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Using a Coupled Air Quality Modeling System for the Development of an Air Quality Plan in Madrid (Spain): Source Apportionment and Analysis Evaluation of Mitigation Measures

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第3期4卷 46-61页

作者： Raúl Arasa anna domingo-dalmau Ricardo Vargas Technical Department Barcelona Spain Environmental and Territorial Planning Agency Regional Government of Madrid Madrid Spain

In this contribution, we use a coupled air quality modelling system (AQM) as a tool to design and develop an air quality plan in Madrid. AQM has allowed us to obtain a preliminary evaluation of the effect of mitigation measures over regional and local air quality levels. To achieve these goals, we have prepared a sophisticated AQM, coupling the meteorological model WRF, the emission model AEMM, and the photochemical model CMAQ. AQM was evaluated using the whole modelling year 2010 working with high horizontal resolution, 3 km for the region of Madrid and 1km for urban metropolitan area of Madrid. Two different analyses have been realized: a source apportionment exercise following a zero-out methodology to obtain the contribution to the air quality levels of the different emission sector;and an evaluation of the main mitigation measures considered in the air quality plan using sensitivity analysis. The air quality plan was focused on the improvement of NO2 levels and AQM analyzed the effect of the mitigation measures during ten episodes of 2011 where NO2 or O3 levels were the highest of the year;so we analyzed the effect of the mitigation plan in worst conditions. Results provided by the AQM system show that it accomplishes the European Directive modelling uncertainty requirements and the mean absolute gross error for 1-h maximum daily NO2 is 31% over locations with higher levels of this atmospheric pollutant;the road traffic is the main contributor to the air quality levels providing a 81% for NO2, 67% for CO and 46% for PM10;measures defined in the plan achieve to reduce up to 11 μgm-3 NO2 levels offering highest reductions over urban areas with traffic influence.

关键词： Environmental Assessment Air Quality Modelling CMAQ Emissions Madrid Air Quality Plan Mitigation Measures

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Defining a Standard Methodology to Obtain Optimum WRF Configuration for Operational Forecast: Application over the Port of Huelva (Southern Spain)

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第2期6卷 329-350页

作者： Raúl Arasa Ignasi Porras anna domingo-dalmau Miquel Picanyol Bernat Codina Mª Ángeles González Jésica Piñón Technical Department Meteosim S.L. Barcelona Spain Department of Astronomy and Meteorology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

In this contribution, we calibrate the meteorological model weather and research forecasting (WRF) for operational forecasting in the Port of Huelva managed by the Authority Port of Huelva. Meteorological forecasting will allow reducing the impact of the meteorological phenomena over weather sensitive activities in the region. Concretely, the meteorological modeling developed will be used to analyze meteorological hazard impacts and to improve the management of the local air quality. To achieve these goals, numerous sensitive analyses corresponding to different model options have been developed. These analyses consider different physical and dynamical options, the coupling of very high resolution physiographic database (topography and land uses), and data assimilation. Comparing experiments, results with observational measures provide us by the Spanish National Meteorology Agency (AEMET). During a representative period, the optimum WRF configuration for the region is obtained. Calibration has been focused on wind due to this is the main risk factor in the region. When the model is satisfactorily calibrated, WRF is evaluated using whole modeling years 2012 and 2013, working with very high horizontal resolution, up to 0.333 km of horizontal grid resolution. Results obtained from the evaluation indicate that the numerical weather prediction system developed has a confidence level of 70% for the temperature, 81% and 66% for the wind speed and wind direction respectively, and 90% for the relative humidity. Methodology designed defines the quality control assurance of high-accuracy forecasting services of Meteosim S.L.

关键词： WRF Sensitive Analysis Meteorological Modelling Physical Options LES High Resolution

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Assessment of Climate Change in Nicaragua: Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature by Dynamical Downscaling over a 30-Year Horizon

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2016年第3期6卷 445-474页

作者： Josep Maria Solé Raúl Arasa Miquel Picanyol Mª Ángeles González anna domingo-dalmau Marta Masdeu Ignasi Porras Bernat Codina Technical Department Meteosim S.L. Barcelona Spain Department of Astronomy and Meteorology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain

The present study has generated and analyzed Climate Change projections in Nicaragua for the period 2010-2040. The obtained results are to be used for evaluating and planning more resilient transport infrastructures in the next decades. This study has focused its efforts to pay attention into the effect of Climate Change on precipitation and temperature from a mean and extreme event perspective. Dynamical Downscaling approach on a 4 km resolution grid has been chosen as the most appropriate methodology for the estimation of the projected climate, being able to account for local-scale factors like complex topography or local land uses properly. We selected MPI-ESM-MR as the global climate model with the best skill scores in terms of precipitation and temperature in Nicaragua. MPI-ESM-MR was coupled to a mesoscale model. We chose WRF mesoescale model as the most appropriate regional model and we optimized their physical and dynamical options in order to minimize the model uncertainty in Nicaragua. For this, model output against the available in-situ measurements from the national meteorological station network and satellite data were compared. Climate change signal was estimated by comparing the different climate statistics calculated from a model run over an historical period, 1980-2009, with a model run over a projected period, 2010-2040. The obtained results from the projected climate show an increase of the mean temperature between 0.6°C and 0.8°C and an increase of the number of days per year with maximum daily temperatures higher than 35°C. Regarding precipitation, annual projected amounts do not change remarkably with respect to the historical period. However, significant changes in the distribution of the precipitation within the wet period (May-October) were observed. Moreover, an increment between 5% and 10% of the number of days without precipitation is expected. Finally, Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) projected curves show an increment of the rainfall

关键词： WRF Climate Change Global Warming Dynamical Downscaling Precipitation Projections IDF

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Field-effect passivation on silicon nanowire solar cells

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Nano Research 2015年第2期8卷 673-681页

作者： anna dalmau Mallorqui Esther Alarcon-Llado Ignasi Canales Mundet Amirreza Kiani Benedicte Demaurex Stefaan De Wolf Andreas Menzel Margrit Zacharias anna Fontcuberta i Morra Laboratoire des Materiaux Semiconducteurs Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland Photovoltaics and Thin Film Electronics Laboratory Institute o fMicroengineering (IMT) E-cole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne 2000 Neuchotel Switzerland Nanotechnology Institute of Microsystems Engineering(IMTEK) Albert-Ludwigs-University 79110 Freiburg Germany

Surface recombination represents a handicap for high-efficiency solar cells. This is especially important for nanowire array solar cells, where the surface-to-volume ratio is greatly enhanced. Here, the effect of different passivation materials on the effective recombination and on the device performance is experimentally analyzed. Our solar cells are large area top-down axial n-p junction silicon nanowires fabricated by means of Near-Field Phase-Shift Lithography （NF-PSL）. We report an efficiency of 9.9% for the best cell, passivated with a SiO2/SiNx stack. The impact of the presence of a surface fixed charge density at the silicon/oxide interface is studied.

关键词： field-effect passivation nanowire surface recombination solar cell

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Essential oils as solvents and core materials for the preparation of photo-responsive polymer nanocapsules

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2783-2795页

作者： Valentina Marturano Valentina Bizzarro Adriana De Luise anna Calarco Veronica Ambrogi Marta Giamberini Bartosz Tylkowski Pierfrancesco Cerruti Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples "Federico Ⅱ" Via Cynthia 4 Napoli 80125 Italy Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR) Via Campi Flegrei 34 Pozzuoli (NA) 80078 Italy Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF-CNR) Via Pietro Castellino 111 Napoli 80131 Italy Department of Chemical Materials and Production Engineering (DICMAPI) University of Naples "Federico Ⅱ" P. le Tecchio 80 Napoli 80125 Italy Department of Chemical Engineering (DEQ) Universitat Rovira i Virgili Av. Pa'fsos Catalans 26 Tarragona 43007 Spain Chemistry Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTQC) C/Marcel-Ⅱ Domingo Tarragona 43007 Spain

Light-triggered release of active ingredients from polymeric nanosized capsules can be employed in a wide range of applications, such as biomedicine, active packaging, and cosmetics. However, the preparation of core-shell polymeric nanocarriers typically involves the use of toxic organic solvents. To improve the sustainability and safety of nanocapsule applications, we demonstrate that natural essential oils can be used both as solvent and active material in light-responsive nanocapsules synthesized via miniemulsion polycondensation. The documented antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity of essential oils enables the design of multipurpose light-responsive delivery platforms. The photo-responsive behavior of the capsules, achieved by means of photochromic azobenzene segments embedded in the capsule shell, is triggered by UV light irradiation （λmax= 360 nm）. Light-induced release kinetics of the essential oils and a fluorescent probe molecule, coumarin-6, is evaluated via UV-vis spectroscopy and spectrofluorimetry, respectively, demonstrating the efficiency and reliability of the release mechanism. Biological tests prove that the capsules are non-cytotoxic and readily internalized by cells, indicating the suitability of these smart nanocarriers for biological applications.

关键词： light-responsive polymer nanocapsules essential oils azobenzene controlled release cytotoxicity

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