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Development of an experimental method for well-controlled blast induced traumatic limb fracture in rats

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 168-176页

作者： Luyang Xu Xiancheng Yu Clement DFavier Ibidumo Igah Thuy-Tien Nguyen Warren Macdonald anthony mj.bull Centre for Blast Injury Studies Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Royal Free London National Health Service Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom

Heterotopic ossification(HO)is a consequence of traumatic bone and tissue damage,which occurs in 65%of military casualties with blast-associated ***,the mechanisms behind blast-induced HO remain *** models are used to study blast-induced HO,but developing such models is challenging,particularly in how to use a pure blast wave(primary blast)to induce limb fracture that then requires an *** studies,including our recent study,have developed platforms to induce limb fractures in rats with blast loading or a mixture of blast and impact ***,these models are limited by the survivability of the animal and repeatability of the *** this study,we developed an improved platform,aiming to improve the animal's survivability and injury repeatability as well as focusing on primary blast *** platform exposed only one limb of the rat to a blast wave while providing proper protection to the rest of the rat's *** obtained very consistent fracture outcome in the tibia(location and pattern)in cadaveric rats with a large range of size and ***,the rats did not obviously move during the test,where movement is a potential cause of uncontrolled *** further conducted parametric studies by varying the features of the design of the *** factors,such as how the limb is fixed and how the cavity through which the limb is placed is sealed,significantly affect the resulting *** platform and test setups enable well-controlled limb fracture induced directly by pure blast wave,which is the fundamental step towards a complete in vivo animal model for blast-induced HO induced by primary blast alone,excluding secondary and tertiary blast *** addition,the platform design and the findings presented here,particularly regarding the proper protection of the animal,have implications for future studies investigating localized blast injuries,such as blast induced brain and lung injuries.

关键词： Blast injury Biomechanics Heterotopic ossification Limb fracture Blast wave Animal model

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Development of an experimental method for well-controlled blast induced traumatic limb fracture in rats

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Defence Technology 2024年第4期 168页

作者： Luyang Xu Xiancheng Yu Clement D.Favier Ibidumo Igah Thuy-Tien Nguyen Warren Macdonald anthony mj.bull

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Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Some Key Tropical Sawdust Woods for Energy Production

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2024年第1期14卷 1-22页

作者： Davy Fiwa Kaoke Yann Le Brech Emmanuel Talla anthony Dufour Patrick Mountapmbeme Kouotou Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Laboratory of Reactions and Process Engineering University of Lorraine-France Nancy France Higher Institute of Agriculture Wood Water and Environment University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon

In South Saharan countries, 85% of the population uses biomass as a primary energy source. Cameroon presents one of the highest biomass energy and sawmills produce important sawdust resources which are not used and are burnt in piles leading to significant air toxic emissions. Therefore, we have to valorize industrially these available sawdusts. This study focuses on the physicochemical and thermochemical analysis of Ayous, Sapelli and Tali sawdust. The proximate and ultimate analysis, particle size, structural composition, as well as heavy metal content and calorific value were determined. In addition, the thermogravimetric mass losses were also estimated. The results showed that high water contents (24% - 41%) were recorded in the raw sawdust, and the thermal treatment reduced these contents from 78% to values in the range of 4% - 9%. The values for ash and volatile matter content were respectively between 0.25% - 0.74% and 68% - 76%. The LHV is higher in Ayous (17.5 mj/kg) and Sapelli (16.8 mj/kg) than that of Tali (15.7 mj/kg). The concentration of heavy metals is very low in each species. Extractives are more present in Tali (16.06%) than in the other sawdusts. Pyrolysis of sawdust shows the typical decomposition of hemicellulose (270˚C - 325˚C), cellulose (325˚C - 400˚C) and lignin (200˚C - 550˚C) with a maximum loss of 75% at 370˚C and the melting point is 320˚C. The results of the sawdust parameters determined in the paper can be valorized to reduce pollutants emissions by developing the efficiency and effectiveness of biomass energy processes and promoting the use of biomass as a sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels.

关键词： Wood Sawmills Sawdust Combustion Energy

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Surgical interventions for anterior shoulder instability in rugby players: A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第4期6卷 400-408页

作者： Sanjeeve Sabharwal Nirav K Patel anthony mj.bull Peter Reilly SpR Trauma and Orthopaedics Imperial College NHS Trust St Mary’s Hospital Musculoskeletal Mechanics Imperial College London Imperial College London Imperial College NHS Trust St Mary’s Hospital

AIM: To systematically evaluate the evidence-based literature on surgical treatment interventions for elite rugby players with anterior shoulder instability. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in PubM ed, EMBASE and Google Scholar using the following search terms: "rugby" and "shoulder" in combination with "instability" or "dislocation". All articles published from inception of the included data sources to January 1st 2014 that evaluated surgical treatment of elite rugby players with anterior shoulder instability were examined. RESULTS: Only five studies were found that met the eligibility criteria. A total of 379 shoulders in 376 elite rugby union and league players were included. All the studies were retrospective cohort or case series studies. The mean Coleman Methodological Score for the 5 studies was 47.4(poor). Owing to heterogeneity amongst the studies, quantitative synthesis was not possible, however a detailed qualitative synthesis is reported. The overall recurrence rate of instability after surgery was 8.7%, and the mean return to competitive play, where reported, was 13 ***: Arthroscopic stabilization has been performed successfully in acute anterior instability and there is a preference for open Latarjet-type procedures when instability is associated with osseous defects.

关键词： Shoulder Instability Dislocation Rugby Latarjet

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Bamboo Biomass for Bioenergy Production in Mauritius

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2022年第4期12卷 82-98页

作者： Mark anthony Hansley Bernard Marc Michel Lucotte GEOTOP & Institute of Environmental Sciences UQAM Montréal Canada

Bamboo, globally renowned as being one of the fastest-growing plants in the world with versatile applications, has gained increasing attention during the past decades. It is being used by millions of people around the globe as a biomass resource for energy production, as timber for furniture making, in the food industry and many more. So far, on the Island of Mauritius, little to no consideration has been given to this fascinating plant. This paper presents the physical and chemical properties of two species of bamboo—Bambusia vulgaris and Bambusia bambos, compared to sugarcane bagasse for bio-energy production. Ten samples of each species were tested for gross calorific value (GCV), moisture, ash and chloride content. The results show that both species have a very good potential for energy recovery with a GCV of 16.77 mj/kg for Bambusia vulgaris and 17.44 mj/kg for Bambusia bambos, and are valuable sources of biomass with an average energetic yield of 717.8 GJ/ha/yr and 1587.1 GJ/ha/yr respectively. In comparison, the GCV for sugarcane bagasse was found to be 18.33 mj/kg with an energetic yield of 824.9 GJ/ha/yr. Simultaneously, a research survey on community acceptance and perception of the Mauritian citizens towards the utilisation of bamboo biomass as an alternative to fossil fuels for bio-energy production was conducted via semi-structured questionnaires. The questionnaires were administered to a total of 54 respondents. 3 women and 3 men were randomly interviewed in each of the 9 districts of the island. The results show that the participants are very much aware of the many issues related to the exploitation of fossil fuels and support the use and implementation of renewable sources of energy for bio-energy production. Eighty percent of the participants supported the implementation of bamboo biomass in the overall energy generation mix in a bold move to lessen their ecological footprint.

关键词： Bamboo Bambusia vulgaris Bambusia bambos Biomass Renewable Energy Gross Calorific Value Community Acceptance

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Morphometry and subpopulation structure of Holstein bull spermatozoa： variations in ejaculates and cryopreservation straws

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第6期18卷 851-857页

作者： anthony Valverde Hector Arenan Maria Sancho Jesus Contell Jesus Yaniz Alejandro Fernandez Caries Soler Technological Institute of Costa Rica San Carlos Campus S Xenetica Fontao Fontao-Esperante 27210 Lugo Spain R+D Department Proiser R+D Scientific Park University of Valencia 46980 Paterna Spain Department of Animal Production and Food Science Politechnical School of Huesca University of Zaragoza 22071 Huesca Spain Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology University of Valencia 46100 Burjassot Spain

Sperm quality is evaluated for the calculation of sperm dosage in artificial reproductive programs. The most common parameter used is motility, but morphology has a higher potential as a predictor of genetic quality. Morphometry calculations from CASA-Morph technology improve morphological evaluation and allow mathematical approaches to the problem. Semen from 28 Holstein bulls was collected by artificial vagina, and several ejaculates were studied. After general evaluation, samples were diluted, packaged in 0.25 ml straws, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Two straws per sample were thawed, and slides were processed and stained with Diff-Quik. Samples were analyzed by a CASA-Morph system for eight morphometric parameters. In addition to the ＂classical＂ statistical approach, based on variance analysis （revealing differences between animals, ejaculates, and straws）, principal component （PC） analysis showed that the variables were grouped into PC1, related to size, and PC2 to shape. Subpopulation structure analysis showed four groups, namely, big, small, short, and narrow from their dominant characteristics, representing 31.0%, 27.3%, 24.1%, and 17.7% of the total population, respectively. The distributions varied between animals and ejaculates, but between straws, there were no differences in only four animals. This modern approach of considering an ejaculate sperm population as divided into subpopulations reflecting quantifiable parameters generated by CASA-Morph systems technology opens a new view on sperm function. This is the first study applying this approach to evaluate different ejaculates and straws from the same individual. More work must be done to improve seminal dose calculations in assisted reproductive programs.

关键词： cryopreservation Holstein bull sperm morphometry subpopulations

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Anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties of methyl jasmonate in rats

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2017年第3期15卷 202-209页

作者： UMUKORO Solomon ALABI Akinyinka Oladipo EDUVIERE anthony Taghogho AJAYI Abidemi Mayowa OLUWOLE Oluwafemi Gabriel Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences University of lbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesOlabisi Onabanjo UniversityAgo-IwoyeNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Medicine and Health SciencesAfe Babalola UniversityAdo-Ekiti Nigeria

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties of methyl jasmonate(mj) in experimental rat models of acute and chronic *** effects of mj on acute inflammation were assessed using carrageenan-induced rat's paw edema *** granuloma air pouch model was employed to evaluate the effects of mj on chronic inflammation produced by carrageenan in *** number of white blood cells(WBC) in pouch exudates was estimated using light *** levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress,such as malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH) and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the exudates,were determined using *** membrane stabilizing property of mj was assessed based on inhibition of hemolysis of rat red blood cells(RBC) exposed to hypotonic *** results indicated that mj(25-100 mg·kg-1,i.p.) produced significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats(P mj reduced the volume of pouch exudates and the number of WBC in carrageenan-induced granulomatous *** also exhibited potent antioxidant and membrane stabilizing *** conclusion,these findings suggest the therapeutic potentials of methyl jasmonate in disease conditions associated with inflammation and its anti-inflammatory activity may be related to its antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activities.

关键词： Methyl jasmonate Granuloma air pouch model Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Membrane stabilizing property

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bull and Bear Dynamics of the Nigeria Stock Returns Transitory via Mingled Autoregressive Random Processes

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Open Journal of Statistics 2021年第5期11卷 870-885页

作者： Rasaki Olawale Olanrewaju anthony Gichuhi Waititu Lukman Abiodun Nafiu Department of Mathematical Sciences Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Department of Mathematical Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Mathematics and Statistics Kabale University Kabale Uganda

This paper expounds the nitty-gritty of stock returns transitory, periodical behavior of its markets’ demands and cyclical-like tenure-changing of number of the stocks sold. Mingling of autoregressive random processes via Poisson and Extreme-Value-Distributions (Fréchet, Gumbel, and Weibull) error terms were designed, generalized and imitated to capture stylized traits of k-serial tenures (ability to handle cycles), Markov transitional mixing weights, switching of mingling autoregressive processes and full range shape changing predictive distributions (multimodalities) that are usually caused by large fluctuations (outliers) and long-memory in stock returns. The Poisson and Extreme-Value-Distributions Mingled Autoregressive (PMA and EVDs) models were applied to a monthly number of stocks sold in Nigeria from 1960 to 2020. It was deduced that fitted Gumbel-MAR (2:1, 1) outstripped other linear models as well as best fitted among the Poisson and Extreme-Value-Distributions Mingled autoregressive models subjected to the discrete monthly stocks sold series.

关键词： Autoregressive Random Processes Extreme-Value-Distributions Mingled Poisson Stock Returns

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Performance of Different Orthodontic Brackets after Exposure to Dietary Components: An <i>in Vitro</i>Pilot Study

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2021年第9期11卷 341-348页

作者： anthony Fusco Syed Ahmed Jared Link Tanya Al-Talib Neamat Hassan Abubakr DMD School of Dental Medicine University of Nevada Las Vegas NV USA Department of Clinical Sciences School of Dental Medicine University of Nevada Las Vegas NV USA Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Dental Medicine University of Nevada Las Vegas NV USA

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a significant difference in shear bond strength between metal and ceramic brackets when exposed to acidic dietary components (beverages) and to observe the chromogenic potential of each in vitro. Methods: Metal and clear orthodontic brackets were placed on extracted maxillary second premolars and exposed to select beverages three times daily for four weeks. Shade was taken using a colorimeter device at seven intervals and the shear bond strength of each bracket was recorded. Results: There was a variable change in tooth shade with respect to the various beverages in which they were submerged. Coffee and Dr. Pepper had the most pronounced change, whereas Red bull and water produced little to none, respectively. Compared to controls, brackets submerged in coffee had the greatest reduction in shear bond strength, followed by Dr. Pepper, then Red bull. Overall, clear brackets showed higher shear bond strength than metal brackets. Conclusion: Acidic dietary components have a negative effect on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, and more pigmented beverages have a higher chromogenic staining potential.

关键词： Bracket Shear Bond Strength Orthodontics Tooth Shade

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