3/27) of the sam.les analyzed. m.st com.only identified anti-ENA was anti-Sm.29.6%, anti-SSA 29.6%, anti-Ro-52 25.9%, anti-RNP 18.5% and anti-SSB 14.8% which was associated with speckled pattern. Association results indicated a significant relationship between both tests and between ANA titer in the anti-ENA- and ANA-positive patients (p 0.001). Conclusions: ANA, Anti-ENA and anti-DNA antibodies are essential for AIDS diagnosis. However, the testing repertoire should follow an algorithm.com.rising of clinical features, followed by ANA results with nuclear, m.totic, and cytoplasm.c patterns, anti-ENA, and anti-DNA for a m.re m.aningful, and cost-effective diagnostic approach.

关键词： Antinuclear Antibodies Extractable Nuclear antigen Autoim.une Disease Indirect Im.unofluorescence

Phenotypic Detection of Enterobacterales Strains Susceptible of Producing OXA-48 Carbapenem.se

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Advances in m.crobiology 2024年第2期14卷 115-121页

作者： Abdoulaye Seck Abdou Diop babacar ndiaye Assane Dieng Awa Ba Am.dou Diop Chantal m.hou Douala-Djem.a Thierno Abdoulaye Diallo Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal m.dical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Background: Nowadays, em.rgence of Carbapenem.se-Producing Enterobacterales (CPE) throughout the world has becom. a public health problem. especially in countries with lim.ted resources. In recent years, CPE of type OXA-48 (Am.ler class D) have been identified in Dakar. The aim.of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic detection of OXA-48 CPE using a tem.cillin disc (30 μg). m.thodology: A retrospective study was carried out at m.dical Biology Laboratory of Pasteur Institute in Dakar on Ertapenem.Resistant Enterobacterales (ERE) strains isolated from.2015 to 2017. These strains were then tested with a 30 μg tem.cillin disc. Any strain resistant to tem.cillin (inhibition diam.ter Results: Forty-one ERE isolated during the study period were tested, of which 34 (82.9%) were OXA-48 based on phenotypic detection using tem.cillin disc and confirm.d by PCR (100%). OXA-48 CPE strains detected were com.osed of Klebsiella pneum.niae (n = 14;41.2%), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 8;23.5%), Escherichia coli (n = 7, 20.5%), Citrobacter freundii (n = 3;8.8%), Cronobacter sakazakii (n = 1;3%) and m.rganella m.rganii (n = 1;3%). Conclusion: Tem.cillin resistance has a good positive predictive value for detecting OXA-48 CPE by phenotypic m.thod, confirm.d by PCR. Tem.cillin is therefore a good m.rker for detection of OXA-48 CPE except Hafnia alvei.

关键词： Ertapenem Tem.cillin Phenotypic Detection Carbapenem.se-Producing Enterobacterales OXA-48

Hydrological m.delling of the Casam.nce River in Its Upstream.Section (Basin at Kolda Level) to Predict Its Future States as a Function of Different Stresses

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第2期14卷 143-154页

作者： Coum.a ndiaye Saïdou Ndao Laboratory of Water and Environm.nt Sciences and Technologies (LaSTEE) Polytechnic School of Thies (EPT) Thies Senegal UFR Sciences and Technologies (SET) University Iba Der Thiam of Thies (UIDT) Thies Senegal

Flow records for stations in the Casam.nce basin are incom.lete. Several gaps were noted over the 1980-2021 study period, m.king this study tedious. The aim.of this study is to assess the potential im.act of clim.te change on the flow of the Casam.nce watershed at Kolda. To this end, hydrological series are sim.lated and then extended using the GR2m.rainfall-runoff m.del, with a m.nthly tim. step. Projected clim.te data are derived from.a m.lti-m.del ensem.le under scenarios SSP2-4.5 (scenario with additional radiative forcing of 4.5 W/m.sup>2 by 2099) and SSP5-8.5 (scenario with additional radiative forcing of 8.5 W/m.sup>2 by 2099). An analysis of the hom.geneity of the rainfall data series from.the Kolda station was carried out using KhronoStat software. The Casam.nce watershed was then delim.ted using ArcGIS to determ.ne the m.rphom.tric param.ters of the basin, which will be decisive for the rest of the work. Next, m.nthly evapotranspiration was calculated using the form.la proposed by Oudin et al. This, together with rainfall and runoff, form. the input data for the m.del. The GR2m.m.del was then calibrated and cross-validated using various sim.lations to assess its perform.nce and robustness in the Casam.nce watershed. The version of the m.del with the calibrated param.ters will m.ke it possible to extend Casam.nce river flows to 2099. This sim.lation of future flows with GR2m.shows a decrease in the flow of the Casam.nce at Kolda with the two scenarios SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 during the rainy period, and alm.st zero flows during the dry season from.the period 2040-2059.

关键词： Casam.nce Watershed Clim.te Change GR2m Clim.te m.dels

Sinonasal Polyposis: About 60 Cases at Fann University Hospital Center, Senegal

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第1期13卷 53-61页

作者： m.m. Sanou Diouf m.ustapha ndiaye Ahm.dou Dem.ele Evelyne Siga Diom.Ciré ndiaye Am.dou Thiam.Richard E. A. Deguenonvo Abdou Sy m.lick ndiaye Abdourahm.ne Tall Issa Cheikh ndiaye Raym.nd Diouf HOGIP Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Fann University Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Ourossogui Hospital Center Matam Senegal La Paix Hospital Center Ziguinchor Senegal Children Hospital Center of Diam.iadio Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Sinonasal polyposis (SNP) is a chronic inflam.atory disease of the m.cosa of the nasal cavities and facial sinuses. It is characterized by an oedem.tous, m.ltifocal and bilateral degeneration of the nasosinus m.cosa, which originates in the lateral m.sses of the ethm.id, where it causes the form.tion of sm.oth, gelatinous, translucent and pyriform.polyp lesions. The objective of this study was to review epidem.ological, clinical, paraclinical data and evaluate the results of endoscopic surgical treatm.nt. Patients and m.thods: This is a retrospective study on 60 patients followed at the ENT departm.nt of the Fann National University Hospital Center, from.January 2010 to Decem.er 2015. All patients with sinonasal polyposis were included in the study. Results: The average age of our patients was 38 years and the sex ratio (m.F) was 0.8. In the patients’ histories, we found 18% asthm. and 10% Widal’s disease. The average consultation tim. was 8.5 years. All patients had consulted for nasal obstruction;rhinorrhea was bilateral and found in 67.7% of cases, with olfactory disorders accounting for 50%. The CT scan perform.d in 58% of cases m.de it possible to specify the extent of the lesions;the involvem.nt of the ethm.idal sinus was constant and extended to the other sinuses except in 2 cases. All patients had received m.dical treatm.nt with local corticosteroids. Endoscopic surgical treatm.nt was initiated in 43% of cases after failure of corticosteroid-based m.dical treatm.nt. The evolution under treatm.nt m.rked by the reappearance of sym.tom. that increased each m.nth. At one m.nth postoperatively, all clinical sym.tom.tology had im.roved with the exception of olfactory disorders, which persisted in 3 patients. At 12 m.nths we noted 12 cases of reappearance of nasal obstruction. Conclusion: SNP is a disease of little known etiology. The diagnosis is alm.st always clinical. Endoscopic surgery rem.ins a recourse to m.dical treatm.nt. For good local contro

关键词： Sinonasal Polyposis Endonasal Endoscopic Surgery CHNU Fann

Ecological Wastewater Treatm.nt System.Using a Horizontal Flow Biological Reactor: The Case of Vetiver

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2024年第1期15卷 26-38页

作者： Falilou Coundoul Abdou Khafor ndiaye Abdoulaye Dem. Polytechnic Institute of Saint-Louis Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis S&eacuten&eacutegal Applied Sciences and Technologies Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Saint-Louis S&eacuten&eacutegal

Confronted with the challenge of wastewater m.nagem.nt, particularly in the school environm.nt of Senegal, our study set out to achieve m.ltiple objectives. Following field surveys, laboratory analyses of wastewater sam.les were carried out, revealing a significant pollutant load. In the com.unity of Gandiol, near Saint-Louis (Senegal), the school of Ndiebene Gandiol 1 faces significant sanitation challenges. Our study aim.d to address this issue by using a constructed filter com.osed of two filtering bed cells m.asuring 12 × 8.5 m. preceded by a septic tank. We particularly focused on the influence of Vetiver;a plant chosen for its purification potential. Our analyses showed rem.rkable efficiency of the filter. Elim.nation rates reached 95% for 5-Day Biochem.cal Oxygen Dem.nd (BOD5), 91% for Chem.cal Oxygen Dem.nd (COD), and 92% for SS, far exceeding the Senegalese standards set at 50 m./L, 200 m./L, and 40 m./L, respectively. Furtherm.re, the concentration of fecal coliform. was reduced to 176 FCU/100m., well below the Senegalese threshold of 2000 FCU/100m. and close to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recom.endation of 1000 FCU/100m.. However, despite these prom.sing results, som. param.ters, particularly the concentration of certain pollutants, approached the thresholds defined by European legislation. For exam.le, for Suspended Solids (SS), the post-treatm.nt level of 3 m./L was well below the Senegalese standard but edged close to the European m.nim.m.of 10 m./L. In conclusion, the Vetiver filter dem.nstrated a rem.rkable ability to treat school wastewater, offering high pollutant elim.nation percentages. These results suggest significant opportunities for the reuse of treated water, potentially in areas such as irrigation, though som. adjustm.nts m.y be necessary to m.et the strictest standards such as those of the European union (EU).

关键词： Hydraulic Engineering Wastewater Quality Wastewater Treatm.nt Agricultural Irrigation Sanitation Engineering Environm.nt

m.trix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tim.-of-flight m.ss spectrom.try traces the geographical source of Biom.halaria pfeifferi and Bulinus forskali,involved in schistosom.asis transm.ssion

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 98-99页

作者： Papa m.uham.dou Gaye EI Hadj Ibrahim. ndiaye Souleym.ne Doucoure Doudou Sow m.penda Gaye Ndiaw Goum.alla Carole Cassagne Coralie L'Ollivier Oleg m.dianikov Cheikh Sokhna Stephane Ranque Aix-m.rseille University IRD AP-HM SSA VITROME Marseille France VITROm. International IRD-UCAD Campus Dakar Senegal Hospital-University Institut (IHU) m.diterranée Infection Marseille France Departem.nt of Anim.l Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques UCAD Dakar Senegal Departm.nt of Parasitology-m.cology UFR Sciences de la Santé Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal

Background Freshwater snails of the genera Bulinus spp.,Biom.halaria spp.,and Oncom.lania *** the m.in interm.diate hosts of hum.n and anim.l *** of these snails has long been based on m.r-phological and/or genom.c criteria,which have their *** lim.tations include a lack of precision for the m.rphological tool and cost and tim. for the DNA-based ***,m.trix-Assisted Laser Desorp-tion/lonization Tim.-Of-Flight(m.LDI-TOF)m.ss spectrom.try,a new tool used which is routinely in clinical m.crobi-ology,has em.rged in the field of m.lacology for the identification of freshwater *** study aim.d to evaluate the ability of m.LDI-TOF m. to identify Biom.halaria pfeifferi and Bulinus forskali snail populations according to their *** This study was conducted on 101 *** and 81 *** snails collected in three distinct geo-graphical areas of Senegal(the North-East,South-East and central part of the country),and supplem.nted with wild and laboratory *** which had previously been m.rphologically described were identified by m.LDl-TOF m.[identification log score values(LSV)≥1.7],after an initial blind test using the pre-existing *** DNA-based identification,new reference spectra of ***(n=10)and ***(n=5)from.the geographical areas were added to the m.LDI-TOF spectral *** final blind test against this updated database was per-form.d to assess identification at the geographic source *** m.LDI-TOF m. correctly identified 92.1%of 101 *** snails and 98.8%of 81 *** *** the final blind test,88%of 166 specim.ns were correctly identified according to both their species and sam.ling site,with LSVs ranging from.1.74 to *** geographical source was adequately identified in 90.1%of 91 *** and 85.3%of 75 *** *** Our findings dem.nstrate that m.LDI-TOF m. can identify and differe

关键词： m.trix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tim.-of-flight m.ss spectrom.try Snail Interm.diate host Biom.halaria pfeifferi Bulinus forskali Schistosom.asis Senegal

Design and Sizing of an Ecological Wastewater Treatm.nt System.in a School Environm.nt: A Case Study of Ndiebene Gandiol 1 School

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第1期16卷 41-57页

作者： Falilou Coundoul Abdou Khafor ndiaye Abdoulaye Dem. David de la Varga Polytechnic Institute of Saint-Louis Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Applied Sciences and Technologies Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Laboratory of Chem.cal-Physical and Chem.cal Engineering I University of A Coru&ntildea A Coru&ntildea Spain

The prim.ry objective of this study was to design and size a sustainable sanitation solution for the Ndiebene Gandiol 1 school located in the eponym.us com.une in northern Senegal. Field investigations led to the collection of wastewater sam.les. Their analysis revealed specific pollutant loads, including loads of BOD5 3.6966 kgO2/day and COD of 12.8775 kgO2/day, which were central to the design phase. Following a rigorous assessm.nt of the existing sanitation infrastructure, constructed wetland (CWs) em.rged as the m.st appropriate ecological solution. This system. valued for its ability to effectively rem.ve contam.nants, was tailored to the specific needs of the site. Consequently, the final design of the filter extends over 217.16 m.sup>2, divided into two cells of 108.58 m.sup>2 each, with dim.nsions of 12.77 m.in length and 8.5 m.in width. The depth of the filtering m.dium.is approxim.tely 0.60 m. m.eting the standards while ensuring m.xim.zed purification. Typha, an indigenous and prolific plant known for its purification abilities, was selected as the filtering agent. Concurrently, non-crushed gravel was chosen for its proven filtration capacity. This study is the result of a com.ination of scientific rigor and design expertise. It provides a holistic view of sanitation for Ndiebene Gandiol. The technical specifications and dim.nsions of the constructed wetland filter em.ody an approach that m.rries indepth analysis and practical application, all aim.d at delivering an effective and long-lasting solution to the local sanitation challenges. By integrating precise scientific data with sanitation design expertise, this study delivers a holistic solution for Ndiebene Gandiol. The detailed dim.nsions and specifications of the constructed wetland filter reflect a m.thodology that com.ines m.ticulous analysis with practical adaptation, aim.ng to provide an effective and sustainable response to the challenges of rural and school san

关键词： Water Review Hydraulic Engineering Water Treatm.nt Agricultural Irrigation Sanitation Engineering Environm.nt

Frailty in People Living with Hum.n Im.unodeficiency Virus Aged 50 Years and Older: Prevalence and Predictors

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World Journal of AIDS 2024年第1期14卷 18-34页

作者： Alassane ndiaye Ndèye Fatou Ngom.Kiné ndiaye Assiétou Gaye Elhadji Bara Diop Ahm.dou m.oup Houlèye Saou Bessoum. Sy Ababacar Niang Betty Fall m.m. Awa Faye Outpatient Treatm.nt Clinic (CTA) Dakar Senegal m.dicine Departm.nt of Health and Sustainable Developm.nt/Research and Training Unit (UFRSDD) Alioune Diop University of Bambey Diourbel Senegal Health and Developm.nt Institute (ISED) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Geriatrics and Gerontology Departm.nt Fann National Teaching Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Life expectancy im.rovem.nt for people living with Hum.n Im.unodeficiency Virus (HIV) is com.ng up against the problem. associated with aging and chronic diseases. Frailty is a concern affecting a growing num.er of patients, particularly the elderly in this population. Our study aim.d to determ.ne the prevalence of frailty and its predictors on people living with HIV aged 50 years and older followed at the Outpatient Treatm.nt Clinic (CTA) in Dakar. m.thodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study of descriptive and analytic purposes ranging from.Novem.er 2022 to August 2023, in CTA, Dakar (Senegal). We included people living with HIV aged 50 years and older under antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 m.nths (≥6 m.nths). Frailty was considered according to Fried criteria with a score ≥3. To identify the predictors of frailty, we perform.d a m.ltivariate logistic regression analysis using STATA software version 18. Results: We included 199 patients. The m.dian age at the m.m.nt of the study was 58 years old [50 - 91] with a sex ratio (m.F) of 0.58. The m.st representative age group was that of [50 - 59] years (59.3%). HIV-1 profile was m.st com.on in 89.45%. The m.dian duration under antiretroviral therapy was 180 m.nths [6 - 284] and 94% of patients received a Tenofovir Disoproxil Fum.rate (TDF)-containing regim.n with 43% of them.for at least 10 years. Viral load was undetectable (≤40 copies/m.) in 98% of cases. WHO Stage III was m.re com.on at inclusion and 55.78% had nadir TCD4+ Lym.hocyte counts Conclusion: Our study confirm. the high prevalence of frailty am.ng older people living with HIV. Its prevention should consider the m.nagem.nt of com.rbidities and the im.lem.ntation of non-pharm.cological interventions such as nutrition.

关键词： Frailty HIV Senior Dakar