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Ground-based and additional science support for SmILE

Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter m.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck m.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan m.G.G.T.Taylor K.mcWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock m.P.Freeman D.-S.Han m.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu m.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg m.Lester J.manuel J.matzka I.mcCrea Y.miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish meteorological Institute(FmI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SmILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SmILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SmILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SmILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SmILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SmILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SmILE conjunctions missions

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Global prevalence and gender inequalities in at least 60 min of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 1 or more days per week:An analysis with 707,616 adolescents

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 709-716页

作者： Raphael H.O.Araujo AndrúO.Werneck Clarice L.martins Luciana L.Barboza Rafael m.Tassitano Nicolas Aguilar-Farias Gilmar m.Jesus Robinson Ramírez-Véelez Riki Tesler Adewale L.Oyeyemi Ellen C.m.Silva Robert G.Weaver mark S.Tremblay Javier Brazo-Sayavera Grégore I.mielke Danilo R.P.Silva Graduation Program in Health Sciences Londrina State University(UEL)Londrina 86057-970Brazil Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthUniversidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao Paulo 01246-904Brazil Department of Physical Education Federal University of ParaıbaParaıba 58051-900Brazil Research Centre of Physical Activity Health and LeisureFaculty of SportsLaboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health(ITR)University of PortoPorto 4500Portugal Postgraduate Program in Physical Education University of BrasıliaBrasılia 70910-900Brazil Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61801-3841USA Department of Physical Education Sports and RecreationUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco 4680000Chile Department of Health State University of Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana 44036-900Brazil Navarrabiomed Hospital Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA)Universidad Publica de Navarra(UPNA)Pamplona 31006Spain Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca(UCEVA)TuluaValle del Cauca 763022Colombia Health management Department Faculty of Heath sciencesAriel UniversityAriel 40700Israel College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA arnold School of Public Health University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Health Sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Department of Sports and Computer Science Universidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Seville 41013Spain Centro Universitario Regional Noreste Universidad de la RepublicaRivera 40000Uruguay School of Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Department of Physical Education

Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(mVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important *** instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate ***,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity ***,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of mVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender ***:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and *** was *** were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)*** Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of mVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled *** were stratified by country and ***:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of mVPA≥1 days per *** prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions weremin of mVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)*** ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of mVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between *** differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest *** fo

关键词： Global School-based Student Health Survey Health Behaviour Among School-aged Children survey Inequality Surveillance Youth

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Long-term outcomes after endoscopic removal of malignant colorectal polyps:Results from a 10-year cohort

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第4期16卷 193-205页

作者： Anna Fábián Renáta Bor Béla Vasas mónika Szűcs Tibor Tóth Zsófia Bősze Kata Judit Szántó Péter Bacsur Anita Bálint Bernadett Farkas Klaudia Farkas Ágnes milassin mariann Rutka Tamás Resál Tamás molnár Zoltán Szepes Department of Internal medicine University of SzegedSzent-Györgyi Albert Medical SchoolSzeged 6725Hungary Department of Pathology University of SzegedSzent-Györgyi Albert Medical SchoolSzeged 6725Hungary Department of medical Physics and medical Informatics University of SzegedSzent-Györgyi Albert Medical SchoolSzeged 6720Hungary USZ Translational Colorectal Research Group Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular MedicineSzeged 6725Hungary

BACKGROUND Choosing an optimal post-polypectomy management strategy of malignant colorectal polyps is challenging,and evidence regarding a surveillance-only strategy is *** To evaluate long-term outcomes after endoscopic removal of malignant colorectal *** A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate outcomes after endoscopic removal of malignant colorectal polyps between 2010 and *** disease rate and nodal metastases after secondary surgery and local and distant recurrence rate for those with at least 1 year of follow-up were *** rates for categorical variables and means for continuous variables with 95%confidence intervals were calculated,and Fisher’s exact test and mann-Whitney test were *** risk factors of adverse outcomes were RESULTS In total,135 lesions(mean size:22.1 mm;location:42%rectal)from 129 patients(mean age:67.7 years;56%male)were *** proportion of pedunculated and non-pedunculated lesions was similar,with en bloc resection in 82%and 47%of lesions,*** differentiation,distance from resection margins,depth of submucosal invasion,lymphovascular invasion,and budding were reported at 89.6%,45.2%,58.5%,31.9%,and 25.2%,*** tumor was found in 10 patients,and nodal metastasis was found in 4 of 41 patients who underwent secondary surgical *** analysis identified piecemeal resection as a risk factor for residual malignancy(odds ratio:1.74;P=0.042).At least 1 year of follow-up was available for 117 lesions from 111 patients(mean follow-up period:5.59 years).Overall,54%,30%,30%,11%,and 16%of patients presented at the 1-year,3-year,5-year,7-year,and 9-10-year surveillance *** outcomes occurred in 9.0%(local recurrence and dissemination in 4 patients and 9 patients,respectively),with no difference between patients undergoing secondary surgery and surveillance *** Reporting of histological featur

关键词： malignant colorectal polyps T1 tumor Endoscopic removal Outcomes Long-term Surveillance

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Cartographic Study and modeling of the Bakwanga Kimberlite massive 5 at Kasai Oriental in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第4期12卷 78-95页

作者： arnold Onya Ngila Ivon Ndala Tshiwisa Ruben Koy Kasongo Alain Cibumba Cibumba Chamira Fwani Pambu Dona Kampata mbwelele Centre National de Té l&#233d&#233tection (CNT) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Geosciences Department Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Geo-Hydro-Energy Research Group Geosciences Department Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Bakwanga kimberlite massive 5 in Kasai Oriental is part of a set of 13 kimberlite massives numbered according to the order in which they were discovered. They are located on an alignment with a more or less W-E direction making up the Northern group known as Bakwanga. The importance of the Bakwanga kimberlite massives on the country’s economy in the production of diamonds sufficiently proves the interest of geological research work in this area. The objective of this work is to determine a mathematical model of the shape of the massive as close as possible to reality and through cartography. The cartographic study and modeling of this kimberlite massive were carried out using data from core samples taken on longitudinal and transverse profiles of the 50 × 50 meter mesh drilling plan intersecting this kimberlite massive. We intend to deduce the structure and lithostratigraphy of the kim-berlitic facies and the direct environment of massive 5. As a result, we note that the majority of surveys on the extent of this massive have intersected: Red clayey sand - Polymorphic sandstone - Nodular sandstone, with kaolin blocks and nodules - Epiclastic Kimberlite - Xenokimberlite - massive Kimberlite - mesozoic sandstone - Dolomite (enclosing). The shape of the massive 5 model is vaguely elliptical with a W-E longitudinal axis of 575 m and N-S axis of 275 meters. Surveys have shown that massive 5 is in fact composed of two pipes, located in the W (western pipe) and E (eastern pipe) ends of the massif. The two chimneys of the two pipes have walls ranging from subvertical at the eastern pipe to very steep walls of around 70˚ to 80˚ for the western pipe and the average diameter of the two pipes is ±50 meters. At level 600, the massive has an area of ±10.5 hectares and it gradually decreases in depth and the modeling of the latter shows a concentric decrease in the volume of the massive from the surface to depth in the shape of a mushroom. 3 eruptive phases established this Kimber-

关键词： massive Kimberlite Cartography modelization Epiclastic Kimberlite Xenokimberlite Pipe

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Exploratory and Descriptive Study of the Kimberlite massif of Boya-02 at Eastern Kasai in the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 130-144页

作者： arnold Onya Ngila Ivon Ndala Tshiwisa Ruben Koy Kasongo Serge Diemo Alain Cibumba Cibumba Chamira Fwani Pambu Dona Kampata mbwelele Centre National de Télédétection (Cnt) Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Exploration Faculty of Oil and Gas University of Kinshasa Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of Congo Geo-Hydro-Energy Research Group Department of Geosciences Faculty of Sciences and Technologies University of Kinshasa Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of Congo

The Boya-02 kimberlite was identified at depth by geophysical survey work (a single-probe Am survey in 1997 and a gravity survey in 2006) that De Beers DRC Exploration carried out around anomaly 193/172/0019. This anomaly located approximately 50 km southwest of the town of mbuji-mayi in the Kasaï-Oriental Province in the DRC should therefore be the subject of detailed exploration with the aim of better identifying and describing this kimberlite. Thus, through exploratory work and cross-checking of geophysical and geological data, the discovery of this massif was made by drilling on the aeromagnetic anomaly 193/172/X298. Based on drilling, sampling and laboratory petrographic analysis reports, the Boya-02 kimberlite was classified among highly diluted re-sedimented volcaniclastic kimberlites (KVR), rich in olivine and incidentally in quartz and poor in juvenile substances. This kimberlite represents a deposit of very low economic interest following extremely high dilution. The Boya-02 kimberlite was modeled using ground magnetism data. It is a complex anomaly comprising 2 components with variable amplitude appearing on a subtly magnetized linear detail. The modeled dimensions of two components of this anomaly are 0.32 Ha and 0.2 Ha at depths of 32 m & 14 m for the deposits to the West and the East respectively. Garnet data for the Boya-02 occurrence reports a maxim.m.Pmin value of 49.7 kbar (207 garnets). These data demonstrate the high diamond potential which assumes a conductive cratonic geotherm of 40 m.m.sup>2.

关键词： Exploratoire massif Kimberlitique Kasaï Oriental

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1-甲基环丙烯采后处理对樱桃番茄果实成熟过程的影响(英文)

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植物生理与分子生物学学报 2005年第1期31卷 27-33页

作者： arnold m.Opiyo 应铁进浙江大学食品科学与营养系杭州310029

研究了不同浓度(0、0.035、0.07和0.11 μL/L)的乙烯受体竞争性抑制剂1-甲基环丙烯(1- mCP)采后处理对绿熟期樱桃番茄的乙烯合成、果实软化、果实色素(叶绿素、茄红素、β-胡萝卜素)含量消长的影响。0.07 μL/L及其以上浓度的1- mCP... 详细信息

研究了不同浓度(0、0.035、0.07和0.11 μL/L)的乙烯受体竞争性抑制剂1-甲基环丙烯(1- mCP)采后处理对绿熟期樱桃番茄的乙烯合成、果实软化、果实色素(叶绿素、茄红素、β-胡萝卜素)含量消长的影响。0.07 μL/L及其以上浓度的1- mCP降低了前期乙烯合成,同时推迟了乙烯释放高峰,但0.035μL/L浓度的1-mCP处理并不能抑制内源乙烯合成。1-mCP显著延迟了果实软化和叶绿素降解,但并不影响这两个过程的启动。茄红素合成的启动和积累均受到了1-mCP抑制,而 1-mCP并不推迟β-胡萝卜素合成的启动,只抑制其积累。这些结果提示了乙烯调节成熟生理过程的不同机制。对于绿熟期的樱桃番茄,0.07-0.11 μL／L的1-mCP是实用的有效处理浓度。1-mCP有效浓度可能用于了解果实的乙烯受体水平和乙烯敏感性。

关键词：樱桃番茄成熟 1-mCP

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空调与制冷系统的泄漏及其环境影响

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制冷与空调 2001年第5期1卷 49-58,66页

作者： James m.calm 汪训昌

空调与制冷系统对平流层臭氧的影响主要是与损耗臭氧层的冷媒泄漏联系在一起。它们对全球气候变暖的作用既由于冷媒的泄漏，又由于用能所带来的温室气体排放。因为与耗能有关的组成部分具有较高的或主要的变暧影响，所以用效率欠高的方... 详细信息

空调与制冷系统对平流层臭氧的影响主要是与损耗臭氧层的冷媒泄漏联系在一起。它们对全球气候变暖的作用既由于冷媒的泄漏，又由于用能所带来的温室气体排放。因为与耗能有关的组成部分具有较高的或主要的变暧影响，所以用效率欠高的方案逐步淘汰氢氟烃（ＨＦＣ）冷媒将会增加净温室气体的排放。此结论同样也适用于全氟烃（ＰＦＣｓ），虽然它们作为冷媒一般用得较少。在缺乏理想冷媒情况下，即缺乏没有如安全，稳定性，相容性，价格，及类似麻烦问题的冷媒情况下，臭氧损耗，全球变暧及大气寿命期的综合评价提供了筛选冷媒的基本指标。本文考察了在制冷机使用期间冷媒损失的演变趋势。它既证实了在泄漏量减少上有了重大进步，又提供了为达到泄漏量减少的一些技术革新资料。本文对比了目前所用的替代冷媒与它们所替代的氯氟烃（ＣＦＣｓ）的影响。本文还对各种方案的热力学与环境影响作了总结归纳，证明仅仅根据化学成分，而不考虑各种物质的一些特性来作出逐步淘汰决定，所造成的环境损害可能要大于它的好处。

关键词：冷水机组冷媒制冷系统全球变暖温室气体排放臭氧耗损抽气装置充液量排放量京都议定书

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不同管径纳米形貌对imos来源巨噬细胞功能的调节及细胞骨架在其中的作用

不同管径纳米形貌对iMos来源巨噬细胞功能的调节及细胞骨架在其中...

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作者：傅昭粤中国人民解放军空军军医大学

学位级别：硕士

背景骨折、骨缺损发病率高,为促进骨愈合,常于受损部位植入种植体。纯钛材料因具有良好的生物相容性,耐腐蚀性及促成骨能力,被广泛应用于临床。然而,纯钛种植体植入后常引起种植体周围炎,种植体骨整合不良等一系列临床问题,最终导致植... 详细信息

背景骨折、骨缺损发病率高,为促进骨愈合,常于受损部位植入种植体。纯钛材料因具有良好的生物相容性,耐腐蚀性及促成骨能力,被广泛应用于临床。然而,纯钛种植体植入后常引起种植体周围炎,种植体骨整合不良等一系列临床问题,最终导致植入失败。既往研究发现,种植体表面形貌在成骨过程及免疫细胞的调控中发挥着重要作用,因此,纯钛种植体的改性对促进患者的恢复有着重要的意义。随着研究的深入,发现当金属钛的表面纳米管直径在30-120 nm之间时,可较好地促进成骨,并对单核/巨噬细胞起调控作用。基于前期实验,我们构建了三种不同管径Ti O纳米形貌,其中,对照组P(polished)仅打磨至镜面;实验组nt5(nanotube-5 V),在打磨至镜面后通过5 V电压进行阳极氧化,其表面纳米管直径为30 nm;nt20(Nanotube-20V),在打磨至镜面后通过20 V电压进行阳极氧化,其表面纳米管直径为80 nm。外周来源的单核细胞可以分为经典单核细胞(即炎性单核细胞,inflammatory monocytes,i mos)和非经典单核细胞(即巡逻单核细胞,patrolling monocytes,p mos)。i mos和p mos分别占外周血单核细胞的90%和10%左右,在组织受损后,i mos受CCR2趋化受体的作用趋化至受损部位参与炎症反应,而p mos则在外周血和组织内巡逻并可在特定条件下进行组织定植,对炎症的发展和转归具有调节作用。由于i mos在外周血单核细胞中占比最大,同时由于其趋化至受损部位参与炎症的特点,因而i mos在炎症的发生发展过程中发挥重要作用。然而,不同Ti O纳米形貌对i mos细胞的影响尚不清楚,仍有待阐明。近年来,研究发现,细胞通过细胞骨架将外界机械信号转变成生物学信号,最终影响细胞的功能。既往研究发现,不同Ti O纳米形貌能对细胞产生影响,但Ti O纳米形貌是否通过细胞骨架进一步影响i mos来源巨噬细胞的表型及功能仍有待探究。研究目的1、探究不同管径Ti O纳米形貌对人炎性单核细胞(i mos)来源巨噬细胞生物学功能的影响。2、探究细胞骨架在不同管径Ti O纳米形貌对人炎性单核细胞(i mos)来源巨噬细胞生物学功能影响中的作用。研究方法1、通过梯度打磨及阳极氧化制备试样nt5(表面纳米管管径30 nm)以及nt20(表面纳米管管径80 nm),对照组为试样P(仅打磨至镜面),之后对三种试样进行详细的表征分析。2、磁珠分选纯化人外周血炎性单核细胞(i mos)并通过流式细胞术对其纯度及活性进行鉴定。3、将分选所得i mos细胞分别种植于试样P、nt5和nt20,并分别培养1、2、6、12天,之后收取相应的样本,通过场发射扫描电镜,激光共聚焦显微镜观察不同试样表面i mos来源巨噬细胞的细胞形态,以研究不同管径纳米形貌对其细胞形态的影响;通过流式细胞术检测其表面分子表达情况,明确不同管径纳米形貌对i mos来源巨噬细胞诱导分化作用的不同;通过ELISA检测不同管径纳米形貌表面i mos来源巨噬细胞的细胞因子分泌情况,从而分析不同管径纳米形貌对i mos来源巨噬细胞生物学功能的影响。4、加入细胞松弛素D以抑制细胞骨架,之后通过免疫荧光,ELISA,流式细胞术探究细胞骨架在不同管径纳米形貌介导的i mos来源巨噬细胞生物学功能改变中的作用。研究结果1、通过材料表征分析,可见对照组P呈现较光滑的平面,且其表面无纳米管存在;试样nt5上分布着高度均匀,直径为30 nm的纳米管;试样nt20上分布着高度均匀,直径为80 nm的纳米管,且经过阳极氧化及UVA/C照射后,试样nt5和nt20亲水性均较对照组显著提高。2、分选所得炎性单核细胞纯度高达95%以上,且活性良好,可用于后续实验。3、nt20主要促进IL-6,IL-1β等促炎细胞因子的分泌,同时诱导i mos来源巨噬细胞分化形成m1型巨噬细胞。nt5主要促进IL-10及TGF-β等抑炎细胞因子的分泌,同时诱导i mos来源的巨噬细胞分化形成m2c型巨噬细胞。4、细胞骨架受抑制后,试样nt5和试样nt20对i mos来源的巨噬细胞的分化诱导能力钝化,且细胞因子的分泌均被显著抑制。结论试样nt20主要促进i mos分化形成m1型巨噬细胞,并促进其分泌促炎性细胞因子,试样nt5主要促进i mos分化形成m2c型巨噬细胞,并促进其抑炎性细胞因子的分泌,同时,不同纳米形貌介导的i mos来源巨噬细胞的细胞因子分泌功能及细胞分化依赖于完整的细胞骨架的存在。

关键词： TiO2纳米形貌炎性单核细胞细胞骨架骨植入材料

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下一代制冷剂——历史回顾、思考与展望

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暖通空调 2009年第2期39卷 41-49页

作者：康杰士汪训昌 Engineering Consultant 中国建筑科学研究院

回顾了制冷剂从早期使用至现在的进步历程,探讨了未来方向与一些候选制冷剂。根据所定义的选择标准把此历程划分为四代制冷剂。逐一用这些标准讨论了较早工质的替代,并说明了某些早期制冷剂例如那些现在所称的"天然制冷剂"重新受到关注... 详细信息

回顾了制冷剂从早期使用至现在的进步历程,探讨了未来方向与一些候选制冷剂。根据所定义的选择标准把此历程划分为四代制冷剂。逐一用这些标准讨论了较早工质的替代,并说明了某些早期制冷剂例如那些现在所称的"天然制冷剂"重新受到关注的过程。考察了对现有国际协定相关方案的展望,其中包括了分别为防止平流层臭氧耗损与全球气候变化的蒙特利尔与京都议定书的分析。还考察了其他环境问题和更长远的国际与地区性的控制措施。这种讨论说明,如果仅仅孤立地看待各个环境问题,而不是把若干环境问题作为整体而采取综合协调的对策,可能会对环境造成无意识的破坏,这种环境破坏几乎肯定将来还需要再采取挽回措施。可以确定,一些即将出台的政策与管制条例的变化可能对下一代制冷剂的选择会有重要影响。

关键词：制冷剂发展环境气候温室效应臭氧耗损潜能值全球变暖潜能值

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全面科学地实施对制冷剂的管制

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制冷与空调 2004年第2期4卷 55-59页

作者： James m.calm 汪训昌 (美)

本文给出了鉴别目前的制冷剂用户以及他们的设备能否影响未来制冷剂选择方案的一些方法。从最近对工业界征收特别税的一些科学评价来看 ,制冷剂的未来是充满着挑战。作者以这种客观的评论态度 ,作了一一报导。

关键词：制冷剂管理 R-410A R-507A 替代过程环境保护密闭系统

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