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Optical parameters induced by phase transformation in RF magnetron sputtered TiO2 nanostructured thin films

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2014年第3期24卷 218-225页

作者： Prabitha b.Nair V.b.Justinvictor Georgi P.Daniel K.Joy K.C.James raju David Devraj Kumar P.V.Thomas Thin Film Lab Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics Mar Ivanios College School of Physics University of Hyderabad Central University P. O. College of Education Florida Atlantic University

Pure TiO2 thin films were deposited onto quartz substrates using a ceramic TiO2 target at an elevated substrate temperature of 573 K by RF magnetron sputtering, and an analysis of structural, optical and photoluminescence characteristics of the films upon phase transformation is reported in this paper. Structural investigations using X-ray diffraction revealed that the as-deposited film was amorphous in nature. Thermal annealing for 2 h at 873 K in air resulted in the formation of anatase phase, and a phase transformation to rutile was observed at 1073 *** increase in grain size and an improvement in crystallinity were also observed on annealing. Rod- like rutile crystallites were observed in the SEM images of the film annealed at 1273 K. As-deposited films and films annealed up to 1073 K were highly transparent in the visible region with a transparency 480%. Optical band gap of the films decreased upon thermal annealing which is attributed to phase transformation from amorphous to anatase and then to rutile. Optical parameters such as refractive index, optical conductivity and optical dielectric constant increased with increase in annealing temperature. Since rutile is the optically active phase, the superior refractive index of the film annealed at 1073 K along with its high transparency in visible region suggests the application of this film in antireflective coatings. Photoluminescence emission of maximum intensity was observed for the film annealed at 873 K, which exhibits anatase phase. Intense blue emission observed in this film makes it suitable for use in optoelectronic display devices.

关键词： RF magnetron sputtering TiO2thin films Dislocation density Optical conductivity Photoluminescence

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A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Location-Specific Calibration of Rainfed Maize Cropping in the Context of Smallholder Farming in West Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2025年第1期16卷 89-111页

作者： Moussa Waongo Patrick Laux Jan bliefernicht Amadou Coulibaly Seydou b. Traore Training and Research Department Agrhymet Reional Centre Niamey Niger Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Campus Alpin Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany Institute of Geography University of Augsburg Augsburg Germany

Smallholder farming in West Africa faces various challenges, such as limited access to seeds, fertilizers, modern mechanization, and agricultural climate services. Crop productivity obtained under these conditions varies significantly from one farmer to another, making it challenging to accurately estimate crop production through crop models. This limitation has implications for the reliability of using crop models as agricultural decision-making support tools. To support decision making in agriculture, an approach combining a genetic algorithm (GA) with the crop model AquaCrop is proposed for a location-specific calibration of maize cropping. In this approach, AquaCrop is used to simulate maize crop yield while the GA is used to derive optimal parameters set at grid cell resolution from various combinations of cultivar parameters and crop management in the process of crop and management options calibration. Statistics on pairwise simulated and observed yields indicate that the coefficient of determination varies from 0.20 to 0.65, with a yield deviation ranging from 8% to 36% across burkina Faso (bF). An analysis of the optimal parameter sets shows that regardless of the climatic zone, a base temperature of 10˚C and an upper temperature of 32˚C is observed in at least 50% of grid cells. The growing season length and the harvest index vary significantly across bF, with the highest values found in the Soudanian zone and the lowest values in the Sahelian zone. Regarding management strategies, the fertility mean rate is approximately 35%, 39%, and 49% for the Sahelian, Soudano-sahelian, and Soudanian zones, respectively. The mean weed cover is around 36%, with the Sahelian and Soudano-sahelian zones showing the highest variability. The proposed approach can be an alternative to the conventional one-size-fits-all approach commonly used for regional crop modeling. Moreover, it has the potential to explore the performance of cropping strategies to adapt to changing climat

关键词： Smallholder Farming AquaCrop Genetics Algorithm Optimization Maize burkina Faso

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Improved neurological diagnoses and treatment strategies via automated human brain tissue segmentation from clinical magnetic resonance imaging

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 161-169页

作者： Puranam Revanth Kumar Rajesh Kumar Jha P Akhendra Kumar b Deevena raju Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyICFAI Foundation for Higher EducationHyderabadIndia Department of Data Science&AI Faculty of Science and TechnologyICFAI Foundation for Higher EducationHyderabadIndia

Objective Segmentation of medical images is a crucial process in various image analysis *** segmentation methods excel in accuracy when compared to manual segmentation in the context of medical image *** of the essential phases in the quantitative analysis of the brain is automated brain tissue segmentation using clinically obtained magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)*** allows for precise quantitative examination of the brain,which aids in diagnosis,identification,and classification of ***,the efficacy of the segmentation approach is crucial to disease diagnosis and treatment *** This study presented a hybrid optimization method for segmenting brain tissue in clinical MRI scans us-ing a fractional Henry horse herd gas optimization-based Shepard convolutional neural network(FrHHGO-based ShCNN).To segment the clinical brain MRI images into white matter(WM),grey matter(GM),and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)tissues,the proposed framework was evaluated on the Lifespan Human Connectome Projects(HCP)*** hybrid optimization algorithm,FrHHGO,integrates the fractional Henry gas optimization(FHGO)and horse herd optimization(HHO)*** required 30 min,whereas testing and segmentation of brain tissues from an unseen image required an average of 12 *** Compared to the results obtained with no refinements,the Skull stripping refinement showed significant *** the method included a preprocessing stage,it was flexible enough to enhance image quality,allowing for better results even with low-resolution *** precision of 93.2%,recall of 91.5%,Dice score of 91.1%,and F1-score of 90.5% were achieved using the proposed FrHHGO-based ShCNN,which was superior to all other approaches.

关键词： brain tissue segmentation Deep learning Magnetic resonance imaging Optimization technique Shepard convolutional neural network

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Potential of ultrasound stimulation and sonogenetics in vision restoration:a narrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第12期20卷 3501-3516页

作者： Jie Ji Chen Gong Gengxi Lu Junhang Zhang baoqiang Liu Xunan Liu Junhao Lin Patrick Wang biju b.Thomas Mark S.Humayun Qifa Zhou Department of biomedical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA USC Roski Eye Institute Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Harvard Westlake School Studio CityCAUSA

Vision restoration presents a considerable challenge in the realm of regenerative medicine,while recent progress in ultrasound stimulation has displayed potential as a non-invasive therapeutic *** narrative review offers a comprehensive overview of current research on ultrasound-stimulated neuromodulation,emphasizing its potential as a treatment modality for various nerve *** examining of the efficacy of different types of ultrasound stimulation in modulating peripheral and optic nerves,we can delve into their underlying molecular ***,the review underscores the potential of sonogenetics in vision restoration,which involves leveraging pharmacological and genetic manipulations to inhibit or enhance the expression of related mechanosensitive channels,thereby modulating the strength of the ultrasound *** also address how methods such as viral transcription can be utilized to render specific neurons or organs highly responsive to ultrasound,leading to significantly improved therapeutic outcomes.

关键词： neuromodulation non-invasive optic nerve injury retinal degeneration sonogenetics ultrasound stimulation visual restoration

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In situ spontaneous emission control of MoSe2-WSe2 interlayer excitons with high quantum yield

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Photonics Research 2025年第1期13卷 210-224页

作者： bO HAN CHIRAG C.PALEKAR FREDERIK LOHOF SVEN STEPHAN VICTOR N.MITRYAKHIN JENS-CHRISTIAN DRAWER ALEXANDER STEINHOFF LUKAS LACKNER MARTIN SILIES báRbARA ROSA MARTIN ESMANN FALK EILENbERGER CHRISTOPHER GIES STEPHAN REITZENSTEIN CHRISTIAN SCHNEIDER Institut für Physik Fakult?t VCarl von Ossietzky Universit?t Oldenburg Institut für Festk?rperphysik Technische Universit?t Berlin Institute for Theoretical Physics and bremen Center for Computational Material Science Universit?t Bremen Institute for Lasers and Optics Hochschule Emden/Leer Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF Institute of Applied Physics Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich Schiller Universit?t Jena Max Planck School of Photonics

Optical resonators are a powerful platform to control the spontaneous emission dynamics of excitons in solidstate nanostructures. We study a MoSe2-WSe2heterostructure that is integrated in a cryogenic open optical microcavity to gain insights into fundamental optical properties of the emergent interlayer excitons. First, we utilize a low-quality-factor planar open cavity and investigate the modification of the excitonic lifetime as on-and offresonance conditions are met with consecutive longitudinal modes.

关键词： Cavity quantum electrodynamics Nanostructures Optical properties Optical resonators Quantum fluctuations Zeeman effect

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Sediment Quality Assessment on bartlett Pond in Laredo, Southern Texas, USA

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2025年第1期15卷 43-69页

作者： Maya P. bhatt Ganesh b. Malla Amede Rubio Alfred Addo-Mensah Department of biology and Chemistry Texas A&M International University University Boulevard Laredo Texas USA Departjment of Mathematics Computer Geology and Physics University of Cincinnati-Clermont College Clermont Drive Batavia OH USA

This study evaluates the dynamics of trace metals impacts on the ecosystems of the bartlett Pond, a small shallow wetland pond located in Laredo, Texas by analyzing sediment samples taken from four quadrants of the pond. The concentrations of trace elements in sediment samples are highest for iron (Fe), followed by chromium (Cr), then lead (Pb), with lower concentration of antimony (Sb), cobalt (Co), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and the lowest concentration being thallium (Tl) within bartlett Pond. The sediment quality of the pond is acceptable for organisms and the environment as trace element concentrations (e.g. As, Cd, Cr, and Pb) are within the probable effect concentration (PEC) of National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) guidelines although the PEC values for Co, Fe, Sb and Tl are not given. bivariate and multivariate correlation analysis shows that most trace elements exhibit a strong positive correlation among them indicating the same anthropogenic sources and biogeochemical processes control these trace elements concentrations within the pond. We provided a comprehensive snapshot of trace element concentrations in sediments through descriptive analysis, laying the foundation for future environmental risk assessments. Correlation analysis of eight trace elements helped identify relationships, offering insights into pollution sources and potential health impacts. Additionally, univariate and multivariate predictive analyses generated numerous models, extending beyond the interpretation of partial and full regression coefficients. We also included graphical analyses of trace element variations, which are critical for understanding environmental processes and geochemical patterns. These findings advance our understanding about trace metals dynamics in sediments and may be a valuable reference for ecosystems and environmental management of different landscapes.

关键词： Trace Elements Sediment Wetlands bartlett Pond Ecosystem Ecology

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Defect induced room-temperature ferromagnetism and enhanced photocatalytic activity in Ni-doped ZnO synthesized by electrodeposition

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Chinese Physics b 2020年第10期29卷 566-572页

作者： Deepika raju Kumar Ritesh Kumar Kamdeo Prasad Yadav Pratyush Vaibhav Seema Sharma Rakesh Kumar Singh Santosh Kumar College o f Commerce Arts and SciencePatna.BiharIndia Jaypee University o f Engineering and Technology GunaMadhya PradeshIndia Anugrah Narayan College PatnaBiharIndia Aryabhatta Knowledge University PatnaBiharIndia

Zn0.90Ni0.10O nanoparticles have been synthesized by single-bath two-electrode electrodeposition at constant voltage. X-ray diffraction, UV vis and photoluminescence studies reveal that a single-phase polycrystalline hcp wurtzite crystal structure of ZnO is evolved. The material consists of a large number of defects such as oxygen vacancy (Ov) and zinc interstitial (Zi). The magnetization study reveals that the sample exhibits room-temperature global ferromagnetism and the ferromagnetic ordering seems to be defect induced via bound magnetic polaron mechanism, and double exchange is also expected to have played role. Interesting optoelectronic properties have been found in the synthesized sample and the material seems to be a potential candidate to be used as a UV sensor. Such a transition metal doped ZnO based dilute magnetic semiconducting system exhibiting room-temperature ferromagnetism is likely to be first of its kind in the sense that such materials have not yet been reported to be synthesized by the simple method of electrodeposition to the best of our knowledge on the basis of ample literature review.

关键词： dilute magnetic semiconductors(DMS) bound magnetic polaron photoluminescence ferromagnetism

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Platform for laser-driven X-ray diagnostics of heavy-ion heated extreme states of matter

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2025年第1期10卷 57-71页

作者： P.Hesselbach J.Lütgert V.bagnoud R.belikov O.Humphries b.Lindqvist G.Schaumann A.Sokolov A.Tauschwitz D.Varentsov K.Weyrich b.Winkler X.Yu b.Zielbauer D.Kraus D.Riley Zs.Major P.Neumayer Institut für Angewandte Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue Str.160438 FrankfurtGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany Institut für Physik Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.2318059 RostockGermany Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany Helmholtz Institut Jena Fröbelstieg 307743 JenaGermany Institut für Geowissenschaften Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainAltenhöferallee 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.964289 DarmstadtGermany Centre for Light-Matter Interaction School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastUniversity RoadBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom

We report on commissioning experiments at the high-energy,high-temperature(HHT)target area at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH,Darmstadt,Germany,combining for the first time intense pulses of heavy ions from the SIS18 synchrotron with high-energy laser pulses from the PHELIX laser *** demonstrate the use of X-ray diagnostic techniques based on intense laserdriven X-ray sources,which will allow probing of large samples volumetrically heated by the intense heavy-ion beams.A new target chamber as well as optical diagnostics for ion-beam characterization and fast pyrometric temperature measurements complement the experimental *** platform is designed for experiments at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe GmbH(FAIR),where unprecedented ion-beam intensities will enable the generation of millimeter-sized samples under high-energy-density conditions.

关键词： heated intense extreme

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burden,stress and depression in caregivers of cirrhosis patients before and after liver transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第2期15卷 276-287页

作者： Adriano Virches Mariana b Claudino Maria C Miyazaki Eliane T Miyazaki Renato F Silva Rita C Silva Heitor b Farias Neide A Domingos Randolfo Santos Jr Patricia S Fucuta Department of Psychology School of Medicine of São Josédo Rio Preto(FAMERP/Faculdade de Medicina de São Josédo Rio Preto)São Josédo Rio Preto 15090-000São PauloBrazil Department of Surgery and Study Group of Liver Tumors-GETF and Liver and Small Intestine Transplantation Unit School of Medicine of São Josédo Rio Preto and Base HospitalSão Josédo Rio Preto 15090-000São PauloBrazil Department of Gastroenterology and Liver and Small Intestine Transplantation Unit School of Medicine of São Josédo Rio Preto and Base HospitalSão Josédo Rio Preto 15090-000São PauloBrazil Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Psychology Pontifical Catholic University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 32604-115Minas GeraisBrazil Stricto Sensu Graduate Program in Psychology and Health School of Medicine of São Josédo Rio PretoSão Josédo Rio Preto 15090-000São PauloBrazil Department of Medicine Faceres Medical SchoolSão Josédo Rio Preto 15090-305São PauloBrazil

bACKGROUND Family caregivers of cirrhosis patients(CPs)often experience burden,stress,and *** whether these conditions improve following the patient undergoing liver transplantation(LT)is crucial,as it would elucidate the compre-hensive benefits of the procedure and demonstrate the positive impacts not only on the patients but also on their caregivers and *** To compare the levels of burden,stress and depression among family caregivers of cirrhotic and liver transplant *** This cross-sectional observational study evaluated caregivers of CPs and LT recipients at a quaternary brazilian *** included identification cards,interview scripts,the caregiver burden scale Inventory,Lipp’s Stress Symptom Inventory,and the beck Depression Inventory-Second *** analyses involved confirmatory factor analysis and calculation of McDonald’s omega and composite *** scores were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test,with effect size as the rank-biserial correlation coefficient(r).Statistical analysis was performed with R software(Pbe at risk of overload(21.5%vs 49.4%),to be under stress(33.8%vs 36.4%)and to show symptoms of depression(15.4%vs 35.1%).Compared with LT caregivers,CP caregivers had greater median factor scores for burden(general tension,P=0.012;isolation,P=0.014;disappointment,P=0.004),depression(P=0.008),and stress(P=0.047),with small to moderate effect *** disappointment(r=0.240)and depression(r=0.225)dimensions had the largest effect *** Family caregivers of LT recipients are less likely to exhibit symptoms of burden,stress,and depression,su

关键词： Mental disorders Caregiver burden Psychological stress Depressive disorder Chronic disease Liver cirrhosis Transplant recipients Liver transplantation

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Phylogenetic analysis and biological characteristic tests of marine bacteria isolated from Southern Ocean(Indian sector)water

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第8期34卷 73-82页

作者： GUPTA Pratibha bALAJI raju PARANI M CHANDRA T S SHUKLA P KUMAR Anil bANDOPADHYAY Rajib Department of bio-Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Department of Genetic Engineering Kattankulathur Campus SRM University Microbiology and Genetics Laboratory Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Madras Department of Microbiology Maharshi Dayanand University OSSG Department National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research Ministry of Earth Sciences Government of India UGC Centre of Advanced Study Department of Botany the University of Burdwan

Fifty-seven bacteria were isolated from Southern Ocean （Indian sector） water samples which were collected from different latitude and longitude of the ocean. All the isolates were able to grow at 4℃, 20℃, 37℃ and tolerable NaCI concentration up to 13.5% （w/v）. 29 out of 57 isolates were identified using 16S rDNA amplification and the sequences were submitted to National Center for biotechnology Information （NCbI）. All the isolates were classified by using Ribosomal Database Project （RDP） and found that isolates belongs to Proteobacteria and bacteriodes. The average G＋C content was 56.4%. The isolates were screened for the presence of extracellular enzymes, viz. amylase, catalase, urease, esterase, lipase and protease. The disc diffusion method is used to screen antibiotic production by the isolates against four pathogenic bacteria, viz. Salmonella typhimurium （NCIM 2501）, Staphylococcus aureus （NCIM 2122）, bacillus subtilis （NCIM 2193）, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa （NCIM 2036）. Nine out of 29 were found to be antibiotic producer.

关键词： Southern Ocean marine bacteria 16S rDNA phylogenetic tree antibacterial

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