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Assessment of albendazole efficacy against Ascaris lumbricoides at three sites of Andhra Pradesh,Odisha,and Kerala in India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第7期17卷 310-316页

作者： Vinay Garg Ankur Garg Shubha Garg Sudhir Kumar Jain Tanzin Dikid Saurabh Jain Jitendra Manjhi antonio montresor Atul Goel Division of Parasitic Diseases National Centre for Disease ControlMinistry of Health and Family WelfareGovernment of India22-Sham Nath MargCivil LinesNew Delhi-110054India National Centre for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Family WelfareGovernment of India22-Sham Nath MargCivil LinesNew Delhi-110054India Epidemiology Division National Centre for Disease ControlMinistry of Health and Family WelfareGovernment of India22-Sham Nath MargCivil LinesNew Delhi-110054India Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTD) World Health Organization(WHO)Av Appia 20 CH-1211Geneva 27Switzerland Department of Community&Family Medicine AIIMS KalyaniIndia Community and Primary Care-based Intervention Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTD)World Health Organization(WHO)Av Appia 20 CH-1211Geneva 27Switzerland Director General of Health Sciences(DGHS)&Director National Centre for Disease ControlMinistry of Health and Family WelfareGovernment of India22-Sham Nath MargCivil LinesNew Delhi-110054India

Objective:To assess efficacy of albendazole against Ascaris(A.)lumbricoides among school-children at three sites of Rajahmundry,Sundergarh and ***:Sites were selected based on soil-transmitted helminths prevalence,different sociocultural-geographical characteristics and operational feasibility.9-12 Years old children from 14 schools were *** study was conducted in two rounds:baseline&follow up *** eligible children found positive for *** at baseline were administered supervised single tablet albendazole 400 mg under the National Deworming Day *** post-treatment follow-up survey,eligible children who provided second stool sample were included in the final *** samples were examined using WHO recommended Kato-Katz *** was estimated based on cure rate(CR)and Fecal Egg Count Reduction Rate(FECRR)among children found positive in baseline and follow-up ***:328 Out of 625(52.5%)were found positive for *** in the baseline survey and 85 out of 178 samples(47.8%)during post-treatment follow-up ***,the estimated CR was 52.2%.FECRR(95%CI)for albendazole was 72.6%(79.2%-66.0%).The FECRR was highest in East Godaveri[89.7%(96.8%-82.6%)],followed by Sundergarh[86.4%(95.3%-77.5%)]and Wayanad[69%(81.7%-56.4%)].Conclusions:Our study confirmed overall reduction in FEC although with varying albendazole efficacy for *** infection at three different locations in ***,these finding may be assessed in context of ongoing MDA under Filaria control program and further studies by in vivo as well as in vitro methods are required to reach to a conclusion on possible resistance if any.

关键词： Soil transmitted helminths Ascaris lumbricoides Albendazole Efficacy

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Control programs for strongyloidiasis in areas of high endemicity: an economic analysis of different approaches

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第3期10卷 72-81页

作者： Dora Buonfrate Lorenzo Zammarchi Zeno Bisoffi antonio montresor Sara Boccalin Department of Infectious Tropical Diseases and Microbiology IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria HospitalNegrarVeronaItaly Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly Referral Center for Tropical Diseases of Tuscany Infectious and Tropical Diseases UnitCareggi University HospitalFlorenceItaly. Department of Diagnostics and Public Health University ofVeronaVeronaItaly Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Department of Health Sciences University of FlorenceFloreneeItaly.

Background:Implementation of control programmes for Strongyloides stercoralis infection is among the targets of the World Health Organization Roadmap to *** ofthis work was to evaluate the possible impact in terms of economic resources and health status of two different strategies of preventive chemotherapy(PC)compared to the current situation(strategy A,no PC):administration of ivermectin to school-age children(SAC)and adults(strategy B)versus ivermectin to SAC only(strategy C).Methods:The study was conducted at the IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria hospital,Negrar di Valpolicella,Verona,Italy,at the University of Florence,Italy,and at the WHO,Geneva,Switzerland,from May 2020 to April *** for the model were extracted from literature.A mathematical model was developed in Microsoft Excel to assess the impact of strategies B and C in a standard population of 1 million subjects living in a strongyloidiasis endemic *** a case base seenario,15%prevalence of strongyloidiasis was considered;the 3 strategies were then evaluated at different thresholds of prevalenee,ranging from 5 to 20%.The results were reported as number of infected subjects,deaths,costs,and Incremental-Effectiveness Ratio(ICER).A 1-year and a 10-year horizons were ***:In the case base seenario,cases of infections would reduce dramatically in the first year of implementation of PC with both strategy B and C:from 172500 cases to 77040 following strategy B and 146700 following strategy *** additional cost per recovered person was United States Dollar(USD)2.83 and USD 1.13 in strategy B and C,respectively,compared to no treatment in the first *** both strategies,there was a downtrend in costs per recovered person with increasing *** number of adverted deaths was larger for strategy B than C,but cost to advert one death was lower for strategy C than ***:This analysis permits to estimate the impact of two PC strategies for the control of strongyloidiasis in

关键词： Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloidiasis Control programme Preventive chemotherapy Ivermectin Economic Adverted death Adverted infection

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Sustained preventive chemotherapy for soil-transmitted helminthiases leads to Pdaes reduction in prevalence and anthelminthic tablets required

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第5期8卷 30-39页

作者： Denise Mupfasoni Mathieu Bangert Alexei Mikhailov Chiara Marocco antonio montresor Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland

Background:The goal of soil-transmitted helminthiases(STH)control programmes is to eliminate STH-associated morbidity in the target population by reducing the prevalence of moderate-and heavy-intensity infections and the overall STH infection prevalence mainly through preventive chemotherapy(PC)with either albendazole or *** countries should measure the success of their control programmes through regular epidemiological *** evaluated changes in STH prevalence in countries that conducted effective PC coverage for STH to guide changes in the frequency of PC rounds and the number of tablets ***:We selected countries from World Health Organization(WHO)^Preventive Chemotherapy and Transmission control(PCT)databank that conducted≥5 years of PC with effective coverage for school-age children(SAC)and extracted STH baseline and impact assessment data using the WHO Epidemiological Data Reporting Form,Ministry of Health reports and/or peer-reviewed *** used pooled and weighted means to plot the prevalence of infection with any STH and with each STH species at baseline and after≥5 years of PC with effective ***,using the WHO STH decision tree,we estimated the reduction in the number of tablets ***:Fifteen countries in four WHO regions conducted annual or semi-annual rounds of PC for STH for 5 years or more and collected data before and after *** baseline,the pooled prevalence was 48.9%(33.1-64.7%)for any STH,23.2%(13.7-32.7%)for Ascoris lumbricoides,21.01%(9.7-32.3%)for Trichuris trichiuro and 18.2%(10.9-25.5%)for hookworm infections,while after>5 years of PC for STH,the prevalence was 14.3%(7.3-21.3%)for any STH,6.9%(1.3-12.5%)for ***,5.3%(1.06-9.6%)for *** and 8.1%(4.0-12.2%)for hookworm ***:Countries endemic for STH have made tremendous progress in reducing STH-associated morbidity,but very few countries have data to demonstrate that *** this s

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminthiases Control morbidity Preventive chemotherapy Prevalence

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Estimated need for anthelminthic medicines to control soil-transmitted helminthiases in school-aged children,2020–2030

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 74-83页

作者： Chiara Marocco Fabrizio Tediosi Mathieu Bangert Denise Mupfasoni antonio montresor Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland

Background:Soil-transmitted helminthiases(STH)are part of the group of neglected tropical diseases traditionally treated with preventive chemotherapy *** recent years,drug donations have been essential to expanding preventive chemotherapy and achieving progressive control of morbidity from *** study aims to evaluate the need for anthelminthic medicines during 2020–***:To estimate the need for anthelminthic medicines,we considered three different scenarios:(1)the control programmes continues to expand coverage and maintains the frequency of drug administration established at baseline;(2)the programmes continues to expand coverage but adapts the frequency of drug administration when the STH prevalence is reduced and(3)the STH programme becomes self-sustainable in some endemic ***:We estimate that the number of anthelmintic medicines needed to treat school-aged children will increase by 40%by 2025 and by 52%by 2030 if countries do not change the frequency of preventive chemotherapy(scenario 1);that the number of tablets needed will reduce by 32.4%by 2025 and by 49.1%in 2030 if endemic countries reduce the frequency of preventive chemotherapy(scenario 2);and drug donations could be reduced by 54.4%by 2025 and 74.4%by 2030 if some endemic countries could become independent in drug procurement(scenario 3).Conclusions:The number of anthelmintic medicines needed to achieve elimination of morbidity due to STH in school-aged children will decline during 2020–*** decline will be substantial if a number of“upper-middle income”countries in which STH are endemic procure,as expected,anthelminthic medicines independently.

关键词： Preventive chemotherapy Soil-transmitted helminthiases Drug donations

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Assessing stool quantities generated by three specific Kato-Katz thick smear templates employed in different settings

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 491-498页

作者： Andrea Leuenberger Tatu Nassoro Khadija Said Lukas Fenner George Sikalengo Emilio Letang antonio montresor Xiao-Nong Zhou Peter Steinmann Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger Stefanie Knopp Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002 BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003 BaselSwitzerland Exercise Physiology Lab Institute of Human Movement Sciences and SportETH ZurichWinterthurerstrase 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre Bagamoyo District HospitalIfakara Health InstituteP.O.Box 74BagamoyoUnited Republic of Tanzania Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine University of BernFinkenhubelweg 11CH-3012 BernSwitzerland Ifakara Health Institute Off Mlabani PassageP.O.Box 53IfakaraUnited Republic of Tanzania Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases World Health OrganizationAvenue Appia 20CH-1211 Geneva 27Switzerland Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute of Parasitic Diseases207 Rui Jin Er RoadShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory on Biology of Parasite and Vector Ministry of HealthWHO Collaborating Center for MalariaSchistosomiasis and Filariasis207 Rui Jin Er RoadShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories Department of Life SciencesNatural History MuseumCromwell RoadLondon SW75BDUnited Kingdom

Background:The Kato-Katz technique is recommended for the diagnosis of helminth infections in epidemiological surveys,drug efficacy studies and monitoring of control *** assessed the comparability of the average amount of faeces generated by three Kato-Katz templates included in test kits from two different ***:Nine hundred Kato-Katz thick smear preparations were done;300 per *** slides,slides plus Kato-Katz template filled with stool and slides plus stool after careful removal of the template were weighed to the nearest 0.1 *** average amount of stool that was generated on the slide was calculated for each template,stratified by standard categories of stool consistency(***,soft,sausage-shaped,hard and clumpy).Results:The average amount of stool generated on slides was 40.7 mg(95%confidence interval(CI):40.0–41.4 mg),40.3 mg(95%CI:39.7–40.9 mg)and 42.8 mg(95%CI:42.2–43.3 mg)for the standard Vestergaard Frandsen template,and two different templates from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC),*** stool resulted in considerably lower average weights when the Vestergaard Frandsen(37.0 mg;95%CI:34.9–39.0 mg)or new China CDC templates(37.4 mg;95%CI:35.9–38.9 mg)were used,compared to the old China CDC template(42.2 mg;95%CI:40.7–43.7 mg)and compared to other stool consistency ***:The average amount of stool generated by three specific Kato-Katz templates was similar(40.3–42.8 mg).Since the multiplication factor is somewhat arbitrary and small changes only have little effect on infection intensity categories,it is suggested that the standard multiplication factor of 24 should be kept for the calculation of eggs per gram of faeces for all investigated templates.

关键词： Accuracy Diagnosis Infection intensity Kato-Katz technique Schistosomes Soil-transmitted helminths

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Cost-effective synthesis of giant molecule acceptors(GMAs)for stable polymer solar cells

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1041-1043页

作者： antonio Facchetti Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center Northwestern University2145 Sheridan Road60208 EvanstonIllinoisUSA School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology771 Ferst Drive30332 AtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Polymer solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as a disruptive energy technology due to simple device architecture,earthabundant elemental composition,lightweight nature,and inherent mechanical flexibility[1,2].Via a strategic acceptordonor-acceptor(A-D-A)design of small-molecule acceptors(SMAs),device power conversion efficiency(PCE)has now increased>19%.

关键词： acceptor synthesis donor

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Integrating Levels of Hierarchical Organization in Porous Organic Molecular Materials

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 134-153页

作者： Jesus Ferrando‑Soria antonio Fernandez Instituto de Ciencia Molecular(ICMol) Universidad de Valencia46980 ValenciaSpain School of Science Loughborough UniversityLoughborough LE113TUUK

Porous organic molecular materials(POMMs)are an emergent class of molecular-based materials characterized by the formation of extended porous frameworks,mainly held by non-covalent *** represent a variety of chemical families,such as hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks,porous organic salts,porous organic cages,C-H···πmicroporous crystals,supramolecular organic frameworks,π-organic frameworks,halogen-bonded organic framework,and intrinsically porous molecular *** some porous materials such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks,the integration of multiscale has been adopted to build materials with multifunctionality and optimized ***,considering the significant role of hierarchy in porous materials and the growing importance of POMMs in the realm of synthetic porous materials,we consider it appropriate to dedicate for the first time a critical review covering both ***,we will provide a summary of literature examples showcasing hierarchical POMMs,with a focus on their main synthetic approaches,applications,and the advantages brought forth by introducing hierarchy.

关键词： Porous organic molecular materials Hierarchy Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks Porous cages Fullerene

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Litter production and leaf nutrient concentration and remobilization in response to climate seasonality in the central Amazon

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 131-141页

作者： Ricardo antonio Marenco Saul Alfredo Antezana-Vera Daniela Pereira Dias Luiz antonio Candido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia Coordenagao de Uso da Terra e Mudanca ClimaticaAv.Andre Araujo 2936ManausAM69067-375Brazil Programa de pos-Graduagao em Agricultura no Tropico Umido Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia-INPAManausAMBrazil Unidade Academica de Ciencias Agrarias Universidade Federal de JataiBR 364km 195JataiGO 75801-615Brazil

Litterfall is the largest source of nutrients to for-est soils of tropical ***,variability in lit-terfall production,nutrient remobilization,and changes in leaf nutrient concentration with climate seasonality remain largely unknown for the central *** study meas-ured litterfall production,leaf nutrient remobilization,and leaf area index on a forest plateau in the central *** was measured at monthly intervals during 2014,while nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and mag-nesium concentrations of leaf litter and canopy leaves were measured in the dry and rainy seasons,and remobilization rates *** area index was also recorded in the dry and rainy *** litterfall varied from 33.2(in the rainy season)to 87.6 g m^(-2) in the dry season,while leaf area index increased slightly in the rainy *** seasonality had no effect on concentrations of nitrogen,calcium,and magnesium,whereas phosphorous and potassium responded to rainfall seasonality *** phosphorous increased,potassium decreased during the dry *** seasons,nitrogen,potassium,and phosphorous decreased in leaf litter;calcium increased in leaf litter,while magnesium remained unaffected with leaf ***,the five nutrients had similar remobilization rates over the *** absence of climate seasonality on nutrient remobilization suggests that the current length of the dry season does not alter nutrient remobilization rates but this may change as dry periods become more prolonged in the future due to climate change.

关键词： Throughfall Nutrient cycling Climatic seasonality Leaf mass per area

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SARS-CoV-2 immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 101-102页

作者： antonio Bertoleti Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore

Four years have swiftly passed since the identification of a novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia that signs the start of the COVID-19 pandemic[1].The world's social and economic landscape has largely reverted to its prepandemic state,and different issues unrelated to the pandemic are currently impacting various regions *** scientific community,which quickly modified its research focus during the initial years of the pandemic to generate a wealth of scientific data that helped in understanding and controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection,is also facing a new phase in the study of virus-host interactions.

关键词： immunity globally landscape

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Influence of manufacturing process-induced geometrical defects on the energy absorption capacity of polymer lattice structures

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 47-59页

作者： Alexandre Riot Enrico Panettieri antonio Cosculluela Marco Montemurro Universite de Bordeaux Arts et Metiers Institute of TechnologyCNRSINRABordeaux INPHESAM UniversiteI2M UMR 5295F-33405 TalenceFrance French Atomic Energy Commission Route des GargailsCedexF-33114Le BarpFrance

Modern additive manufacturing processes enable fabricating architected cellular materials of complex shape,which can be used for different *** them,lattice structures are increasingly used in applications requiring a compromise among lightness and suited mechanical properties,like improved energy absorption capacity and specific stiffness-to-weight and strength-to-weight ratios.A dedicated modeling strategy to assess the energy absorption capacity of lattice structures under uni-axial compression loading is presented in this *** numerical model is developed in a non-linear framework accounting for the strain rate effect on the mechanical responses of the lattice *** geometries,i.e.,cubic body centered cell,octet cell,rhombic-dodecahedron and truncated cuboctahedron 2+,are ***,the influence of the relative density of the representative volume element of each geometry,the strain-rate dependency of the bulk material and of the presence of the manufacturing process-induced geometrical imperfections on the energy absorption capacity of the lattice structure is *** main outcome of this study points out the importance of correctly integrating geometrical imperfections into the modeling strategy when shock absorption applications are aimed for.

关键词： Lattice structures Architected cellular materials Dynamic simulation Energy absorption Geometrical imperfection Additive manufacturing

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