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Small heat shock protein B8:from cell functions to its involvement in diseases and potential therapeutic applications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2872-2886页

作者： Marta Chierichetti Riccardo Cristofani Valeria Crippa Veronica Ferrari Marta Cozzi Elena Casarotto Paola Pramaggiore Laura Cornaggia Guglielmo Patelli Ali Mohamed Margherita Piccolella Mariarita Galbiati Paola Rusmini Barbara Tedesco angelo Poletti Laboratory of Experimental Biology Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari“Rodolfo Paoletti”(DiSFeB)Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly

Heat shock protein family B(small)member 8(HSPB8)is a 22 kDa ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the family of small heat shock ***8 is involved in various cellular mechanisms mainly related to proteotoxic stress response and in other processes such as inflammation,cell division,and ***8 binds misfolded clients to prevent their aggregation by assisting protein refolding or degradation through chaperone-assisted selective *** line with this function,the pro-degradative activity of HSPB8 has been found protective in several neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases characterized by protein misfolding and *** cancer,HSPB8 has a dual role being capable of exerting either a pro-or an anti-tumoral activity depending on the pathways and factors expressed by the model of cancer under ***,HSPB8 exerts a protective function in different diseases by modulating the inflammatory response,which characterizes not only neurodegenerative diseases,but also other chronic or acute conditions affecting the nervous system,such as multiple sclerosis and intracerebellar *** note,HSPB8 modulation may represent a therapeutic approach in other neurological conditions that develop as a secondary consequence of other *** is the case of cognitive impairment related to diabetes mellitus,in which HSPB8 exerts a protective activity by assuring mitochondrial *** review aims to summarize the diverse and multiple functions of HSPB8 in different pathological conditions,focusing on the beneficial effects of its ***-based and alternative therapeutic approaches targeting HSPB8 and its regulated pathways will be discussed,emphasizing how new strategies for cell and tissue-specific delivery represent an avenue to advance in disease treatments.

关键词： aggregation autophagy cancer chaperone chaperone-assisted selective autophagy cognitive impairment HSPB8 neuroinflammation neuromuscular diseases therapy

Scaling Properties of Field-Induced Superdiffusion in Continuous Time Random Walks

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2014年第10期61卷 514-520页

作者： R.Burioni G.Gradenigo A.Sarracino A.Vezzani A.vulpiani Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienza della Terra Università degli Studi di Parma and INFNGruppo Collegato di Parmaviale G.P.Usberti 7/A43126 ParmaItaly Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics Institut de Physique Théorique CEA SaclayF-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CedexFrance Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modèles Statistiques CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 1191405 Orsay CedexFrance ISC-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica Università Sapienzap.le A.Moro 200185 RomaItaly Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée CNRSUniversité Paris 64 Place Jussieu75255 Paris CedexFrance Centro S3 CNR-NanoscienzeVia Campi 213A41125 ModenaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica Università Sapienza and ISC-CNRp.le A.Moro 200185 RomaItaly

We consider a broad class of Continuous Time Random Walks(CTRW) with large fluctuations effects in space and time distributions: a random walk with trapping, describing subdiffusion in disordered and glassy materials,and a L′evy walk process, often used to model superdiffusive effects in inhomogeneous materials. We derive the scaling form of the probability distributions and the asymptotic properties of all its moments in the presence of a field by two powerful techniques, based on matching conditions and on the estimate of the contribution of rare events to power-law tails in a field.

关键词： anomalous diffusion CTRW L′evy walks

From the elasticity theory to cosmology and vice versa

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2014年第4期57卷 597-603页

作者： LEVRINO Luca TARTAGLIA angelo Politecnico di Torino Department of Applied Science and Technology Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129 Torino Italy

The paper shows how a generalization of the elasticity theory to four dimensions and to space-time allows for a consistent description of the homogeneous and isotropic universe,including the accelerated *** analogy is manifested by the inclusion in the traditional Lagrangian of general relativity of an additional term accounting for the strain induced in the manifold(*** space-time)by the curvature,be it induced by the presence of a texture defect or by a matter/energy *** additional term is su?cient to account for various observed features of the universe and to give a simple interpretation for the so called dark ***,we show how the same approach can be adopted back in three dimensions to obtain the equilibrium configuration of a given solid subject to strain induced by defects or applied ***,it is shown how concepts coming from the familiar elasticity theory can inspire new approaches to cosmology and in return how methods appropriated to General Relativity can be applied back to classical problems of elastic deformations in three dimensions.

关键词： deformable solids cosmology elastic strain Lagrangian density and tensors

Transformational change in the field of diffuse optics:From going bananas to going nuts

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2020年第1期3卷 1-18页

作者： Sergio Fantini Giles Blaney angelo Sassaroli Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby Street MedfordMA 02155USA

The concept of region of sensitivity is central to the field of diffuse optics and is closely related to the Jacobian matrix used to solve the inverse problem in *** is well known that,in diffuse reflectance,the region of sensitivity associated with a given source-detector pair is shaped as a banana,and features maximal sensitivity to the portions of the sample that are closest to the source and the *** have recently introduced a dual-slope(DS)method based on a special arrangement of two sources and two detectors,which results in deeper and more localized regions of sensitivity,resembling the shapes of different kinds of ***,we report the regions of sensitivity associated with a variety of source-detector arrangements for DS measurements of intensity and phase with frequency-domain spectroscopy(modulation frequency:140 MHz)in a medium with absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of 0.1 and 12 cm^(-1),*** main result is that the depth of maximum sensitivity,considering only cases that use source-detector separations of 25 and 35 mm,progressively increases as we consider single-distance intensity(2.0mm),DS intensity(4.6mm),single-distance phase(7.5mm),and DS phase(10.9 mm).These results indicate the importance of DS measurements,and even more so of phase measurements,when it is desirable to selectively probe deeper portions of a sample with diffuse *** is certainly the case in non-invasive optical studies of brain,muscle,and breast tissue,which are located underneath the superficial tissue at variable depths.

关键词： Near-infrared spectroscopy tissue optics diffuse optical tomography frequency domain dual slopes

Comparison between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第1期13卷 151-162页

作者： angelo Di Egidio Daniele Zulli Alessandro Contento Department of Civil Engineering Architecture and Environment(DICEAA)University of L'Aquila

A three-dimensional rigid body on the shape of a parallelepiped is modelled in order to rock on a side or a vertex of the base,in order to evaluate the seismic response of rigid blocks lying on a horizontal *** center of mass of the body is considered as eccentric with respect to its geometric *** seismic input,three Italian recorded accelerograms,with different spectral content,are *** study is mainly conducted to highlight the differences between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks,with the aim to understand if,in some cases,the use of the 3D model of rigid block is required to obtain safer *** fact,the outcomes show that in some ranges of the geometrical and mechanical parameters that characterize the excitation and the body,a two-dimensional model,which is not able to consider the 3D rocking on a vertex,can provide unsafe *** particular,it is found that the overturning process of the three-dimensional block can occur under excitations which are lower than those which overturn a corresponding two-dimensional block.

关键词： seismic excitation 3D rigid block rectangular base rocking overturning

Geology of Mars after the first 40 years of exploration

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2010年第7期10卷 621-652页

作者： angelo Pio Rossi Stephan van Gasselt International Space Science Institute CH-3012 Hallerstrasse 6 Bern Switzerland Jacobs University Bremen Department of Earth and Space Sciences Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing Institute of Geological Sciences Free University of Berlin Malteserstr. 74-100 12249 Berlin Germany

The knowledge of Martian geology has increased enormously in the last 40 yr. Several missions orbiting or roving Mars have revolutionized our understanding of its evolution and geological features, which in several ways are similar to Earth, but are extremely different in many respects. The impressive dichotomy between the two Martian hemispheres is most likely linked to its impact cratering history, rather than internal dynamics such as on Earth. Mars＇ volcanism has been extensive, very longlived and rather constant in its setting. Water was available in large quantities in the distant past of Mars, when a magnetic field and more vigorous tectonics were active. Exogenic forces have been shaping Martian landscapes and have led to a plethora of landscapes shaped by wind, water and ice. Mars＇ dynamical behavior continues, with its climatic variation affecting climate and geology until very recent times. This paper tries to summarize major highlights in Mars＇ Geology, and points to deeper and more extensive sources of important scientific contributions and future exploration.

关键词： planets and satellites Mars -- Geology -- surface processes -- interior processes

The meaning of “coherent” and its quantication in coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2018年第6期11卷 55-77页

作者： angelo Sassaroli Kristen Tgavalekos Sergio Fantini Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University MedfordMA 02155USA

We have recently introduced a new technique,coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy(CHS),which aims at characterizing a specic kind of tissue hemodynamics that feature a high level of covariation with a given physiological *** this study,we carry out a detailed analysis of the signicance of coherence and phase synchronization between oscillations of arterial blood pressure(ABP)and total hemoglobin concentration([Hbt]),measured with near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)during a typical protocol for CHS,based on a cyclic thigh cuffocclusion and *** though CHS is based on a linear time invariant model between ABP(input)and NIRS measurands(outputs),for practical reasons in a typical CHS protocol,we inducenite“groups”of ABP oscillations,in which each group is characterized by a different *** this reason,ABP(input)and NIRS measurands(output)are not stationary processes,and we have used wavelet coherence and phase synchronization index(PSI),as a metric of coherence and phase synchronization,*** was calculated by using both the wavelet cross spectrum and the Hilbert *** have also used linear coherence(which requires stationary process)for comparison with wavelet *** of surrogate data is used tond critical values for the signicance of covariation between ABP and[Hbt].Because we have found similar critical values for wavelet coherence and PSI by usingve of the most used methods of surrogate data,we propose to use the data-independent Gaussian random numbers(GRNs),for *** using wavelet coherence and wavelet cross spectrum,and GRNs as surrogate data,we have found the same results for the signicance of coherence and phase synchronization between ABP and[Hbt]:on a total set of 20 periods of cuffoscillations,we have found 17 coherent oscillations and 17 phase synchronous *** synchronization assessed with Hilbert transform yielded similar results with 14 phase synchronous *** coherence and wave

关键词： Wavelet coherence phase synchronization near-infrared spectroscopy surrogate data

Study of capillary transit time distribution in coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2015年第2期8卷 78-86页

作者： angelo Sassaroli Jana Kainerstorfer Sergio Fantini Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby StreetMedfordMA 02155USA

A recently proposed analytical hemodynamie modell[***,Neurolmage 85,202-221(2014)]is able to predict the changes of oxy,deoxy,and total hemoglobin concentrations(model outputs)given arbitrary changes in blood flow,blood volume,and rate of oygen consumption(model inputs).One asumption of this model is that the capillary compartment is characterized by a single blood transit *** this work,we have extended the original model by considering a distribution of capillary transit times and we have compared the outputs of both models(original and extended)for the case of sinusoidal input signals at different frequencies,which realizes the new technique of coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy(CHS).For the calculations with the original model,we have used the mean value of the distribution of capillary transit times con-sidered in the extended *** have found that,for distributions of capillary transit times having mean values around 1 s and a standard deviation less than about 45%of the mean value,the original and extended models yield the same CHS spectra(i.e.,model outputs versus fre-quency of ocillation)within typical experimental *** wider capillary transit time dis-tributions,the two models yield different CHS *** assuming that Poiseuille's law is valid in the capillary compartment,we have related the distribution of capillary transit times to the distributions of capillary lengths and capillary speed of blood flow to calculate the average capillary and venous *** have found that,for standard deviations of the capillanry transit time distrilbution that are less than about 80%of the mean value,the average capillary saturation is always larger than the venous *** contrast,the average capillary satu-ration may be less than the venous saturation for wider distributions of the capillary transit times.

关键词： Coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy hermodynamie model near-infrared spectros-copy capillary transit time hemoglobin saturation

Neurotrophic factor-based pharmacological approaches in neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1220-1228页

作者： Margherita Alfonsetti Michele d’angelo Vanessa Castelli Department of Life Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L’AquilaL’AquilaItaly

Aging is a physiological event dependent on multiple pathways that are linked to lifespan and processes leading to cognitive *** process represents the major risk factor for aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and ischemic *** incidence of all these pathologies increases exponentially with *** on aging biology has currently focused on elucidating molecular mechanisms leading to the development of those *** deficit and neurodegeneration,common features of aging-related pathologies,are related to the alteration of the activity and levels of neurotrophic factors,such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor,nerve growth factor,and glial cell-derived neurotrophic *** this reason,treatments that modulate neurotrophin levels have acquired a great deal of interest in preventing neurodegeneration and promoting neural regeneration in several neurological *** treatments include both the direct administration of neurotrophic factors and the induced expression with viral vectors,neurotrophins’binding with biomaterials or other molecules to increase their bioavailability but also cell-based *** neurotrophins’crucial role in aging pathologies,here we discuss the involvement of several neurotrophic factors in the most common brain aging-related diseases and the most recent therapeutic approaches that provide direct and sustained neurotrophic support.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease brain brain-derived neurotrophic factor glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor neurotrophins neurturin Parkinson’s disease stroke tropomyosin receptor kinase receptors