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Epidemiology of opportunistic invasive fungal infections in China： review of literature

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第2期126卷 361-368页

作者： LIAO Yong CHEN Min Thomas hartmann YANG Rong-ya LIAO Wan-qing Department of Dermatology General Hospital of Beijing MilitaryCommand Beijing 100700 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology Institute of Dermatology and Mycosis of Changzheng HospitalSecond Military Medical University Shanghai 200003 China State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing I O0101 China

Objective To summarize the recent findings on the epidemiology of medically important, opportunistic invasive fungal infections （IFIs） in China and discuss the relevant social, economical reasons and medical factors. Data sources We performed a comprehensive search of both English and Chinese literatures of opportunistic IFIs from China up to April 2012. Study selection Relevant literatures involving researches and cases/case sedes were identified, retrieved and reviewed. Results The incidence of opportunistic IFIs in China was steadily increasing. The incidence and mortality of IFIs were different in patients with various underlying conditions/diseases, from 4.12% to 41.18% and 9.8% to 60.0%, respectively. Candida species, Aspergillus species and Cryptococcus neoformans species complex were the most frequent isolated pathogens. Other uncommon opportunistic IFIs were also been reported, including trichosporonosis, mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis （hyaline hyphomycetes） and phaeohyphomycosis （dematiaceous hyphomycetes）. Reports of Chinese patients differed from those of many other countries as there were a higher number of patients without identifiable underlying diseases/conditions. Conclusions because of the rapid economic development, changing population structure and a growing number of immunocompromised hosts with risk factors, today opportunistic IFIs in China have a significant impact on public health, associated with high morbidity/mortality and higher care costs. Now information related to the epidemiology of opportunistic IFIs in China is still sparse, so we need more organized groups of clinical scientists performing related researches to help the clinicians to obtain more accurate epidemiological characteristics.

关键词： China, opportunistic fungal infection, Candida Aspergillus Cryptococcus

Separation of hematite from banded hematite jasper(bHJ) by magnetic coating

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第2期22卷 437-444页

作者： Subhashree Singh H.Sahoo S.S.Rath b.b.Palei b.Das CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology

The separation of iron oxide from banded hematite jasper(bHJ) assaying 47.8% Fe, 25.6% Si O2 and 2.30%Al2O3 using selective magnetic coating was studied. Characterization studies of the low grade ore indicate that besides hematite and goethite,jasper, a microcrystalline form of quartzite, is the major impurity associated with this ore. beneficiation by conventional magnetic separation technique could yield a magnetic concentrate containing 60.8% Fe with 51% Fe recovery. In order to enhance the recovery of the iron oxide minerals, fine magnetite, colloidal magnetite and oleate colloidal magnetite were used as the coating material. When subjected to magnetic separation, the coated ore produces an iron concentrate containing 60.2% Fe with an enhanced recovery of56%. The AFM studies indicate that the coagulation of hematite particles with the oleate colloidal magnetite facilitates the higher recovery of iron particles from the low grade bHJ iron ore under appropriate conditions.

关键词： banded hematite jasper ore selective coating oleate colloidal magnetite magnetic separation atomic force microscopy

The gravity field and gravity data reduction across the continental area of Nigeria

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2023年第3期14卷 304-320页

作者： Oluwatimilehin b.balogun Isaac b.Osazuwa Department of Geosciences Mountain Top UniversityPrayer CityOgun StateNigeria Department of Geophysics Federal UniversityOye-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria

This research presents the variation of the gravity field and associated gravity field components over the continental area of Nigeria to provide data for geoscience research,geodetic and engineering works,aerodynamic studies and deep crustal *** positions and elevations were observed at 58 of the 59 base stations of the Primary Gravity Network of Nigeria(PGNN),whose absolute gravity values had been accurately *** absolute gravity values were plotted against their respective positions to reveal the distribution pattern and strength of the gravity field within the study *** gravity values at each base station were generated using the Somigliana's *** free-air gravity and free-air anomaly gravity values were generated with respect to the World Geodetic System 1984(WGS84)ellipsoid using GPS-derived elevation ***,the perturbing potential,free-air gravity with respect to the geoid,and the indirect effects were *** average of the indirect effects was used to adjust the WGS84 gravity formula to produce a gravity formula that better approximates the geoid across the continental area of Nigeria,compatible with the heights measured relative to the geoid,which can serve as a reference for establishing a vertical height *** bouguer gravity and bouguer gravity anomalies across Nigeria revealed a“trans-southern gravity high strip”interpreted to be associated with mantle *** new major mega-lineaments related to mantle upwelling were mapped.A batholith province trending NWeSE was delineated,occurring from north central Nigeria to the north western region and containing closures of“bouguer gravity lows”interpreted as batholiths.A separate closure of“bouguer gravity low”was detected at Azare,north eastern Nigeria,which may be due to the presence of intrusive granitic *** is recommended that the mantle structure beneath“the trans-southern gravity high strip”,“delineated batholith province”and“isolat

关键词： Absolute gravity Continental Nigeria landmass Primary gravity network of Nigeria(PGNN) WGS84 ellipsoid Indirect effect Height datum

Theoretical and numerical investigation of HF elastic wave propagation in two-dimensional periodic beam lattices

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2013年第6期29卷 783-798页

作者： b.Tie b.Y.Tian D.Aubry Laboratory MSSMat(UMR-CNRS 8579) Ecole Centrale ParisGrande Voie des Vignes92295 Chatenay-Malabry CedexFrance

The elastic wave propagation phenomena in two-dimensional periodic beam lattices are studied by using the bloch wave transform. The numerical modeling is applied to the hexagonal and the rectangular beam lattices, in which, both the in-plane （with respect to the lattice plane） and out-of-plane waves are considered. The dispersion relations are obtained by calculating the bloch eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes. The frequency bandgaps are observed and the influence of the elastic and geometric properties of the primitive cell on the bandgaps is studied. by analyzing the phase and the group velocities of the bloch wave modes, the anisotropic behaviors and the dispersive characteristics of the hexagonal beam lattice with respect to the wave prop- agation are highlighted in high frequency domains. One im- portant result presented herein is the comparison between the first bloch wave modes to the membrane and bend- ing/transverse shear wave modes of the classical equivalent homogenized orthotropic plate model of the hexagonal beam lattice. It is shown that, in low frequency ranges, the homog- enized plate model can correctly represent both the in-plane and out-of-plane dynamic behaviors of the beam lattice, its frequency validity domain can be precisely evaluated thanks to the bloch modal analysis. As another important and original result, we have highlighted the existence of the retro- propagating bloch wave modes with a negative group veloc- ity, and of the corresponding ＂retro-propagating＂ frequency bands.

关键词： Elastic wave propagation Periodic beam lattice bloch wave theory bandgaps Anisotropy Disper- sion relation

Earth return path impedances of underground cable for three-layer earth

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2009年第8期10卷 1191-1198页

作者： b.HEMMATIAN b.VAHIDI S.H.HOSSEINIAN Department of Electrical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology

One of the factors that affect the parameters of an underground cable is earth return path *** developed a formula for the case of one-layer(homogenous) *** in practice the earth is composed of several *** this study we develop a new formula for earth return path impedance in the case of a three-layer *** check the accuracy of the obtained results,a comparison has been made with the finite element method(FEM).A comparison between the results of the Pollaczek formula and results of the obtained formula for a three-layer earth has been made,showing that the use of the Pollaczek formula instead of the actual formula can cause serious errors.

关键词： Underground cables Earth return path impedance Earth stratification Finite element method (FEM)

Fighting the Ignorance: Public Authorities’ and Land Users’ Responses to Land Subsidence in Indonesia

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American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第1期6卷 1-21页

作者： Erlis Saputra Thomas hartmann Annelies Zoomers Tejo Spit Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands Department of Development Geography Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia

Land subsidence can have a considerable impact on the socio-economic viability of areas. In urban areas, land subsidence tends to damage buildings and infrastructures gradually, while in rural peat land it slowly destroys vegetation. The damages will worsen since climate change has further implications for the areas affected by land subsidence. In Indonesia, the response to land subsidence varies in different areas in terms of awareness, urgency and action on the part of both public authorities and land users. This paper systematically investigates these varied responses in urban and rural peat land areas. Interviews with experts and surveys of 330 land users in selected sub-districts were conducted and further supplemented by focus group discussions. We found that both the public authorities as well as the land users’ responses were considered as of limited value to contest land subsidence. We suggest that the endorsement of land users’ response into governmental policies would make a significant difference in improving land subsidence management.

关键词： Indonesia Land Subsidence Land Users Public Authorities Response

Principles to Support Modular Software Construction

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2017年第1期32卷 3-10页

作者： Jack b. Dennis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 U.S.A.

The construction of large software systems is always achieved through assembly of independently written components -- program modules. For these software components to work together, they must share a common set of data types and principles for representing structured data such as arrays of values and files. This common set of tools for creating and operating on data objects is provided by the infrastructure of the computer system： the hardware, operating system and runtime code. because the nature and properties of these tools are crucial for correct operation of software components and their inter-operation, it is essential to have a precise specification that may be used for verifying correctness of application software on one hand, and to verify correctness of system behavior on the other. We call such a specification a program execution model （PXM）. It is evident that the properties of the PXM implemented by a computer system can have serious impact on the ability of application programmers to practice modular software construction. This paper discusses the concept of program execution models and presents a set of principles that a PXM must satisfy to provide a sound basis for modular software construction. because parallel program execution on computer systems with many processing units is an essential part of contemporary computing environments, the expression of parallelism and modular software construction using components involving parallel operations is included in this treatment. The conclusion is that it is possible to build computer systems that implement a PXM within which any parallel program may be used, unmodified, as a component for building more substantial parallel programs.

关键词： program execution model data flow model codelet abstract architecture parallel computing

Pollination systems, biogeography,and divergence times of three allopatric species of Schisandra in North America,China,and Japan

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第4期49卷 330-338页

作者： Leonard b.THIEN Cell and Molecular biology Department Tulane University

This study analyses the pollination systems and biogeography of three allopatric species of Schisandra (Section Euschisandra) consisting of *** (North America),*** (China),and *** (Japan);the clade is delimited in a phylogenetic tree of Schisandraceae constructed with nuclear and plastid *** male and female flowers of these species have similar floral structures,but exhibit different pollination *** the base of the clade,*** is pollinated by a wide variety of beetles and flies in a generalist pollination system that also includes floral heat and the use of male and female flowers as brood sites for *** Asia,however,*** and *** are pollinated exclusively by one or two different species of gall midges (Resseliella spp.) in a specialist pollination *** this system only female,pollen-eating gall midges pollinate the flowers and breed on nearby *** gall midge pollination system is specialized and derived from the generalist system in ***,and basal in the *** is the main floral resource,and we hypothesize it is exploited to enrich eggs,and as a result species of gall midges could increase reproductive fitness by feeding on a single dependable food *** the life cycles of the plants and insects evolved into a tight association in old stable plant communities in the Sino-Japanese *** times for the plant species are presented and correlated with past distributions and migration routes.

关键词： biogeography Diptera phylogeny pollination Resseliella Schisandra.

Effect of oophorectomy and exogenous estrogen replacement on liver injury in experimental obstructive jaundice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第18期14卷 2818-2824页

作者： Hamdi bülent Uan Mehmet Kaplan bülent Salman Utku YIlmaz b bülent Mentes Cemalettin Aybay Department of General Surgery Karaelmas University Medical School Zonguldak 67100 Turkey Department of General Surgery Gaziantep State Hospital Gaziantep Department of General Surgery Gazi University Medical School Ankara 06500 Turkey Department of Immunology Gazi UniversityMedical School Ankara 06500 Turkey

AIM: To investigate the role of estrogen on liver injury in an experimental obstructive jaundice ***: Three groups of female rats were constituted; group 1 was oophorectomized and given E2 (n = 14), group 2 was oophorectomized and given placebo (n = 14), and group 3 was sham operated (n = 14). Fourteen days following constitution of bile duct ligation, all groups were compared in terms of serum tests, histopathologic parameters, and tissue levels of IFN-γ and ***: The parameters representing both the injury and/or the reactive response and healing were more pronounced in groups 1 and 2 (χ2 = 17.2, χ2 = 10.20; χ2 = 12.4, P bo group (P bserved to be more pronounced in the groups 1 and 3 (χ2 = 6.13, P both the liver damage and healing. In the conditions of bile duct obstruction, estrogen significantly changed the cytokine milieu in the liver.

关键词： Estrogen Liver injury Oophorectomy Obstructive jaundice