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modeling and measuring glucose diffusion and consumption by colorectal cancer spheroids in hanging drops using integrated biosensors

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 193-210页

作者： Nassim Rousset Rubén López Sandoval mario matteo modena andreas Hierlemann Patrick m.misun ETH Zürich Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringBio Engineering LaboratoryMattenstrasse 26CH-4058 BaselSwitzerland

As 3D in vitro tissue models become more pervasive,their built-in nutrient,metabolite,compound,and waste gradients increase biological relevance at the cost of analysis *** these gradients and the resulting metabolic heterogeneity requires invasive and time-consuming *** alternative is using electrochemical biosensors and measuring concentrations around the tissue model to obtain size-dependent metabolism *** our hanging-dropintegrated enzymatic glucose biosensors,we conducted current measurements within hanging-drop compartments hosting spheroids formed from the human colorectal carcinoma cell line *** developed a physics-based mathematical model of analyte consumption and transport,considering(1)diffusion and enzymatic conversion of glucose to form hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by the glucose-oxidase-based hydrogel functionalization of our biosensors at the microscale;(2)H_(2)O_(2)oxidation at the electrode surface,leading to amperometric H_(2)O_(2)readout;(3)glucose diffusion and glucose consumption by cancer cells in a spherical tissue model at the microscale;(4)glucose and H_(2)O_(2)transport in our hangingdrop compartments at the macroscale;and(5)solvent evaporation,leading to glucose and H_(2)O_(2)*** model relates the measured currents to the glucose concentrations generating the *** low limit of detection of our biosensors(0.4±0.1μm),combined with our current-fitting method,enabled us to reveal glucose dynamics within our *** measuring glucose dynamics in hanging-drop compartments populated by cancer spheroids of various sizes,we could infer glucose distributions within the spheroid,which will help translate in vitro 3D tissue model results to in vivo.

关键词： diffusion hanging simplicity

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Tribology of self-lubricating high performance ATSP,PI,and PEEK-based polymer composites up to 300℃

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Friction 2023年第1期11卷 141-153页

作者： Kian BASHANDEH Pixiang LAN andreas A.POLYCARPOU Department of mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843USA ATSP Innovations Inc.Texas 77055USA

High-performance polymers(HPPs)are increasingly used in different industrial machinery components,particularly for rubbing parts that demand reliable and durable operation at extreme sliding conditions such as elevated temperature environments,where the use of conventional lubricants is not *** current study investigates the role of environmental temperature on the tribological properties of three advanced HPPs,namely aromatic thermosetting copolyester(ATSP),polyimide(PI),and polyether ether ketone(PEEK)based polymer *** experiments were carried out at different environmental temperatures from room temperature up to 300℃,and under dry sliding *** attention was given to the role of temperature on the development of transfer films and its subsequent effect on the tribological *** ATSP composite was recommended as the best performing material,based on the overall tribological performance at all examined operating temperatures.

关键词： aromatic thermosetting copolyester(ATSP) polyimide(PI) polyether ether ketone(PEEK) high temperature tribology transfer film

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Configuration-dependent stretchable all-solid-state supercapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors

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Carbon Energy 2023年第5期5卷 1-47页

作者： Ahmad Amiri Ashley Bruno andreas A.Polycarpou J.mike Walker’66 mechanical Engineering Department Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA

Given the rise in the popularity of wearable electronics that are able to deform into desirable configurations while maintaining electrochemical functionality,stretchable and flexible(hybrid)supercapacitors(SCs)have become increasingly of interest as innovative energy storage *** outstanding power density,long lifetime with low capacitance loss,and appropriate energy density,in particular in hybrid cases make them ideal candidates for flexible *** aim of this review paper is to provide an in-depth discussion of these stretchable and flexible SCs ranging from fabrication to electro-mechanical *** review paper begins with a short overview of the fundamentals of charge storage mechanisms and different types of multivalent metal-ion hybrid *** research methods leading up to the current state of these stretchable and flexible SCs are then *** is followed by an in-depth presentation of the challenges associated with the fabrication methods for different *** novel strategies to maximize the elastic and electrochemical properties of stretchable/flexible or quasi-solid-state SCs are classified and the pros and cons associated with each are *** advances in mechanical properties and the expected advancements for the future of these SCs are discussed in the last section.

关键词： 1D fiber-like SCs 2D planar supercapacitors 3D sponge and textile structures flexible/stretchable supercapacitors kirigami/origami-inspired structures

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Impedance Imaging of Cells and Tissues:Design and Applications

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2022年第1期3卷 219-239页

作者： Raziyeh Bounik Fernando Cardes Hasan Ulusan mario m.modena andreas Hierlemann ETH Zürich Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringBaselSwitzerland

Due to their label-free and noninvasive nature,impedance measurements have attracted increasing interest in biological *** in microfabrication and integrated-circuit technology have opened a route to using large-scale microelectrode arrays for real-time,high-spatiotemporal-resolution impedance measurements of biological *** this review,we discuss different methods and applications of measuring impedance for cell and tissue analysis with a focus on impedance imaging with microelectrode arrays in in vitro *** first introduce how electrode configurations and the frequency range of the impedance analysis determine the information that can be *** then delve into relevant circuit topologies that can be used to implement impedance measurements and their characteristic features,such as resolution and data-acquisition ***,we detail design considerations for the implementation of new impedance-imaging *** conclude by discussing future fields of application of impedance imaging in biomedical research,in particular applications where optical imaging is not possible,such as monitoring of ex vivo tissue slices or microelectrode-based brain implants.

关键词： impedance microelectrode analysis

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Between plaza and peak: a montological perspective on verticality and urbanization in highland Peru

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Journal of mountain Science 2023年第10期20卷 2783-2803页

作者： andreas HALLER Domenico BRANCA Deyvis CANO Institute for Interdisciplinary mountain Research Austrian Academy of SciencesInnsbruck 6020Austria Department of Humanities and Social Sciences University of SassariSassari 07100Italy Programa Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad de HuánucoHudnuco 10001Peru

Under the influence of concentrated and extended urbanization,Andean cities and the different altitudinal zones of their“hinterlands”are experiencing profound changes in land cover—from the central plazas up to the highest *** complex regional-geographic characteristics of these socioecological systems,such as the vertical complementarity of land use,require a montological perspective on verticality and urbanization:it transcends disciplinary approaches and can be crucial to properly interpret the trajectories of land cover change and formulate hypotheses for future practiceoriented *** trajectories of land cover change characterized altitudinal zones of Andean cities and their surroundings over the last three decades?Are there similarities that allow for the formulation of more general hypotheses?Using the Peruvian cases of Cusco and Huaraz,and combining a traditional altitudinal zonation model of land use in Peru with direct field observations and GIS-based analyses of remotely sensed data from 1991,2001,2011,and 2021,this study identifies the main trajectories of land cover change in the Quechua(>2300–3500 m),Suni(>3500–4000 m),and Puna(>4000–4800 m)regions—and finds insightful similarities between Cusco and Huaraz:(1)an impressive area of built-up land substitutes grassland in the Quechua,which,following regional altitudinal zonation models,is characterized by irrigated and rain-fed cropland;(2)an unexpected expansion of irrigated cropland takes place in the Suni,which,in theory,often lacks irrigation infrastructure and is mostly used for rain-fed tuber cultivation;and(3)a clear change from“other land”to grassland occurs in the Puna—where grassland is thought to predominate,anyway,since pre-Hispanic *** that these changes reflect the interplay between speculative fallow,agricultural intensification,and ecological restoration,the results can be read as vertically complementary,local manifestations of concentrated and extended urba

关键词： mountain cities mountain agriculture Land use change Land cover change Rural-urban linkages montology

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Applications of object detection networks in high-power laser systems and experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第1期11卷 52-60页

作者： Jinpu Lin Florian Haberstroh Stefan Karsch andreas Döpp Ludwig-maximilians-Universität münchen GarchingGermany

The recent advent of deep artificial neural networks has resulted in a dramatic increase in performance for object classification and *** pre-trained with everyday objects,we find that a state-of-the-art object detection architecture can very efficiently be fine-tuned to work on a variety of object detection tasks in a high-power laser *** this paper,three exemplary applications are *** show that the plasma waves in a laser±plasma accelerator can be detected and located on the optical *** plasma wavelength and plasma density are estimated ***,we present the detection of all the peaks in an electron energy spectrum of the accelerated electron beam,and the beam charge of each peak is estimated ***,we demonstrate the detection of optical damage in a high-power laser *** reliability of the object detector is demonstrated over1000 laser shots in each *** study shows that deep object detection networks are suitable to assist online and offline experimental analysis,even with small training *** believe that the presented methodology is adaptable yet robust,and we encourage further applications in Hz-level or kHz-level high-power laser facilities regarding the control and diagnostic tools,especially for those involving image data.

关键词： high repetition rate laser±plasma accelerators machine learning object detection optical diagnostics

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Norton-Hoff model for deformation of growing solid shell of thin slab casting in funnel-shape mold

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第1期29卷 88-102页

作者： Alexander Vakhrushev Abdellah Kharicha menghuai Wu andreas Ludwig Gerald Nitzl Yong Tang Gernot Hackl Josef Watzinger Christian m.G.Rodrigues Christian-Doppler Laboratory for metallurgical Applications of magnetohydrodynamics Montanuniversitat Leoben8700 LeobenAustria Primetals Technologies 4031 LinzAustria Chair of Simulation and modeling of metallurgical Processes Department of MetallurgyMontanuniversit?t Leoben8700 LeobenAustria RHI magnesita GmbH 1120 ViennaAustria RHI magnesita GmbH 8700 LeobenAustria

A funnel-type mold is commonly used to provide necessary clearance for the submerged entry nozzle in the thin slab casting(TSC).The partially solidified shell is subjected to the mechanical deformations,which can lead to the defects formation and,as a results,to a ***,the results of the flow simulation,performed by the finite volume method(FVm),are fed to the external package for the finite element analysis of stress and strain.A coupled model was assembled using“creeping solid”approach by blending the Norton-Hoff viscoplastic stress for the solidifying shell with the Newtonian viscous stress of the liquid *** FVm was used to combine both liquid and solid stress models within a single *** iterative procedure based on the improved both side diffusion method was introduced to treat the nonlinear relation between the viscoplastic stress and the strain *** modeled shell thickness was verified by previously published breakout measurements and the simulation *** distribution,obtained during the TSC simulation,dominantly corresponds to the viscoplastic *** numerical approach is robust and has direct industrial application.

关键词： Solid shell Viscoplastic stress Solidification Norton-Hoff model Thin slab Continuous casting Improved both side diffusion method OpenFOAm

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Human primary muscle stem cells regenerate injured urethral sphincter in athymic rats

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Animal models and Experimental medicine 2022年第5期5卷 453-460页

作者： Biniam m.Bekele Verena Schöwel-Wolf Janine Kieshauer andreas marg andreas Busjahn Sarah Davis Gayle Nugent Anne-Karoline Ebert Simone Spuler muscle Research Unit Experimental and Clinical Research Centera cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the CharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany CharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinGermany max-Delbrück-Center for molecular medicine in the Helmholtz Association BerlinGermany Berlin Institute of Health at CharitéUniversitätsmedizin BelrinGermany HealthTwist GmbH BerlinGermany Charles River Laboratories MattawanMichiganUSA Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology University Hospital UlmUlmGermany

Background:The aim of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy of human muscle stem cells(muSCs)isolated using innovative technology in restoring internal urinary sphincter function in a preclinical animal ***:Colonies of pure human muSCs were obtained from muscle biopsy *** rats were subjected to internal urethral sphincter damage by *** days after injury,2×105 muscle stem cells or medium as control were injected into the area of sphincter damage(n=5 in each group).Peak bladder pressure and rise in pressure were chosen as outcome *** repeatedly obtain the necessary pressure values,telemetry sensors had been implanted into the rat bladders 10 days prior to ***:There was a highly significant improvement in the ability to build up peak pressure as well as a pressure rise in animals that had received muscle stem cells as compared to control(p=0.007)3 weeks after the cells had been *** mini-mal histologic evidence of scarring was observed in treated ***:Primary human muscle stem cells obtained using innovative technology functionally restore internal urethral sphincter function after *** into use in clinical settings is foreseeable.

关键词： human muscle stem cells sphincter injury telemetry urinary incontinence urodynamics

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Crustal architecture and metallogeny associated with the Paleo-Tethys evolution in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt,Northern Tibetan Plateau

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 286-306页

作者： Xinming Zhang Xu Zhao Lebing Fu Yanjun Li andreas Kamradt m.Santosh Chongwen Xu Xiaokun Huang Gregor Borg Junhao Wei School of Earth Resource China University of GeoscienceWuhan 430074China Institute of Geosciences and Geography Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle(Saale)06120Germany CAS Key Laboratory of mineralogy and metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of mineral Physics and materials Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Earth Science and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

The Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt(EKOB)in the Northern Tibet Plateau hosts a wide variety of metal deposits related to the Late Paleozoic to mesozoic *** this study,we investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of the Late Paleozoic to mesozoic granitic rocks and associated metal deposits in the EKOB and provide a comprehensive compilation of the geochronological,geochemical and isotopic data on these *** compute regional zircon Hf isotope and crustal thickness maps from the data,based on which a comprehensive model is proposed involving subduction(ca.270–240 ma),continental collision(ca.240–224 ma),and post-collisional extension(ca.224–200 ma)for the Late Paleozoic to mesozoic Paleo-Tethys evolution in the *** Hf isotopic and crustal thickness mapping of Late Paleozoic to mesozoic magmatic rocks was carried out to evaluate their spatio-temporal and genetic links with the regional *** polymetallic Fe-skarn and porphyry Cu(mo)deposits in the EKOB are located above the moho uplift region,featuring a comparatively thin *** associated with porphyry Cu(mo)and polymetallic Fe skarn mineralization are commonly characterized by highε_(Hf)(t)and younger T_(Dm)cvalues,whereas granite related to Cu-mo-Sn skarn deposits exhibit more variableε_(Hf)(t)values,T_(Dm)c ages,and the crust thickness,which suggest that more crustal materials contributed to the formation of Cu-mo-Sn skarn deposits than those for porphyry Cu(mo)and polymetallic Fe skarn *** contrast,vein-type Au deposits are located primarily where the moho surface displays a depression,i.e.,where the continental crust is relatively *** magmatic rocks associated with Au mineralization are characterized by lowε_(Hf)(t)and high T_(Dm)cvalues,representing reworked ancient crustal components,similar to those associated with porphyry mo and epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn-(Au)*** study indicates that the emplacement of magmatic-hydrothermal deposits was controlled

关键词： Hf-isotopic mapping Crustal thickness metallogeny Tectonic evolution Crustal architecture Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt

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Hyperspectral compressive wavefront sensing

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高功率激光科学与工程:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 1-7页

作者： Sunny Howard Jannik Esslinger Robin HWWang Peter Norreys andreas Döpp Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Advanced Laser Applications Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGarchingGermany John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science OxfordUK

Presented is a novel way to combine snapshot compressive imaging and lateral shearing interferometry in order to capture the spatio-spectral phase of an ultrashort laser pulse in a single shot.A deep unrolling algorithm is utilized for snapshot compressive imaging reconstruction due to its parameter efficiency and superior speed relative to other methods,potentially allowing for online *** algorithm’s regularization term is represented using a neural network with 3D convolutional layers to exploit the spatio-spectral correlations that exist in laser *** sensing is not typically applied to modulated signals,but we demonstrate its success ***,we train a neural network to predict the wavefronts from a lateral shearing interferogram in terms of Zernike polynomials,which again increases the speed of our technique without sacrificing *** method is supported with simulation-based *** applied to the example of lateral shearing interferometry,the methods presented here are generally applicable to a wide range of signals,including Shack-Hartmann-type *** results may be of interest beyond the context of laser wavefront characterization,including within quantitative phase imaging.

关键词： artificial neural networks compressed sensing high-power laser characterization wavefront measurement

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