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Agronomic Performance, Stability Analysis and Evaluation of Anthracnose Disease Resistance of Common Bean Lines Derived by Marker-Assisted Backcrossing in Uganda

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 376-397页

作者： Stanley T. Nkalubo annet namayanja annet Namusoke Jane Mukabaranga Nampijja Shakirah Allan Nkuboye Paul Gepts Wakjira Tesfahun Jebesa National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) Namulonge Kampala Uganda Department of Plant Sciences/MS1 University of California Davis CA USA Department of Plant Science and Horticulture College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia

The present study focused on evaluating the agronomic performance, stability, and anthracnose resistance of common bean lines derived through Marker-Assisted Backcrossing in Uganda. Eight marker-assisted selection (MAS) backcross-derived bush bean lines with red seed types, alongside two checks, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design replicated two times in five locations for three consecutive crop-growing seasons in 2021 and 2022. The study aimed to identify lines with both high stable yields and enhanced resistance to anthracnose disease for potential release and utilization in future bean varietal development in Uganda. Agronomic traits, including days to 50% flowering, days to 90% physiological maturity, seed yield, seed yield components, and anthracnose disease reaction under natural infestation were assessed. The response to anthracnose disease was further assessed using six isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum representing six different races. Results indicated that the agronomic performances of the MAS backcross-derived bush bean lines were statistically comparable to the recurrent parent NABE14. Specifically, six lines exhibited statistically equal to or higher performance than NABE14 in terms of seed yield, total number of seeds and number of pods per plant. The combined analysis of variance for seed yield showed significant (p Co-42 and Co-5 anthracnose resistance genes in the derived line. In conclusion, UGKT-B157-4, identified as the best-performing and stable genotype, demonstrates promise for release and use in future bean varietal development in Uganda, offering a combination of high yields and enhanced anthracnose disease resistance. The study provides valuable insights into the potential of Marker-Assisted Backcrossing in improving common bean varieties in the region.

关键词： Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Genotype by Environment Interaction GGE Biplot MAS

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Genotypic Variation for Tolerance to Low Soil Phosphorous in Common Bean under Controlled Screen House Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第4期5卷 270-285页

作者： annet namayanja Johnson Semoka Robin Buruchara Susan Nchimbi Moses Waswa Department of Crop Science and Production Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Department of Soil Science Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Coordinator for Africa Nairobi Kenya National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCR-RI)-Namulonge Kampala Uganda

Production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is often limited by the low availability of soil phosphorus (P). Identification of common bean genotypes adapted to low phosphorus (P) availability may be a feasible strategy to overcome the poor plant growth and production in P-deficient soils. Genetic variation for P response of thirteen common bean genotypes was studied under screen house controlled conditions using triple super phosphate as P source. The common bean genotypes varied in leaf area, shoot mass, root mass, total root length, basal and lateral roots production, shoot P concentration and P uptake under phosphorous deficiency and high phosphorous. All the measured variables were significantly correlated with each other, which in turn were correlated to P uptake. Generally the large-seeded genotypes RWR 1946 and RWR 2075 appeared to have the best growth, hence superior P efficiency under low P availability, while at the same time they were more responsive to added P. These results complement the earlier field based observed tolerance to low soil phosphorous of the selected genotypes under the BILFA strategy.

关键词： BILFA Phaseolus vulgaris Phosphorus P-Uptake Shoot Mass

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PNPLA8是调控三阴性乳腺癌磷脂代谢并促进肿瘤增殖和转移的关键分子（英文）

PNPLA8是调控三阴性乳腺癌磷脂代谢并促进肿瘤增殖和转移的关键分...

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2024中国肿瘤标志物学术大会暨CACA整合肿瘤学高峰论坛暨第十七届肿瘤标志物青年科学家论坛暨中国肿瘤标志物产业创新大会

作者：谭哲琼 Pragney Deme Keerti Boyapati annet A.M.Duivenvoorden Ron M.A.Heeren Caitlin M.Tressler Norman James Haughey Kristine Glunde

Background Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and leads to the poorest patient outcomes despite surgery and chemotherapy treatment. Exploring new molecular mechanisms of TNBC that could lead to the development of novel molecular targets are critically important for improving therapeutic options for treating *** We sought to identify novel therapeutic targets in TNBC by combining genomic and functional studies with lipidomic analysis, which included mechanistic studies to elucidate the pathways that tie lipid profile to critical cancer cell properties. Our studies were performed in a large panel of human breast cancer cell lines and patient *** Comprehensive lipid profiling revealed that phospholipid metabolism is reprogrammed in TNBC cells. We discovered that patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing lipase 8(PNPLA8)is overexpressed in TNBC cell lines and tissues from breast cancer patients. Silencing of PNPLA8disrupted phospholipid metabolic reprogramming in TNBC, particularly affecting the levels of phosphatidylglycerol(PG), phosphatidylcholine(PC), lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC) and glycerophosphocholine(GPC). We showed that PNPLA8 is essential in regulating cell viability,migration and antioxidation in TNBC cells and promoted arachidonic acid and eicosanoid production, which in turn activated PI3K/Akt/Gsk3β and MAPK *** Our study highlights PNPLA8 as key regulator of phospholipid metabolic reprogramming and malignant phenotypes in TNBC, which could be further developed as a novel molecular treatment target.

关键词： PNPLA8 Breast cancer Triple negative Phospholipid Metabolism reprogramming Eicosanoids Migration Invasion Proliferation

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Farmers Willingness to Pay for Coffee Wilt Disease Free Seedlings;Empirical Study of Masaka and Buikwe District in Central Uganda

Farmers Willingness to Pay for Coffee Wilt Disease Free Seed...

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作者： NAMAKULA annet 西南科技大学

学位级别：硕士

乌干达是世界上咖啡产品生产国和出口国之一,咖啡生产对国内和国外收入的贡献很大。尽管如此,咖啡枯萎病正威胁着这个行业。乌干达的许多关于咖啡的研究,认识到咖啡枯萎病(CWD)免疫幼苗的稀缺性是影响咖啡生产和质量的关键因素之一。优... 详细信息

乌干达是世界上咖啡产品生产国和出口国之一,咖啡生产对国内和国外收入的贡献很大。尽管如此,咖啡枯萎病正威胁着这个行业。乌干达的许多关于咖啡的研究,认识到咖啡枯萎病(CWD)免疫幼苗的稀缺性是影响咖啡生产和质量的关键因素之一。优质的咖啡种植材料主要受到致病生物积累的影响,导致破坏性咖啡青枯病的发展。乌干达有许多干预措施,用于生产和繁殖无病咖啡苗,包括使用像Kyagalanyi这样的咖啡出口公司来帮助咖啡农获取无咖啡萎病的种植材料。这旨在及时和充足地供应优质咖啡种植材料。与此相关的是,当地制造商需要对当地制造持积极态度,才能有时间应对外国咖啡激烈竞争。通过私营部门投资,这项举措的成功和可持续性将高度依赖农民支付无病咖啡苗的意愿。该研究在Buikwe和Masaka进行,这些研究倾向于咖啡青枯病(CWD),目的是探索农民对无青枯病咖啡幼苗的支付意愿(WTP)。具体目标是:i)了解消费者对罗布斯塔咖啡质量的看法是否会影响其市场性。ii)确定影响农民支付无菌咖啡苗的意愿的因素,iii)乌干达中部咖啡种植者的特征,iv)估计农民愿意支付无细菌咖啡苗的价格。使用半结构化问卷从300名咖啡农的样本中随机收集数据。采用条件评价法估算支付意愿,采用卡方检验,t检验和Tobit模型评价影响农民无细菌咖啡苗支付意愿的因素。愿意支付高于咖啡枯萎病无生苗的生产成本的农民年龄介于35至45岁之间,平均土地面积为1.9公顷。咖啡苗的平均价格估计为每苗1600UGX。从供应的距离,幼苗的成本,即一个拥有土地,市场准入和农民的受教育程度的大小显著影响农民的支付意愿。

关键词：咖啡枯萎病幼苗支付意愿咖啡种植

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Spatial distribution of people diagnosed with tuberculosis through routine and active case finding:a community-based study in Kampala,Uganda

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第3期9卷 142-143页

作者： Katherine O.Robsky Peter J.Kitonsa James Mukiibi Olga Nakasolya David Isooba annet Nalutaaya Phillip P.Salvatore Emily A.Kendall Achilles Katamba David Dowdy Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium Makerere UniversityKampalaUganda

Background:Routine tuberculosis(TB)notifications are geographically heterogeneous,but their utility in predicting the location of undiagnosed TB cases is *** aimed to identify small-scale geographic areas with high TB notification rates based on routinely collected data and to evaluate whether these areas have a correspondingly high rate of undiagnosed prevalent ***:We used routinely collected data to identify geographic areas with high TB notification rates and evaluated the extent to which these areas correlated with the location of undiagnosed cases during a subsequent community-wide active case finding intervention in Kampala,*** first enrolled all adults who lived within 35 contiguous zones and were diagnosed through routine care at four local TB Diagnosis and Treatment *** calculated average monthly TB notification rates in each zone and defined geographic areas of“high risk”as zones that constituted the 20%of the population with highest notification *** compared the observed proportion of TB notifications among residents of these high-risk zones to the expected proportion,using simulated estimates based on population size and random variation *** then evaluated the extent to which these high-risk zones identified areas with high burdens of undiagnosed TB during a subsequent community-based active case finding campaign using a chi-square ***:We enrolled 45 adults diagnosed with TB through routine practices and who lived within the study area(estimated population of 49527).Eighteen zones reported no TB cases in the 9-month period;among the remaining zones,monthly TB notification rates ranged from 3.9 to 39.4 per 100000 *** five zones with the highest notification rates constituted 62%(95%CI:47–75%)of TB cases and 22%of the population–significantly higher than would be expected if population size and random chance were the only determinants of zone-to-zone variation(48%,95%simulation interval:40–59%).These f

关键词： Tuberculosis Epidemiology Health system Geographic information systems

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Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolar Teeth in a Ugandan Population

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2011年第1期1卷 7-11页

作者： Charles Mugisha Rwenyonyi annet Kutesa Louis Muwazi William Buwembo 不详

Aim : To determine the variations in the root and canal morphology of the maxillary first premolar teeth in a Ugandan population. Methodology : Extracted maxillary first premolar teeth (n = 202) were evaluated in this study. The specimens had their pulp chambers de-roofed. They were decalcified in nitric acid and made transparent with methyl salicylate. Indian ink was injected into the root canals to display their configuration. Results : One hundred and forty eight (73.3%) of the specimens had two roots, of which 16.9% (n = 25) had fused roots. About 26.7% (n = 54) of the specimens were single rooted. Eleven (20.4%) of the single rooted specimens had one canal of either Vertucci type I, III, V or VII configuration while 79.6% (n = 43) of the specimens had two canals of either Vertucci type II, IV or VI configuration. The two-rooted specimens exhibited Vertucci type IV and VIII canal configuration: 96.6% and 3.4%, respectively. The single rooted teeth had a higher prevalence of lateral canals, canal intercommunications and multiple apical foramina as compared to the two-rooted specimens. Conclusion : The maxillary first premolar teeth in this Ugandan population showed a higher prevalence of two-root morphology with majority of the roots having Vertucci type IV canal configuration. There was no three-root anomaly recorded in the present material.

关键词： Clearing Technique Maxillary Premolars Root Canal Ugandan

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FamilyCoviDD19: results of a cross-sectional study—long-term outcomes of infected and uninfected household members

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2023年第3期11卷 31-44页

作者： Theresa S Horst Jakob P Armann Maren Doenhardt Svenja Dresen Paula Czyborra Josephine Schneider Christin Gano Alexander Dalpke Christian Luck annet Bluschke Magdalena Wekenborg Reinhard Berner Judith Blankenburg Department of Pediatrics University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTechnische UniversitatDresdenDresdenGermany Department of Infectious Diseases Medical Microbiology and HygieneUniversity Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTechnische UniversitatDresdenDresdenGermany Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTechnische UniversitatDresdenDresdenGermany Biological Psychology Technische UniversitatDresdenDresdenGermany Else Kroner Fresenius Center for Digital Health University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav CarusTechnische UniversitatDresdenDresdenGermany

Objective In this study,we aimed to compare long-term physical and mental health outcome between SARS-CoV-2 infected and uninfected household members to differentiate between infection-related and pandemic-related outcomes after about two and a half years of the ***,possible differences in the outcome of adults and children and young people(CYP)were of *** In a cross-sectional study design,we compared the long-term physical and mental health outcome of between infected and uninfected as well as between adult and CYP(household members).Setting The FamilyCoviDD19 study—a serology study in households—was initially conducted to evaluate virus transmission in a close contact setting focusing on households with children and adolescents in *** least 1year after initial infection in the respective households,a follow-up took place in which the prevalence and type of possible long-term consequences were surveyed on the basis of self-reported information on physical and mental *** In this study,a total of 533 household members of 146 families participated and responded to our survey,including 296(55.5%)adults and 237(44.5%)*** The difference in frequency of reported symptoms between infected and uninfected individuals was very moderate,suggesting that the vast majority of reported symptoms were not attributable to a previous SARS-CoV-2 ***,regardless of age and infection status,this study showed overall high rates of self-reported symptoms with CYP having fewer long-term sequelae than adults oneyear after ***,over 50%of those reporting symptoms were not affected in their daily life,with CYPs reporting an even lower percentage compared with *** CYP are at reduced risk not only to develop symptomatic infection or severe disease courses(previous analyses)but also to develop infection-associated long-term sequelae(this study).Independent of infection CYP reported high rates of

关键词： infected sectional consequences

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Effect of a Wildlife-Livestock Interface on the Prevalence of Intra-Erythrocytic Hemoparasites in Cattle

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2013年第8期3卷 315-318页

作者： Richard M. Kabuusu Ruth Alexander annet M. Kabuusu Sylvia N. Muwanga Patrick Atimnedi Calum Macpherson Department of Wildlife and Animal Resources Management Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Makerere University Kampala Uganda Graduate Studies Program St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada Graduate Studies Program St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada chool of Medicine St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada Pathobiology Academic Program St. George’s Grenada School of Veterinary Medicine St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada Pathobiology Academic Program St. George’s Grenada School of Veterinary Medicine St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada Graduate Studies Program St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) Kampala Uganda

We conducted a cross-sectional study to establish the effect of proximity of livestock to a wildlife-livestock interface on the relative abundance of intra-erythrocytic hemoparasites in cattle. Blood samples were obtained from 131 randomlyselected cattle raised around Queen Elizabeth National Park. Cattle-farm location was determined by using Global Positioning System device from an arbitrarily reference point. Giemsa-stained blood smears were examined microscopically for intra-erythrocytic hemoparasites. Correlational analysis was used to examine the relationship between farm location and prevalence, whereas risk ratios were used to determine the strength of mixed hemoparasitic infections among cattle, using a significant level of α = 0.05. The location of a cattle farm significantly predicted the prevalence of Anaplasma (rs = 0.33, p 0.05) and Theileria (rs = 0.57, p 0.01) but, farm’s proximity to QENP did not explain the variation in the prevalence of Babesia (rs = 0.14, p 0.2). Although mixed infections occurred in 15% of sampled cattle, concurrent infection of cattle with A. marginale and B. bigemina [RR = 36;95% CI (7.191);p which was recorded. This study demonstrated that unlike the prevalence of B. bigemina, the prevalence of T. parva and A. marginale in livestock significantly increased with close proximity to a wildlife-livestock interface.

关键词： Wildlife-Livestock Interface Geographical Information System Proximity Ankole Long-Horned Cattle Intra-Erythrocytic Hemoparasites

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Schistosoma mansoniInfection: A Major Contributor of Reduced Effective T Helper Responses against Plasmodium falciparumand Schistosoma mansoniCo-Infection in ex vivo: A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess Th1, Th2 &Th17 Immune Responses

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Open Journal of Immunology 2017年第1期7卷 18-36页

作者： Candia Rowel Rose Nabatanzi Joseph Olobo Ann Auma Benon Asiimwe Olive Mbabazi Alice Bayiyana annet Enzaru Edridah Tukahebwa Microbiology Department College of Health SciencesMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda Infectious Diseases Institute KampalaUganda

Background: Parasitic worms evade immune responses, and interactions between diseases can cause altered immunologic outcomes compared to what usually occurs with single infections. These interactions may influence vaccine and chemotherapeutic efficacy. Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium falciparum are co-endemic in Uganda and are the leading parasitic causes of public health problems across sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: The overall aim was therefore, to elucidate the impact of S. mansoni infection on protective T helper immune responses on P. falciparum and S. mansoni co-infection. Methodology: This study evaluated the T helper immune responses in individuals with independent S. mansoni infection, independent P. falciparum infection, co-infection and non-infection in school attending children in a co-endemic area along Lake Victoria shores, Uganda. Immune responses were categorized into Th1, Th2, and Th17 based on unique cytokine(s) produced by the T helper subpopulation in ex vivo. Kato Katz thick smears and circulating cathodic antigen tests were performed for S. mansoni screening, whereas thick and thin blood smear techniques were performed for P. falciparum screening. Results: We observed an up regulated Th1 T helper subpopulation in independent P. falciparum infections compared to the uninfected group. Suboptimal T helper immune responses were detected in independent S. mansoni infections characterized by significantly down regulated Th1 (Z = -1.425, p = 0.0313) response in comparison to the non-infected group. Suboptimal T helper immune responses were also recorded in the co-infected individuals characterized by significantly down regulated Th1 (Z = -3.260, p = 0.0273) and Th2 (Z = -1.180, p = 0.0078) responses compared to independent P. falciparum. Conclusions: S. mansoni infection is a major contributor of a reduced effective T helper immune response against P. falciparum in P. falciparum and S. mansoni co-infection.

关键词： Plasmodium falciparum Schistosoma mansoni Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) T Helper Immune Response Ex Vivo

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Mechanical and Rheological Characteristics of Micro-Particle Maize Tassel-Filled Polypropylene Micro-Composites

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2011年第2期1卷 131-147页

作者： Emmanuel Rotimi Sadiku annet Chacko Lekgethile Mable Karabo Kekana Goitseona Phiri Jonathan Okechukwu Okonkwo Caliphs Musa Zvinowanda Mahlatsa Mapula Sekhula Nana Mensah Agyei Department of Mechanical Engineering （Polymer Technology） Tshwane University of Technology CSIR Campus Lynnwoodridge 0400 Rep. of South Africa Department of Environmental Water and Earth Science Faculty of Science Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria 0001 Rep . of South Africa Department of Chemistry University of Limpopo Medunsa 0204 Rep. of South Africa

Maize tassel was pulverized into micro-particulate size. The tassel particles, at various degree of loading (ranging between 0-10%), were used as fillers, in polypropylene. The resulting mixtures were melt-extruded, pelletized, moulded into tensile test specimens and tested for their rheological performance and mechanical integrity. Activation energy, a E Δ, of flow from rheological tests increases with % tassel loading. This implies that increase in tassel loading impedes smooth pliability of the composites, since higher energy for flow is needed for ease processability as the tassel loading increases. The improvement in stiffness with tassel content is the expected effect, caused by the addition of rigid filler into the semi-rigid matrix and dynamic storage modulus " G change in the transition of the composites appears smaller than that of the virgin PP. The decrease in " G (10% tassel loading) at 190 oC with respect to neat PP in the glassy region could be as a result of agglomeration of particles due to high load loss. The % strain decreases asymptotically as a function of tassel loading, while tensile strength grows asymptotically. The work-of-rupture (area under the stress vs. strain curve) decreases with % tassel loading with a polynomial model, having a coefficient of fit, R2 of ~0.9956. Tensile strength (polynomially modeled), decreased with increasing tassel loading, with a coefficient of fit, R2 of ~0.9979. This is attributed to the different polarities of the components of the composite, resulting from the non-use of a coupling agent. Generally, there is an increase in the Young’s modulus with increasing tassel loading. For instance, at 10% tassel loading, the Young’s Modulus improved only by about 1? folds the value of the virgin PP. A linear model for the Young’s Modulus did not produce a strong coefficient of fit (R2 of ~0.7701) when compared to the tensile strength. Impact strength decreased exponentially with increasing tassel loading (R2 ~0.8504).

关键词：填充聚丙烯复合材料微观粒子流变特性力学性能雄穗玉米多项式模型

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