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One in five hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the United States are Hispanic while less than 40% were eligible for liver transplantation

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World journal of Hepatology 2018年第12期10卷 956-965页

作者： ann Robinson Ajay Ohri Benny Liu Taft Bhuket Robert j Wong Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Alameda Health SystemHighland Hospital

AIM To evaluate trends and disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) outcomes among Hispanic patients in the United States with a focus on tumor stage at *** We retrospectively evaluated all Hispanic adults(age > 20) with HCC diagnosed from 2004 to 2014 using United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results(SEER) cancer registry data. Tumor stage was assessed by SEER-specific staging systems and whether HCC was within Milan criteria at *** logistic regression models evaluated for predictors of HCC within Milan criteria at *** Overall, Hispanics accounted for 19.8% of all HCC(73.3% men, 60.9% had Medicare or commercial insurance, 33.5% Medicaid, and 5.6% uninsured). Thirtyeight percent of Hispanic HCC patients were within Milan criteria at *** latter time periods, significantly more patients were diagnosed with HCC within Milan criteria, and in 2013-2014, 42.6% had HCC within Milan criteria. On multivariate regression, Hispanic males(OR vs females: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.68-0.83, P 65 years(OR vs age < 50: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.58-0.79, P < 0.001),and uninsured patients(OR vs Medicare/commercial: 0.49, 95%CI: 0.40-0.59, P <0.001) were significantly less likely to have HCC within Milan criteria at *** While one in five HCC patients in the United States are of Hispanic ethnicity,only 38% were within Milan criteria at time of diagnosis, and thus over 60% wereineligible for liver transplantation, one of the primary curative options for HCC patients. Improved efforts at HCC screening and surveillance are needed among this group to improve early detection.

关键词： Liver cancer Surveillance Epidemiology End results Milan criteria Hepatocellular carcinoma

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The integration of geophysical and enhanced Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data into a rule-based, piecewise regression-tree model to estimate cheatgrass beginning of spring growth

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International journal of Digital Earth 2015年第2期8卷 118-132页

作者： Stephen P.Boyte Bruce K.Wylie Donald j.Major jesslyn F.brown Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies Inc.Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science(EROS)CenterSioux FallsSDUSA USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science(EROS)Center Sioux FallsSDUSA U.S.Bureau of Land Management-Great Basin Restoration Initiative BoiseIDUSA

Cheatgrass exhibits spatial and temporal phenological variability across the Great Basin as described by ecological models formed using remote sensing and other spatial *** developed a rule-based,piecewise regression-tree model trained on 99 points that used three data-setslatitude,elevation,and start of season time based on remote sensing input datato estimate cheatgrass beginning of spring growth(BOSG)in the northern Great *** model was then applied to map the location and timing of cheatgrass spring growth for the entire *** model was strong(R^(2)=0.85)and predicted an average cheatgrass BOSG across the study area of 29 March–4 *** early cheatgrass BOSG areas,65% occurred at elevations below 1452 *** highest proportion of cheatgrass BOSG occurred between mid-April and late *** cheatgrass BOSG in this study matched well with previous Great Basin cheatgrass green-up studies.

关键词： remote sensing invasive species ecological model Great Basin phenology

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Near-UV electroluminescence in unipolar-doped, bipolar-tunneling GaN/AlN heterostructures

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 168-174页

作者： Tyler A Growden Weidong Zhang Elliott R brown David F Storm David j Meyer Paul R Berger Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhio 43210USA Departments of Physics and Electrical Engineering Wright State UniversityDaytonOhio 45435USA US Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC 20375USA

Cross-gap light emission is reported in n-type unipolar GaN/AlN double-barrier heterostructure diodes at room *** different designs were grown on semi-insulating bulk GaN substrates using molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).All samples displayed a single electroluminescent spectral peak at 360 nm with full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)values no greater than 16 nm and an external quantum efficiency(EQE)of≈0.0074%at 18.8 *** contrast to traditional GaN light emitters,p-type doping and p-contacts are completely avoided,and instead,holes are created in the GaN on the emitter side of the tunneling structure by direct interband(that is,Zener)tunneling from the valence band to the conduction band on the collector *** Zener tunneling is enhanced by the high electric fields(~5×106 V cm^(−1))created by the notably large polarization-induced sheet charge at the interfaces between the AlN and GaN.

关键词： AlN GaN heterostructure Near-UV light emission unipolar Zener tunneling

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“If we are waiting for the numbers alone,we will miss the point”:a qualitative study of the perceived rise of food allergy and associated risk factors in the Greater Accra Region,Ghana

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Global Health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 159-170页

作者： George A.Atiim Susan j.Elliott ann E.Clarke Department of Geography and Environmental Management Faculty of EnvironmentUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Department of Medicine Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada

Background:Globally,food allergy[FA]is considered a growing health *** much of what is known comes from developed countries,there is growing interest in the epidemiology of FA in developing regions such as sub-Saharan ***,researchers are beginning to document the incidence and prevalence of FA and *** results outlined in this paper stem from an exploratory qualitative study examining the emergence of the health risk of FA in Ghana,a country undergoing epidemiologic ***:Between june and August,2015,we conducted thirty-seven(37)semi-structured in-depth *** comprised seventeen(17)healthcare workers across 12 public and private hospitals and twenty(20)individuals with FA and families with allergic *** interviews were recorded and transcribed *** were analyzed to develop thematic areas that characterize perceptions and experiences around ***:Three key broad themes arise from this ***,FA is an emerging health risk,whose incidence is perceived to be ***,participants expressed mixed perceptions about the public health burden of ***,participants identified individual and societal factors that may be influencing FA risks and ***:Our research suggests FA is a growing but unrecognized public health *** is the need for health policies and researchers to consider the full extent of ongoing epidemiologic changes for the health of populations in developing regions.

关键词： Food allergy Chronic illness Epidemiologic transition Qualitative Ghana

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A Study of Electric Vehicle Suspension Control System Based on an Improved Half-vehicle Model

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International journal of Automation and computing 2007年第3期4卷 236-242页

作者： jiang-Tao Cao Hong-Hai Liu Ping Li David j.brown Georgi Dimirovski Institute of Industrial Research University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO1 3QLUK School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi＇an 710072PRC School of Information Control Engineering Liaoning Shihua UniversityFushun 113001PRC Department of Computer Engineering Dogus University of IstanbulIstanbul TR-34722Turkey

An improved half-vehicle model has been proposed for active suspension control systems, in contrast to existing models, it allows to explore the nature of the effect of vehicle speed changes by introducing a state vector of vehicle pitch angle. Three control strategies of linear quadratic control （LQ）, improved LQ （ILQ） and wheelbase preview LQ （WLQ） have been implemented into the proposed model. ILQ has integrated an additional control parameter into LQ by concerning the correlation between acceleration values and their corresponding pitch angles. Simulation results have showed the effectiveness of the proposed model in terms of LQ, ILQ and WLQ control strategies.

关键词： Half-vehicle models active suspension attitude control strategies.

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Biomechanics of ankle giving way:A case report of accidental ankle giving way during the drop landing test

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第5期8卷 494-502页

作者： Yumeng Li jupil Ko Shuqi Zhang Cathleen N.brown Kathy j.Simpson Department of Kinesiology California State UniversityChicoCA 95928USA Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training Northern Arizona UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Department of Athletic Training and Kinesiology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Kinesiology University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

Background:Several case studies observed that the lateral ankle sprain resulted from a sudden increase in ankle inversion accompanied by internal ***,without sufficient ankle kinetics and muscle activity information in the literature,the detailed mechanism of ankle sprain is still *** purpose of our case report is to present 2 accidental ankle giving way incidents for participants with chronic ankle instability(CAI)and compare to their normal trials with data of kinematics,kinetics,and electromyography(EMG).Case description:Two young female participants accidentally experienced the ankle giving way when landing on a 25°lateral-tilted force plate.3 D kinematics,kinetics,and muscle activity were recorded for the lower *** comparisons were made between the giving way trials and normal trials for joint angles,angular velocities,moments,centers of pressure and EMG linear ***:One participant’s giving way trial displayed increased ankle inversion and internal rotation angles in the pre-landing phase and at initial contact compared to her normal *** participant’s giving way trial exhibited greater hip abduction angles and delayed activation of the peroneus longus muscle in the pre-landing phase versus her normal ***:A vulnerable ankle position(i.e.,more inverted and internally rotated),and a late activation of peroneus activity in the pre-landing phase could result in the ankle giving way or even sprains.A neutral ankle position and early activation of ankle evertors before landing may be helpful in preventing ankle sprains.

关键词： Chronic ankle instability EMG Kinematics Kinetics Lateral anlde sprain

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The Pleiomorphic Plant MTOC:An Evolutionary Perspective

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第8期49卷 1142-1153页

作者： RoyC.brown BettyE.Lemmon Department of Biology University of Louisiana-LafayetteLafayetteLA 70504USA

γ-Tubulin is an essential component of the microtubule organizing center （MTOC） responsible for nucleating microtubules in both plants and animals. Whereas γ-tubulin is tightly associated with centrosomes that are inheritable organelles in cells of animals and most algae, it appears at different times and places to organize the myriad specialized microtubule systems that characterize plant cells. We have traced the distribution of γ-tubulin through the cell cycle in representative land plants （embryophytes） and herein present data that have led to a concept of the pleiomorphic and migratory MTOC. The many forms of the plant MTOC at spindle organization constitute pleiomorphism, and stage-specific “migration” is suggested by the consistent pattern of redistribution of γ-tubulin during mitosis. Mitotic spindles may be organized at centriolar centrosomes （only in final divisions of spermatogenesis）, polar organizers （POs）, plastid MTOCs, or nuclear envelope MTOCs （NE-MTOCs）. In all cases, with the possible exception of centrosomes in spermatogenesis, the γ-tubulin migrates to broad polar regions and along the spindle fibers, even when it is initially a discrete polar entity. At anaphase it moves poleward, and subsequently migrates from polar regions （distal nuclear surfaces） into the interzone （proximal nuclear surfaces） where interzonal microtubule arrays and phragmoplasts are organized. Following cytokinesis, γ-tubulin becomes associated with nuclear envelopes and organizes radial microtubule systems （RMSs）. These may exist only briefly, before establishment of hoop-like cortical arrays in vegetative tissues, or they may be characteristic of interphase in syncytial systems where they serve to organize the common cytoplasm into nuclear cytoplasmic domains （NCDs）.

关键词： angiosperms bryophytes cell cycle life cycle microtubule mitosis γ-tubulin.

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Drug targets beyond HMG-CoA reductase:Why venture beyond the statins?

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Frontiers in Biology 2011年第3期6卷 197-205页

作者： Ingrid C.GELISSEN Andrew j.brown Faculty of Pharmacy The University of SydneySydney NSW 2006Australia BABS School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia

In this review,we aim to convey a brief,select history of the development of cholesterol-lowering *** focus particularly on the highly successful statins as well as setbacks that should serve as cautionary *** go on to preview recent developments that may complement,if not one day replace,the *** focus is on pharmacological interventions,particularly those targeting the cholesterol biosynthetic ***,we examine therapies under current investigation that target the assembly of atherogenic lipoproteins(via apolipoprotein B or microsomal triglyceride transfer protein),the stability of the low-density lipoprotein-receptor(via PCSK9,proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9),or are designed to increase high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(via inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein).

关键词： statins cholesterol-lowering drugs side-effects adverse reactions cholesterol synthesis

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Understanding gaseous reduction in swine manure resulting from nanoparticle treatments under anaerobic storage conditions

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 179-191页

作者： Niloy Chandra Sarker Md Borhan ann-Marie Fortuna Shafiqur Rahman Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department North Dakota State University USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory

Manure is an impending source of carbon(C), sulfur(S) and water(H_2 O). Consequently,microbial populations utilize these constituents to produce methane(CH4), carbon dioxide(CO_2), greenhouse gases(GHGs), and hydrogen sulfide(H_2 S). Application of nanoparticles(NPs) to stored manure is an emerging GHG mitigation technique. In this study, two NPs: nano zinc oxide(nZnO) and nano silver(nAg) were tested in swine manure stored under anaerobic conditions to determine their effectiveness in mitigating gaseous emissions and total gas production. The biological sources of gas production, i.e., microbial populations were characterized via Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction(qPCR) analysis. Additionally, pH, redox, and VFAs were determined using standard methods. Each treatment of the experiment was replicated three times and NPs were applied at a dose of 3 g/L of manure. Also, headspace gas from all treatment replicates were analyzed for CH_4 and CO_2 gas concentrations using an SRI-8610 Gas Chromatograph and H_2 S concentrations were measured using a jerome 631 X meter. Nanoparticles tested in this study reduced the cumulative gas volume by 16%–79% compared to the control. Among the NPs tested, only nZnO consistently reduced GHG concentrations by 37%–97%. Reductions in H_2 S concentrations ranged from 87% to97%. Gaseous reductions were likely due to decreases in the activity and numbers of specific gas producing methanogenic archaea and sulfate reducing bacterial(SRB)species.

关键词： Swine manure Nanoparticles Greenhouse gas Methanogen Sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB)

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Spatial context in the calculation of gas emissions for underground coal mines

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第5期27卷 787-794页

作者： Patrick Booth Heidi brown jan Nemcik Ren Ting School of Civil Mining and Environmental EngineeringSchool of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongong 2500Australia

The prediction of gas emissions arising from underground coal mining has been the subject of extensive research for several decades, however calculation techniques remain empirically based and are hence limited to the origin of calculation in both application and resolution. Quantification and management of risk associated with sudden gas release during mining(outbursts) and accumulation of noxious or combustible gases within the mining environment is reliant on such predictions, and unexplained variation correctly requires conservative management practices in response to risk. Over 2500 gas core samples from two southern Sydney basin mines producing metallurgical coal from the Bulli seam have been analysed in various geospatial context including relationships to hydrological features and geological structures. The results suggest variability and limitations associated with the present traditional approaches to gas emission prediction and design of gas management practices may be addressed using predictions derived from improved spatial datasets, and analysis techniques incorporating fundamental physical and energy related principles.

关键词： Gas emission prediction Spatial analysis Underground coal mining Risk management Greenhouse gas Climate

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