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Abandoned corrals: colonization and vegetation recovery of ephemeral habitats in silvo-pastoral systems

Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第6期13卷 722-731页

作者： arie vinograd Eli Zaady Jaime Kigel Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentHebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel Department of Natural Resources Gilat Research CenterAROMobile Post Negev 85280Israel

Aims Management of silvo-pastoral systems in planted and natural forests in semi-arid Mediterranean regions often employs seasonal night corrals for animal *** management system changes the spatial distribution of animal excreta,resulting in a net transfer of soil mineral resources and their accumulation in the *** abandonment,corrals are colonized by ruderal species,becoming focal sources for their spread in the *** aimed to implement a rational management of seasonal sheep corrals based on a better understanding of the vegetation processes occurring in abandoned corrals,in order to alleviate their negative impact in the *** Relationships between temporal changes in the vegetation,the soil seed-bank and levels of soil nutrients were studied in a chronosequence of abandoned sheep corrals and compared with nearby reference plots in planted Eucalyptus forests grazed by sheep in the semi-arid North-Western Negev,*** region has a bi-seasonal Mediterranean climate,with high dominance of annual species in the grazing *** Findings Abandoned sheep corrals were colonized by seeds of ruderals originating in older abandoned *** successional changes occur at a slow rate,driven by the depletion of soil resources in the abandoned corrals,and were still in progress 20 years after *** were gradually replaced,first by taller grasses and followed by short grasses,but most forbs and particularly geophytes did not recover during this *** of the original herbaceous vegetation in the corrals was through seed dispersal from the surrounding vegetation,not from the original soil seed-bank remaining in the corrals after *** species in the grazed,planted forests behave as patch-tracking *** persistency depends on constant creation of new corrals compensating for the gradually dwindling populations in older abandoned corrals,and on the availability of dispersa

关键词： metapopulation ruderals seasonal grazing seed-bank sheep succession

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Storing and retrieving multiple images in 3D nonlinear photonic crystals

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第11期10卷 2019-2021页

作者： Ady arie School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel

A nonlinear hologram enables to record the amplitude and phase of a waveform by spatially modulating the second order nonlinear coefficient,so that when a pump laser illuminates it,this waveform is reconstructed at the second harmonic *** concept was now extended to enable the generation of multiple waveforms from a single hologram,with potential applications in high density storage,quantum optics,and optical microscopy.

关键词： nonlinear enable optics

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The geometric phase in nonlinear frequency conversion

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Frontiers of physics 2022年第1期17卷 7-37页

作者： Aviv Karnieli Yongyao Li Ady arie Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv UniversityRamat Aviv69978Tel AvivIsrael School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan528000China School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

The geometric phase of light has been demonstrated in various platforms of the linear optical regime, raising interest both for fundamental science as well as applications, such as flat optical elements. Recently, the concept of geometric phases has been extended to nonlinear optics, following advances in engineering both bulk nonlinear photonic crystals and nonlinear metasurfaces. These new technologies offer a great promise of applications for nonlinear manipulation of light. In this review, we cover the recent theoretical and experimental advances in the field of geometric phases accompanying nonlinear frequency conversion. We first consider the case of bulk nonlinear photonic crystals, in which the interaction between propagating waves is quasi-phase-matched, with an engineerable geometric phase accumulated by the light. Nonlinear photonic crystals can offer efficient and robust frequency conversion in both the linearized and fully-nonlinear regimes of interaction, and allow for several applications including adiabatic mode conversion, electromagnetic nonreciprocity and novel topological effects for light. We then cover the rapidly-growing field of nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry metasurfaces, which allow the simultaneous nonlinear generation and shaping of light by using ultrathin optical elements with subwavelength phase and amplitude resolution. We discuss the macroscopic selection rules that depend on the rotational symmetry of the constituent meta-atoms, the order of the harmonic generations, and the change in circular polarization. Continuous geometric phase gradients allow the steering of light beams and shaping of their spatial modes. More complex designs perform nonlinear imaging and multiplex nonlinear holograms, where the functionality is varied according to the generated harmonic order and polarization. Recent advancements in the fabrication of three dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals, as well as the pursuit of quantum light sources based on nonlin

关键词： nonlinear optics quasi phase matching holography geometric phase nonlinear metasurfaces Pancharatnam-Berry phase frequency conversion

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Nonlinear optical holograms for spatial and spectral shaping of light waves

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Science Bulletin 2015年第16期60卷 1403-1415页

作者： Asia Shapira Liran Naor Ady arie Department of Physical Electronics School of Electrical Engineering Tel Aviv University

Shaping either the spatial or the spectral output of a nonlinear interaction is accomplished by introducing basic concepts of computer-generated holography into the nonlinear optics regime. The possibilities of arbitrarily spatially shaping the result of a nonlinear interaction are presented for different phase-matching schemes allowing for both one- and two-dimensional shaping. Shaping the spectrum of a beam in nonlinear interaction is also possible by utilizing similar holographic techniques. The novel and complete control of the output of a nonlinear interaction opens exciting options in the fields of particle manipulation, optical communications, spectroscopy and quantum information.

关键词： Nonlinear optics Beam shaping Spectral shaping Computer-generated holograms

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An efficient method to measure reliability of underwater acoustic communication links

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2016年第2期1卷 129-134页

作者： Roee Diamant Yaakov Bucris arie Feuer Department of Marine Technology University of HaifaHaifaIsrael Department of Electrical Engineering TechnionHaifaIsrael

We consider the problem of evaluating the reliability of underwater acoustic communication(UWAC)*** is a requirement for any communication system and is often defined as the probability to achieve a target bit error *** of system reliability is often performed empirically by conducting a large number of ***,for UWAC,where experiments are expensive and time-consuming,not much data is available to perform such a reliability *** on the assumption that the long delay spread is the dominant characteristic of the underwater acoustic channel and for a given channel model,we offer a relaxed practical approach to evaluate the reliability of an UWAC *** a test case,we show reliability results for the multiple input multiple output(MIMO)code division multiple access(CDMA)communication system.

关键词： Underwater acoustic communication(UWAC) Reliability Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio(SINR)

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Identification of chemical compounds in agarwood-producing species Aquilaria malaccensis and Gyrinops versteegii

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第4期31卷 1371-1380页

作者： arie Aqmarina Nasution Ulfah Juniarti Siregar Miftahudin Maman Turjaman Graduate School of Tropical Silviculture Bogor Agricultural University(IPB)Bogor 16680Indonesia Department of Silviculture Faculty of ForestryBogor Agricultural University(IPB)Bogor 16680Indonesia Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and NaturalSciencesBogor Agricultural University(IPB)Bogor 16680Indonesia Forest Research and Development Center Environment and Forestry ResearchDevelopmentand Innovation Agency(FORDA)Ministry of Environment and ForestryBogorIndonesia

Agarwood is a non-timber forest product found in tropical rain *** is a black and fragrant resin valued for the perfume industry and demand continues to ***,the Indonesian agarwood-producing species,Aquilaria malaccensis and Gyrinops versteegii do not automatically produce such quality ***-induction technology or inoculation using Fusarium solani is usually applied to these species to trigger resin *** research aims to identify agarwood compounds formed in seedlings and trees of *** and *** after these species were inoculated with the fungus *** chemical compounds were identified by comparing the patterns of mass spectra fragmentation in the sample and in previous *** groups of agarwood compounds were identified:(1)sesquiterpen group-cisjasmone and aromadendrenepoxide;(2)chromones group-8-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromen-4-one and newly-discovered chromone derivative,7-(benzyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-methylchromone found only in ***;(3)aromatic group-benzylacetone,guaiacol,p-ethylguaiacol,phenol,syringaldehyde,vanilin,furfuryl alcohol,and furfural;(4)fatty acid group-palmitic acid,oleic acid,and lauric acid;and,(5)triterpen group-squalene.

关键词： Agarwood constituent Aquilaria malaccensis Fusarium solani Gyrinops versteegii

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SEPRAN: A Versatile Finite-Element Package for a Wide Variety of Problems in Geosciences

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第1期26卷 89-95页

作者： arie van den Berg Guus Segal David A.Yuen Department of Theoretical Geophysics Institute of Earth SciencesUtrecht University3508 TC UtrechtThe Netherlands Faculty of Electrical Engineering Mathematics and Computer ScienceTU DelftThe Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences

Numerical modelling of geological processes, such as mantle convection, flow in porous media, and geothermal heat transfer, has become quite common with the increase in computing and the availability of usable software. Today modelling these dynamical processes entails the solving of the governing equations involving the mass, momentum, energy and chemical transport. These equations represent partial differential equations and must be solved on powerful enough computers because they require sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to be useful. We describe here the salient and outstanding features of the SEPRAN software package, developed in the Netherlands, as a case study for a robust and user-friendly soft- ware, which the geological community can utilize in handling many thermal-mechanical-chemical problems found in geology, which will include geothermal situations, where many types of partial differential equations must be solved at the same time with thermodynamical input parameters.

关键词： SEPRAN finite element package geodynamic and planetary modelling geothermal groundwater flow.

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Particle manipulation beyond the diffraction limit using structured super-oscillating light beams

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 542-547页

作者： Brijesh K Singh Harel Nagar Yael Roichman Ady arie School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel-Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Department of Physics Central University of RajasthanAjmerRajasthan 305817India Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel

The diffraction-limited resolution of light focused by a lens was derived in 1873 by Ernst *** in 1952,a method to reach sub-diffraction light spots was proposed by modulating the wavefront of the focused *** a related development,super-oscillating functions,that is,band-limited functions that locally oscillate faster than their highest Fourier component,were introduced and experimentally applied for super-resolution *** till now,only simple Gaussian-like sub-diffraction spots were *** we show that the amplitude and phase profile of these sub-diffraction spots can be arbitrarily *** particular,we utilize Hermite–Gauss,Laguerre–Gauss and Airy functions to structure super-oscillating beams with subdiffraction *** structured beams are then used for high-resolution trapping and manipulation of nanometer-sized *** trapping potential provides unprecedented localization accuracy and stiffness,significantly exceeding those provided by standard diffraction-limited beams.

关键词： beam shaping optical tweezers optical vortex super-oscillating beams

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Thymoma and autoimmunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 199-202页

作者： Shahar Shelly Nancy Agmon-Levin arie Altman Yehuda Shoenfeld The Zabludovicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases Sheba Medical CenterTel-Hashomeraffiliated with Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityIsrael Department of Medicine‘B’ Sheba Medical CenterTel-HashomerIsrael Sackler Faculty of Medicine Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kip Chair for Research of Zabludowitz Center for Autoimmune DiseasesTel-Aviv UniversityTel-AvivIsrael

The thymus is a central lymphatic organ that is responsible for many immunological functions,including the production of mature,functional T cells and the induction of *** or malignant tumors may originate from the thymus gland,with thymoma being the most common and accounting for 50% of anterior mediastinal *** linked to thymoma include the loss of self-tolerance and the presence of *** this review,we compiled the current scientific evidence detailing the various interactions between thymoma and autoimmune diseases,including myasthenia gravis,systemic lupus erythematosus,inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,pure red cell aplasia,pernicious anemia,pemphigus and autoimmune thyroid *** recent years,several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these *** are based on the assumption that the‘sick’thymus,like the‘normal’thymus,can generate mature T cells;however,the T cells generated by the sick thymus are impaired and thus may exert cellular ***,we present several theories that may shed light on the loss of self-tolerance associated with this epithelial tumor of the thymus.

关键词： autoimmune diseases autoimmunity self-tolerance thymoma thymus

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Degassing of primordial hydrogen and helium as the major energy source for internal terrestrial processes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第6期3卷 911-921页

作者： arie Lev Gilat Alexander Vol Geological Survey of Israel(Ret.) 6/2 Shoshan Tsahor St..Modi'in 71705.Israel Oshadi Drug Administration Ltd P.O.Box 2042.Rehovot 76120Israel

Examples of the mightiest energy releases by great earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and hypotheses providing explanations for them are analyzed along with the results of some recently pub- lished researches and visualizations. The emerging conclusions are that the mechanism of the strong earthquake is a chemical explosion; that volcanic eruption is a special type of earthquake wherein the hypocenter rises to the earth-surface; and that there is an association between the seismic-volcanic processes and mantle ＂fluids＂ and the lack of energy for mantle plumes. A conceptual system of hypoth- eses is put forward to explain the conservation of energy during Earth＇s accretion, its quasi-stable release by primordial H- and He-degassing and of the crucial role of the energy of degassing-eomprising- reactions in endogenic processes. Specific mechanisms and chemical processes are proposed for the gas-liquid mantle plumes melting through the solid mantle using heat-energy released in reactions of their metamorphic and chemical transformation under gradual decrease of pressure and temperature; volcanic gases are put forward as energy carriers. 3He performance as a unique measuring transformer correlative to the internal heat flow was used for calculation of energy release by degassing; it equals to 5.12 × 1020 J/yr, an amount of energy five-fold greater than the entire energy loss involved in earthquake and volcanic activity. The hypotheses proposed are objectively testable.

关键词： Earthquakes Volcanism Energy-source Hydrogen Helium Degassing

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