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Recent Advances to Understand Morphology Stability of Organic Photovoltaics

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Nano-Micro Letters 2017年第1期9卷 39-54页

作者： antonio Guerrero Germà Garcia-Belmonte Institute of Advanced Materials(INAM) Universitat Jaume I12006 Castello´Spain

Organic photovoltaic devices are on the verge of commercialization with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 10 % in laboratory cells and above 8.5 % in modules. However, one of the main limitations hindering their mass scale production is the debatable inferior stability of organic photovoltaic devices in comparison to other *** donor/acceptor morphology of the active layer is required to provide carrier separation and transport to the electrodes. Unfortunately, the beneficial morphology for device performance is usually a kinetically frozen state which has not reached thermodynamic equilibrium. During the last 5 years, special efforts have been dedicated to isolate the effects related to morphology changes taking place within the active layer and compare to those affecting the interfaces with the external electrodes. The current review discusses some of the factors affecting the donor/acceptor morphology evolution as one of the major intrinsic degradation pathways. Special attention is paid to factors in the nano- and microscale *** example, phase segregation of the polymer and fullerene domains due to Ostwald ripening is a major factor in the microscale domain and is affected by the presence of additives, glass transition temperature of the polymers or use of crosslinkers in the active layer. Alternatively, the role of vertical segregation profile toward the external electrodes is key for device operation, being a clear case of nanoscale morphology evolution. For example, donor and acceptor molecules actually present at the external interfaces will determine the leakage current of the device, energy-level alignment, and interfacial recombination processes. Different techniques have been developed over the last few years to understand its relationship with the device efficiency. Of special interest are those techniques which enable in situ analysis being nondestructive as they can be used to study accelerated degradation experiments and

关键词： Organic photovoltaics Intrinsic degradation Morphology Thermal degradation Interface

Synthesis of Lignin-Based Polyacid in an Acidic Ionic Liquid: A Green Method to Improve the Performance of Lignin as catalyst in Urea-Formaldehyde Resin

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第2期10卷 237-246页

作者： Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili antonio Pizzi Department of Wood and Paper Sciences Faculty of Natural ResourcesSemnan UniversitySemnanIran LERMAB University of LorraineEpinalFrance

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of ionic liquid treated lignin-based polyacid as a catalyst for urea-formaldehyde(UF)*** of lignin was carried out,without any catalyst,with anhydride maleic and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate[Bmim][HSO 4]as acidic ionic liquid to form maleated lignin-based polyacids(MA-IL).The performance of MA-IL as UF resin catalyst was respectively compared to hyroxymethylated lignin-based polyacid(MA-HL)and to NH 4 *** FTIR analysis indicated that the propor-tion of-cOOH and c-O bonds increased due to the esterification of lignin with ionic liquid rather than its *** tests indicated that the gelation time of the UF resin was shorter by adding MA-IL when compared to NH 4 cl and MA-HL,*** analysis showed that the addition of MA-IL significantly decreased the temperature peak(Tp)of the UF resin;as the Tp of the UF resin with 2 wt%MA-IL was lower than with MA-HL and NH 4 cl,*** panel test results of plywood bonded with a UF resin with a MA-IL level increasing from 1%to 3%,effectively improved the mechanical strength,water resistance and formaldehyde emission even higher than with MA-HL and NH 4 cl,respectively.

关键词： Lignin-based polyacid maleic anhydride ionic liquid esterification plywood

Non-Intrusive Elastic Query Processing in the cloud

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Journal of computer Science & Technology 2013年第6期28卷 932-947页

作者： Ticiana L. coelho da Silva Mario A. Nascimento Jose antonio F. de Macedo Flavio R. c. Sousa Javam c. Machado Department of computing Federal University of Ceara Fortaleza Ceara Brazil Department of computing Science University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E8 Canada

cloud computing is a very promising paradigm of service-oriented computing. One major benefit of cloud computing is its elasticity, i.e., the system＇s capacity to provide and remove resources automatically at runtime. For that, it is essential to design and implement an efficient and effective technique that takes full advantage of the system＇s potential flexibility. This paper presents a non-intrusive approach that monitors the performance of relational database management systems in a cloud infrastructure, and automatically makes decisions to maximize the efficiency of the provider＇s environment while still satisfying agreed upon ＂service level agreements＂（SLAs）. Our experiments conducted on Amazon＇s cloud infrastructure, confirm that our technique is capable of automatically and dynamically adjusting the system＇s allocated resources observing the SLA.

关键词： elasticity query processing non-intrusive service level agreement

Evaluation of Desertification Processes in SeridóRegion (NE Brazil)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第5期4卷 12-17页

作者： Reinaldo antonio Petta Leila Vespoli de carvalho Stefan Erasmi charles Jones Department of Geology Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Fakultä t für Geowissenschaften und Geographie Geography Department University California Santa Barbara

This paper outlines procedures to analyze the desertification processes in the semi-arid Seridó Region (NE Brazil). Using the Geosystem theory, the detection of desertification areas was based on environmental indices, digital image processing in multispectral analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS).The first step was to treat the rainfall data and NDVI satellite Modis, aiming at identifying areas which do not present vegetation cover, even during the rainy *** second step was to work on a regional scale using Landsat ETM + images (2000-2005) and data collected in the field, as the evaluations of exposed surfaces, that together with MDT/SRTM-NASA and thematic maps, allowed to classify the altitude and slope of the relief, soils type, different morphologies and geology, and correlate them with the areas susceptible to desertification process. The integration of the georeferenced data, related to these indicators, allowed the identification of five different levels of susceptibility to desertification (very high, high, moderate, low and very low), and the geographic domain of each class. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the vegetation cover, we can establish that the main results refer that there is a decrease of the biomass at the region, associated with the dense caatinga vegetation areas, but more important, with the scrub and degraded areas.

关键词： Desertification caatinga MODIS Landsat NDVI Seridó Brazil

High- and Low-Rearing Rats Differ in the Brain Excitability controlled by the Allosteric Benzodiazepine Site in the GABA_(A) Receptor

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第3期2卷 315-325页

作者： Rosana Alves Jose Gilberto Barbosa de carvalho Marco antonio campana Venditti Departamento de Psicobiologia Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloRua BotucatuBrazil

Rearing is an exploratory behavior induced by novelty, such as exposure to an open field. Stimulation of certain brain regions, including the hippocampus, induces both rearing and clonic convulsions. Brain excitability is controlled by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmission through its ionotropic GABAA/allosteric benzodiazepine site. Drugs that decrease GABAA receptor fast inhibitory neurotransmission induce clonic convulsions and rearing when injected into the hippocampus. Therefore, individual differences in rearing behavior may be related to the susceptibility to clonic convulsions, which could involve differences in brain excitability controlled by GABAA/allosteric benzodiazepine site receptors. Adult, male Wistar rats were divided into high- (HR) and low-rearing (LR) groups based on the number of rearings in the open field test. Groups of HR and LR rats were challenged with convulsant drugs that antagonize GABA neurotransmission via different mechanisms of action (3-mercaptopropionic acid, a glutamate decarboxilase inhibitor;bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist;pentylenetetrazol and picrotoxin, both GABAA receptor chloride channel blockers and DMcM, a benzodiazepine inverse agonist). The convulsant doses that induced 50% of clonic convulsions were determined for each drug. The LR rats had a higher susceptibility (a lower convulsant dose 50%) to clonic convulsions induced by DMcM than the HR rats, but there were no differences between the groups in the susceptibility to tonic convulsions induced by the same drug. There were no significant differences in the convulsant dose 50% for clonic convulsions between the groups for all other drugs injected. In another experiment, additional HR and LR rats were injected with a sedative-hypnotic dose of diazepam, which caused a significantly higher hypnotic effect (sleeping-time) in the LR rats than in the HR rats. The LR group was also shown to have a significantly lower density of [3H]-Flunitrazep

关键词： Open Field Rearing Behavior clonic convulsion Diazepam Sleep Benzodiazepine DMcM GABA_(A) Receptor [^(3)H]-Flunitrazepam Binding Hippocampus Novelty Stress

Strategies to Promote Regional Innovation

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chinese Business Review 2016年第10期15卷 466-478页

作者： Andriele De Pra carvalho Paula Regina Zarelli Marco antonio Harms Dias UTFPR Francisco Beltrao Brasil UNIVALI Itajai Brasil

A favorable environment for the exchange of information and innovation is able to provide the economic and social progress. Thus, this article aims to propose a study methodology to develop strategies for promoting technological innovation, to answer the research question： What actions to leverage the innovative potential of a region？ Data were collected through qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study was characterized as exploratory, descriptive, and inventory. The study sample was composed of the industrial spectrum of Francisco Beltrao region. Innovation indexes were identified companies operating in areas of greatest economic importance. Representatives of the companies were interviewed for the researcher could analyze their knowledge of the laws that encourage innovation and actions imposed by the interested parties and the municipal government. Interested parties were also interviewed to verify the effectiveness of actions. The main results indicated a low overall rate of innovation of companies in the Francisco Beltrao region. Another point was the very low number of companies they knew about laws and incentives. The higher content of knowledge of these laws and actions of stakeholders were among the companies participating in the single business hub of the city looking for technological innovation. The main conclusions brought proposed strategies to promote technological innovation.

关键词： regional development innovation management sustainable development innovation sustainable management

Glutamine and glutamate supplementation raise milk glutamine concentrations in lactating gilts

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 25-31页

作者： Helena Emilia ccc Manso Helio c Manso Filho Luiz E de carvalho Marianne Kutschenko Eduardo T Nogueira Malcolm Watford Department of Animal Sciences Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePE52171-900Brazil Departament of Animal Sciences Federal University of CearáFortalezaCE60020-181Brazil Ajinomoto do Brazil S oPauloSP04015-001Brazil Department of Nutritional Sciences Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ08901USA.

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in milk, and lactation is associated with increased glutamine utilization both for milk synthesis and as a fuel for the enlarged small intestine. A number of recent studies have indicated that lactation is accompanied by a mild catabolic state in which skeletal muscle proteins are degraded to provide amino acids that are used to synthesize additional glutamine. In this study we tested the hypothesis that supplemental L-glutamine or the commercially available glutamine supplement Aminogut （2.5% by weight mixed into daily feed） provided to gilts from 30 days prior to parturition until 21 days post-parturition would prevent a decrease in skeletal muscle glutamine while increasing the glutamine content of the milk. Muscle glutamine content decreased （P 〈 0.05） in control animals during lactation but this was prevented by supplementation with either L-glutamine or Aminogut. In this study, neither lactation nor supplementation had any effect on plasma glutamine or glutamate content. Free glutamine, and the total glutamine plus glutamate concentrations in milk from the control and the Aminogut group rose （P 〈 0.05） during the first 7 days of lactation, with milk concentrations in the L-glutamine supplemented group showing a similar trend （P = 0.053）. Milk glutamate remained constant between day 7 and 21 of lactation in the control and L-glutamine supplemented groups, but by day 21 of lactation the free glutamine, glutamate, and glutamine plus glutamate concentrations in milk from Aminogut-treated gilts were higher than those of control gilts. Thus dietary glutamine supplementation can alleviate the fall in intramuscular glutamine content during lactation in gilts, and may alleviate some of the catabolic effects of lactation. Furthermore, the increased milk glutamine content in the supplemented gilts may provide optimum nutrition for piglet development.

关键词： glutamate glutamine lactation milk pig skeletal muscle

Pancreatic head excavation for tissue diagnosis may reduce unnecessary pancreaticoduode- nectomies in the setting of chronic pancreatitis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第3期16卷 315-322页

作者： Alessandro Fancellu Giorgio c Ginesu claudio F Feo Maria L cossu Marco Puledda antonio Pinna Alberto Porcu Department of clinical and Experimental Medicine Unit of General Surgery 2 - Clinica Chirurgica University of Sassari V.le San Pietro 43 07100 Sassari Italy

BAcKGROUND： The necessity to obtain a tissue diagnosis of cancer prior to pancreatic surgery still remains an open debate. In fact, a non-negligible percentage of patients under- going pancreaticoduodenectomy （PD） for suspected cancer has a benign lesion at final histology. We describe an approach for patients with diagnostic uncertainty between cancer and chronic pancreatitis, with the aim of minimizing the incidence of PD for suspicious malignancy finally diagnosed as benign disease. METHODS： Eighty-eight patients （85.4%） with a clinicoradio- logical picture highly suggestive for malignancy received for- mal PD （group 1）. Fifteen patients （14.6%） in whom preopera- tive diagnosis was uncertain between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis underwent pancreatic head excavation （PHEX） for intraoperative tissue diagnosis （group 2）： those diagnosed as having cancer received PD, whereas those with chronic pancreatitis received pancreaticojejunostomy （P]）. RESULTS： No patient received PD for benign disease. All pa- tients in group I had adenocarcinoma on final histology. Eight patients of group 2 （53.3%） received PD after intraoperative diagnosis of cancer, whereas 7 （46.7%） received PJ because no malignancy was found at introperative frozen sections. No signs of cancer were encountered in patients receiving PHEX and PJ after a median follow-up of 42 months. Overall survival did not differ between patients receiving PD for cancer in the group 1 and those receiving PD for cancer after PHEX in the group 2 （P=0.509）. cONcLUSION： Although the described technique has been used in a very selected group of patients, our results suggest that PHEX for tissue diagnosis may reduce rates of unnecessary PD, when the preoperative diagnosis is uncertain between cancer and chronic pancreatitis.

关键词： pancreatic carcinoma chronic pancreatitis pancreaticoduodenectomy pancreatic head excavation

Prediction of SARS-coV-2 hosts among Brazilian mammals and new coronavirus transmission chain using evolutionary bioinformatics

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Animal Diseases 2022年第1期2卷 16-26页

作者： Luciano Rodrigo Lopes Giancarlo de Mattos cardillo Natalia carvalho de Lucca Pina antonio carlos da Silva Junior Silvana Kertzer Kasinski Paulo Bandiera-Paiva SPBrasil SPBrasil

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-coV)and SARS-coV-2 are thought to transmit to humans via wild mammals,especially ***,evidence for direct bat-to-human transmission is *** of intermediate hosts is considered a reason for SARS-coV-2 transmission to humans and emergence of *** biodiversity is found in tropical territories,such as *** the similar line,this study aimed to predict potential coronavirus hosts among Brazilian wild mammals based on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(AcE2)sequences using evolutionary ***,maned wolf,and bush dogs were predicted as potential hosts for *** indigenous carnivores are philogenetically closer to the known SARS-coV/SARS-coV-2 hosts and presented low AcE2 divergence.A new coronavirus transmission chain was developed in which white-tailed deer,a susceptible SARS-coV-2 host,have the central *** play an important role because of its low divergent AcE2 level in deer and *** discovery of these potential coronavirus hosts will be useful for epidemiological surveillance and discovery of interventions that can contribute to break the transmission chain.

关键词： SARS-coV-2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 coronavirus Brazilian mammals White-tailed deer