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Finding an Effective Distance between T-Cell and b-Cell Using S/W ArQ in an Immune System Communication

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China Communications 2020年第1期17卷 174-185页

作者： Sanjit Ningthoujam Tekcham Chingkheinganba Swarnendu K chakraborty Dept.of Computer Science and Engineering NIT Arunachal Pradesh

In this paper,we present the effective distance between T-cell and b-cell in an immune system using Stop and Wait(S/W)Automatic repeat request(ArQ).The concentration of the molecules can be increased by increasing the transmitting number of molecules but it may reduce the performance of communication due to higher collision or interference with other *** is also reported in the literature that the concentration of the emitted molecules reduces if the distance from Transmitter(Tx)to receiver(rx)***,this paper mainly focuses on enhancing the receiver’s capture probability and higher successful complete transmission of the desired molecules by obtaining the effective distance from T-cell to *** order to find the effective distance,T-cell transmits the molecules 1(Interleukins-2)to b-cell,upon successful reception of molecules 1,antibodies(molecules 2)transmit back to ***,the effective distance of an immune system can be obtained after T-cell detects the concentration of the molecules 2 with respect to *** schemes of S/W ArQ protocols have implemented in Molecular Communication(MC)but it requires retransmission of duplicate copies due to the lack of addressing an effective ***,the simulations are performed in MATLAb and the results obtain higher capture probability and also successful complete transmission of the desired molecules.

关键词： T-cell b-cell MC antigens antibodies diffusion coefficient(D) round trip time(rTT)

Effect of COOH-functionalized SWCNT addition on the electrical and photovoltaic characteristics of Malachite Green dye based photovoltaic cells

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第12期35卷 32-37页

作者： S.chakraborty N.b.Manik Condensed Matter Physics research Center Department of Physics Jadavpur University

We report the effect of COOH-functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes（COOH-SWCNT） on the electrical and photovoltaic characteristics of Malachite Green（MG） dye based photovoltaic cells. Two different types of photovoltaic cells were prepared, one with MG dye and another by incorporating COOH-SWCNT with this dye. Cells were characterized through different electrical and photovoltaic measurements including photocurrent measurements with pulsed radiation. From the dark current–voltage（I–V） characteristic results, we observed a certain transition voltage（Vth/ for both the cells beyond which the conduction mechanism of the cells change sharply. For the MG dye, Vthis 3.9 V whereas for COOH-SWCNT mixed with this dye, Vthdrops to 2.7 V. The device performance improves due to the incorporation of COOH-SWCNT. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current density change from 4.2 to 97 m V and from 108 to 965 A/cm2 respectively. Observations from photocurrent measurements show that the rate of growth and decay of the photocurrent are quite faster in the presence of COOH-SWCNT. This observation indicates a faster charge separation processes due to the incorporation of COOHSWCNT in the MG dye cells. The high aspect ratio of COOH-SWCNT allows efficient conduction pathways for the generated charge carriers.

关键词： MG dye COOH-SWCNT photovoltaic devices charge transport

Effect of magnetic field on Oldroyd-b type nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching surface

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Propulsion and Power research 2018年第3期7卷 238-246页

作者： Kalidas Das Tanmoy chakraborty Prabir Kumar Kundu Department of Mathematics A.B.N.Seal CollegeCooch BeharWest Bengal 736101India Department of Engineering Science Academy of TechnologyHooghly 712121India Department of Mathematics Jadavpur UniversityKolkataWest Bengal 700032India

This article is conceded to explore the influence of magnetic flux on a two dimensional incompressible Oldroyd-b type nanofluid past a heat generating/absorbing permeable expanding *** by some appropriate similarity transformations,the fundamental PDEs are converted into a self similar system of coupled,non-linear *** findings are gained by taking the help of the runge–Kutta Gill based Shooting *** visualize the influences of related parameters concerning the flow,on velocity,temperature and concentration distributions are represented through *** fallouts for the local Nusselt number and Sherwood number are charted for various parametric situations to offer interesting aspects of the *** existence of magnetic flux the momentum boundary layer width declines rapidly with relaxation time and velocity slip whereas,the temperature boundary layer width enhances significantly with heat source,brownian motion and thermophoresis *** Nusselt number falls a lot with heat source,velocity slip and brownian motion parameter but reverse result is notified for Sherwood number for the ***,the obtained numerical outcomes for particular cases are compared with those of the existing data in the open literature and,are found in excellent harmony.

关键词： Oldroyd-b type nanofluid Slip velocity Magnetic field Heat generation/absorption Suction/injection

Contribution of biodiversity to ecosystem functioning:a non-equilibrium thermodynamic perspective

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Journal of Arid Land 2011年第1期3卷 71-74页

作者： Amit chakraborty b Larry LI Ecological Complexity and Modeling Laboratory Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of California XIEG-UCr International Center for Arid Land Ecology University of California

Ecosystem stays far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Through the interactions among biotic and abiotic components, and encompassing physical environments, ecosystem forms a dissipative struc- ture that allows it to dissipate energy continuously and thereby remains functional over time. biotic regulation of energy and material fluxes in and out of the ecosystem allows it to maintain a homeostatic state which corresponds to a self-organized state emerged in a non-equilibrium thermodynamic system. While the associated self-organizational processes approach to homeostatic state, entropy （a measure of irre- versibility） degrades and dissipation of energy increases. We propose here that at a homeostatic state of ecosystem, biodiversity which includes both phenotypic and functional diversity, attains optimal values. As long as biodiversity remains within its optimal range, the corresponding homeostatic state is maintained. However, while embedded environmental conditions fluctuate along the gradient of accelerating changes, phenotypic diversity and functional diversity contribute inversely to the associated self-organizing proc- esses. Furthermore, an increase or decrease in biodiversity outside of its optimal range makes the eco- system vulnerable to transition into a different state.

关键词： ecosystem self-organization non-equilibrium thermodynamics functional diversity phenotypic diversity

Spatial organization of multiple plant species in arid ecosystems:linking patterns and processes

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Journal of Arid Land 2010年第1期2卷 9-13页

作者： Amit chakraborty b.Larry LI Ecological Complexity and Modeling Laboratory Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of California Center for Conservation biology University of California XIEG-UCr International Center for Arid Land Ecology University of California

Spatial organization of multiple plant species that appears as a non-random distribution of vegetative patches is one of the mostly observed spatial patterns in arid ecosystems. Yet understanding of ecological processes allowing this spatial pattern to emerge through interspecific interactions is still lacking. With a proposed conceptual model involving interspecific trade-offs between species competitive ability and colonization ability, we have argued that within patch abundance dynamics regulated by the mechanisms of competition are strongly influenced by the between patches colonization dynamics that are maintained via this trade-offs and it holds a positive, intraspecific occupancy-abundance relationship, in which increased patch occupancy increases species density within inhabiting patches. In a constant environment, while local abundance dynamics approach toward a stable equilibrium point, a fixed spatial arrangement of species can be retained through this coupled dynamics. However, in fluctuating environments where existence of such stable equilibriums is highly uncertain, it may involve continuous transitions from one community state to another as species re-organized themselves over space through the rapid changes in local species abundances. While some of the inhabiting patches are destroyed exogenously or endogenously, or species responses to increasing environmental fluctuations vary increasingly with time, discontinuous transitions into an abrupt, irreversible state of the community dynamics may occur, as with this effect the inherent positive relationship between occupancy and abundance of species is no longer maintained.

关键词： spatial organization competition-colonization tradeoffs spatial coexistence occupancy-abundance relationship

Dissipation of pencycuron in rice plant

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science b(biomedicine & biotechnology) 2005年第8期6卷 756-758页

作者： PAL r. CHAKrAbArTI K chakraborty A CHOWDHUrY A Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Calcutta UniversityCalcutta Pin-700 019 IndiaDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Calcutta UniversityCalcutta Pin-700 019 IndiaDepartment of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Mohanpur West BengalPin-741 252 IndiaDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science Calcutta UniversityCalcutta Pin-700 019 India

Pencycuron is a non-systemic protective fungicide for controlling sheath blight of rice. However, information on the fate of pencycuron in rice plant is lacking. The degradation of pencycuron in waterlogged tropic rice field was *** was applied at recommended field dose (187.5 g a.i./ha) and double recommended dose to cropped plots for three consecutive years. Pencycuron was rapidly degraded in rice plant at all doses of pencycuron application with first order half-lives of 1.57～2.77 d. The study revealed that pencycuron is safe from the human and environmental contamination point of view.

关键词： Pencycuron Dissipation rice plant Sheath blight rhizoctonia solani

Effect of single walled carbon nanotubes on series resistance of rose bengal and Methyl red dye-based organic photovoltaic device

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Journal of Semiconductors 2018年第9期39卷 15-21页

作者： K.chakraborty S.chakraborty N.b.Manik Condensed Matter Physics research Centre Department of Physics Jadavpur University

The influence of single walled carbon nanotube（SWCNT）on the series resistanceof rose bengal（rb）and Methyl red（Mr）dye-based organic diodes has been *** has been revealed from experimental results that SWCNT has a significant effect on *** values of rs are measured from current–voltage（I–V）characteristics and also by utilizing the Cheung *** values from the Cheung method have been verified using H（I）–I plots for all dye-based *** extracted values using these two processes show a good consistency with each *** is observed that rs is reduced significantly by incorporating SWCNT for both *** estimated amounts of reduction of rs using SWCNT are 76.08%and 64.23%obtained from the I–V relationship whereas the value of rs shows a reduction of 83.5%and 67.1%when measured by using the Cheung method for rb and Mr dyes *** ideality factor and barrier height of the diodes have also been *** ideality factor has decreased with incorporation of SWCNT.A reduction in barrier height for the devices has also been observed in the presence of SWCNT.

关键词： SWCNT series resistance OPV barrier potential ideality factor

Application of response surface methodology(rSM) for optimization of leaching parameters for ash reduction from low-grade coal

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第4期28卷 617-625页

作者： Sushanta Kumar behera Himanshu Meena Sudipto chakraborty b.C.Meikap Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering Howard College University of Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN)

Coal is the world＇s most abundant energy source because of its abundance and relatively low cost. Due to the scarcity in the supply of high-grade coal, it is necessary to use low-.grade coal for fulfilling energy demands of modern civilization. However, due to ItS high ash and moisture content, low-grade coal exerts the substantial impact on their consumption like pyrolysis, liquefaction, gasification and combus- tion process. The present research aimed to develop the efficient technique for the production of clean coal by optimizing the operating parameters with the help of response surface methodology. The effect of three independent variables such as hydrofluoric acid （HF） concentration （10-20% by vo!ume ）,. temper- ature （60-100 ~C）, and time （90-180 min）, for ash reduction from the low-grade coal was Investigated.. A quadratic model was proposed to correlate the independent variables for maximum ash reduction at the optimum process condition by using central composite design （CC.D）method. The study reveals that HF concentration was the most effective parameter for ash reduction in comparison with time and temper- ature. It may be due to the higher F-statistics value for HF concentration, which effects to large extent of ash reduction. The characterization of coal was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIr） analysis and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray （FESEM- EDX） analysis for confirmation of the ash reduction.

关键词： Low-grade coal Hydrofluoric acid (HF)Leaching Ash reduction response surface methodology

Effect of interface adhesion factor on the bearing capacity of strip footing placed on cohesive soil overlying rock mass

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 1494-1503页

作者： Shuvankar DAS Debarghya chakraborty Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur 721302India

The problem related to bearing capacity of footing either on pure soil or on pure rock mass has been investigated over the ***,no study deals with the bearing capacity of strip footing on a cohesive soil layer overlying rock ***,by implementing the lower bound finite element limit analysis in conjunction with the second-order cone programming and the power cone programming,the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip footing located on a cohesive soil overlying rock mass is determined in this *** considering the different values of interface adhesion factor(α_(cr))between the cohesive soil and rock mass,the ultimate bearing capacity of strip footing is expressed in terms of influence factor(I _(f))for different values of cohesive soil layer cover ratio(T_(cs)/b).The failure of cohesive soil is modeled by using Mohr−Coulomb yield criterion,whereas Generalized Hoek−brown yield criterion is utilized to model the rock mass at *** variations of I_(f) with different magnitudes of α_(cr) are studied by considering the influence of the rock mass strength parameters of beneath rock mass *** examine stress distribution at different depths,failure patterns are also plotted.

关键词： bearing capacity soil-rock interface Hoek−brown yield criterion plasticity limit analysis