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Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: Enlightening the gray zones

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World Journal of Hepatology 2013年第6期5卷 302-310页

作者： andrea Mancuso Epatologia e Gastroenterologia Ospedale Niguarda Cà Granda20162 Milano Italy Medicina Interna 1 Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale ad Alta Specializzazione Ospedale Civico90127 Palermo Italy

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been continuously evolving during recent years. HCC is a worldwide clinical and social issue and typically a complicates cirrhosis. The incidence of HCC is increasing, not only in the general population of patients with cirrhosis, but particularly in some subgroups of patients, like those with human immunodeficiency virus infection or thalassemia. Since a 3% annual HCC incidence has been estimated in cirrhosis, a biannual screening is generally suggested. The diagnostic criteria of HCC has recently had a dramatic evolution during recent years. HCC diagnosis is now made only on radiological criteria in the majority of the cases. In the context of cirrhosis, the universally accepted criteria for HCC diagnosis is contrast enhancement in arterial phase and washout in venous/late phase at imaging, the so called "typical pattern". However, recently up- dated guidelines slightly differ in diagnostic criteria. Apart from liver transplantation, the only cure of both HCC and underlying liver cirrhosis, all the other treatments have to match with higher rate of HCC recurrence. The latter can be classified into curative (resection and percutaneous ablation) and palliative treatments. The aim of this paper was to review the currentknowledge on management of HCC and to enlighten the areas of uncertainty.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Management Trans-arterial chemoembolization Orthotopic liver transplantation Surgery Management

Parathyroid hormone pulsatility: physiological and clinical aspects

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Bone Research 2015年第1期3卷 1-5页

作者： Silvia Chiavistelli andrea Giustina Gherardo Mazziotti University of Brescia

Parathyroid hormone （PTH） secretion is characterized by an ultradian rhythm with tonic and pulsatile components. In healthy subjects, the majority of PTH is secreted in tonic fashion, whereas approximately 30% is secreted in low-amplitude and high-frequency bursts occurring every 10-20 min, superimposed on tonic secretion. Changes in the ultradian PTH secretion were shown to occur in patients with primary and secondary osteoporosis, with skeletal effects depending on the reciprocal modifications of pulsatile and tonic components. Indeed, pathophysiology of spontaneous PTH secretion remains an area potentially suitable to be explored, particularly in those conditions such as secondary forms of osteoporosis, in which conventional biochemical and densitometric parameters may not always give reliable diagnostic and therapeutic indications. This review will highlight the literature data supporting the hypothesis that changes of ultradian PTH secretion may be correlated with skeletal fragility in primary and secondary osteoporosis.

关键词： PTH Parathyroid hormone pulsatility physiological and clinical aspects

Bone anabolics in osteoporosis: Actuality and perspectives

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第3期5卷 247-254页

作者： andrea Montagnani Metabolic Bone Diseases Area Department of Internal MedicineMisericordia Hospital58100 GrossetoItaly

Vertebral and nonvertebral fractures prevention is the main goal for osteoporosis therapy by inhibiting bone resorption and/or stimulating bone *** drugs decrease the activation frequency,thereby determining a secondary decrease in bone formation rate and a low bone *** are today’s mainstay among antiresorptive treatment of ***,oral selective estrogen receptor modulators and recently denosumab have a negative effect on bone *** active on bone formation are considered a better perspective in the treatment of severe ***-human parathyroid hormone(PTH)has showed to increase bone formation and significantly decrease vertebral fractures in severe patients,but with a modest effect on nonvertebral *** study of Wnt signaling pathway,that induces prevalently an osteoblastic activity,opens large possibilities to antagonists of Wnt-inhibitors,such as sclerostin antibodies and dickkopf-1 antagonists,with potential effects not only on trabecular bone but also on cortical bone.

关键词： Anabolic therapy Bone mass Bone fracture Osteoporosis

Labelings of Plane Graphs Containing Hamilton Path

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2011年第4期27卷 701-714页

作者： Martin BACA Ljiljana BRANKOVIC andrea SEMANICOVA-FEnOVCIKOVA Department of Applied Mathematics Technical University Letna 9 04200 Kogice Slovakia School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia Department of Applied Mathematics Technical University Letnd 9 04200 Kosice Slovakia

This paper deals with the problem of labeling the vertices, edges and faces of a plane graph. A weight of a face is the sum of the label of a face and the labels of the vertices and edges surrounding that face. In a super d-antimagic labeling the vertices receive the smallest labels and the weights of all s-sided faces constitute an arithmetic progression of difference d, for each s appearing in the graph. The paper examines the existence of such labelings for plane graphs containing a special Hamilton path.

关键词： Plane graph d-antimagic labeling super d-antimagic labeling Hamilton path

Multifunctional resonant wavefront-shaping meta-optics based on multilayer and multi-perturbation nonlocal metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第9期11卷 2194-2206页

作者： STEPHANIE CMALEK ADAM COVERVIG andrea ALÙ NANFANG YU Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10031USA Physics Program Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10016USA

Photonic devices rarely provide both elaborate spatial control and sharp spectral control over an incoming *** optical metasurfaces,for example,the localized modes of individual meta-units govern the wavefront shape over a broad bandwidth,while nonlocal lattice modes extended over many unit cells support high quality-factor ***,we experimentally demonstrate nonlocal dielectric metasurfaces in the near-infrared that offer both spatial and spectral control of light,realizing metalenses focusing light exclusively over a narrowband resonance while leaving off-resonant frequencies *** devices attain this functionality by supporting a quasi-bound state in the continuum encoded with a spatially varying geometric *** leverage this capability to experimentally realize a versatile platform for multispectral wavefront shaping where a stack of metasurfaces,each supporting multiple independently controlled quasi-bound states in the continuum,molds the optical wavefront distinctively at multiple wavelengths and yet stay transparent over the rest of the *** a platform is scalable to the visible for applications in augmented reality and transparent displays.

关键词： spectrum resonant supporting

A strategy for lightweight designing of a railway vehicle car body including composite material and dynamic structural optimization

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Railway Engineering Science 2023年第4期31卷 340-350页

作者： Alessio Cascino Enrico Meli andrea Rindi Department of Industrial Engineering University of FlorenceVia Santa Marta3Florence50139 FlorenceItaly

Rolling stock manufacturers are finding structural solutions to reduce power required by the vehicles,and the lightweight design of the car body represents a possible *** processes and innovative materials can be combined in order to achieve this *** this framework,we propose the redesign and optimization process of the car body roof for a light rail vehicle,introducing a sandwich *** joint was used as a fastening *** project was carried out on a single car of a modern tram *** preliminary numerical work was developed in two main steps:redesign of the car body structure and optimization of the innovated *** of the process was the mass reduction of the whole metallic structure,while the constraint condition was imposed on the first frequency of vibration of the *** effect of introducing a sandwich panel within the roof assembly was evaluated,focusing on the mechanical and dynamic performances of the whole car body.A mass saving of 63%on the optimized components was achieved,corresponding to a 7.6%if compared to the complete car body *** addition,a positive increasing of 17.7%on the first frequency of vibration was *** results have been achieved in terms of weight reduction and mechanical behaviour of the innovated car body.

关键词： Structural dynamic optimization Car body lightweight design Railway vehicle dynamics Railway car body engineering Railway vehicle design Composite materials

Intestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第34期16卷 4264-4271页

作者： Giulia Roda Alessandro Sartini Elisabetta Zambon andrea Calafiore Margherita Marocchi Alessandra Caponi andrea Belluzzi Enrico Roda Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bologna Gastroenterology Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital 40138 Bologna Italy

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) seems to involve a primary defect in one or more of the elements responsible for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and oral tolerance. The most important element is represented by the intestinal barrier, a complex system formed mostly by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IECs have an active role in producing mucus and regulating its composition; they provide a physical barrier capable of controlling antigen traff ic through the intestinal mucosa. At the same time, they are able to play the role of non-professional antigen presenting cells, by processing and presenting antigens directly to the cells of the intestinal immune system. On the other hand, immune cells regulate epithelial growth and differentiation, producing a continuous bi-directional cross-talk within the barrier. Several alterations of the barrier function have been identif ied in IBD, starting from mucus features up to its components, from epithelial junctions up to the Toll-like receptors, and altered immune responses. It remains to be understood whether these defects are primary causes of epithelial damage or secondary effects. We review the possible role of the epithelial barrier and particularly describe the role of IECs in the pathogenesis of IBD.

关键词： Intestinal epithelial cells Epithelial barrier Tight junctions Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis

Liver injury and dietary supplements:Does hydroxycitric acid trigger hepatotoxicity?

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2022年第5期20卷 473-475页

作者： andrea Zovi Roberto Langella andrea Nisic Antonio Vitiello Umberto M.Musazzi a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of MilanVia G.ColomboMilan 71-20133Italy Italian Society of Hospital Pharmacy(SIFO) SIFO Secretariat of the Lombardy RegionVia Carlo Farini81Milan 20159Italy Regional Pharmacovigilance Center Lombardy RegionPiazza Cittàdi Lombardia1Milan 20124Italy Pharmaceutical Department USL Umbria 1Via Guerriero Guerra21Perugia 06127Italy

Rising rates of obesity has increased the global use of herbal supplements intended to control ***,taking these preparations without appropriate medical supervision could increase the risk of manifestation of side effects,especially at the hepatic *** literature,different cases of acute liver injury consequent to the use of food supplements containing Garcinia cambogia and hydroxycitric acid are *** letter aims to review the most recent literature that analysed the herb-induced liver disease due to the use of hydroxycitric acid,from the first alert coming from the European Food and Drug Administration in 2009,to the last recent European food alerts from 2020 to *** is noteworthy that in some cases it demonstrated the relationship between hydroxycitric acid and ***,there is a need to draw more attention to the relationship between a safe use and a more awareness in the intake of these supplements,to preserve the safety of the consumers who increasingly purchase food supplements,products that have only nutritive properties and are never curative.

关键词： Weight loss Garcinia cambogia Hydroxycitric acid Hepatotoxicity Adverse event

A review of Palaeoarchaean felsic volcanism in the eastern Kaapvaal craton:Linking plutonic and volcanic records

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第3期9卷 667-688页

作者： andrea Agangi Axel Hofmann Marlina A.Elburg Department of Applied Geology Curtin UniversityBentleyWAAustralia Department of Geology University of Johannesburg JohannesburgSouth Africa

In the Kaapvaal craton of southern Africa, as well as other Archaean cratons worldwide, the progression from dominant tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite(TTG) to granite-monzogranite-syenogranite(GMS)rock types is interpreted to reflect progressive reworking and differentiation of the continental *** we re-evaluate the early Archaean evolution of the Kaapvaal craton and propose a unified view of the plutonic and volcanic records based on elemental and isotopic(Nd, Hf) data and zircon U-Pb *** also report new whole-rock major and trace element analyses, zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-in-zircon analyses of igneous clasts from a conglomerate of the 3.2 Ga Moodies Group of the Barberton Greenstone Belt. Many of these clasts are derived from shallow intrusive rocks of granitic composition, which are scarcely represented in outcrop. Despite alteration, the volcanic rocks can be classified based on their trace element contents into two main groups by comparison with plutonic rocks. One group has characteristics resembling TTGs: relatively low and fractionated rare earth element concentrations with no Eu anomaly and relatively low concentrations of high field strength elements(Nb mostly ≤12 ppm). The second group has GMS-like characteristics: less fractionated REE, marked negative Eu anomalies and HFSE-increasing trends with progressing fractionation(Nb ≤ 50 ppm or more, Th up to 30-40 ppm). In addition, igneous clasts of Moodies Group conglomerate have chemical, mineralogical and isotopic characteristics that link them to GMS. New analyses of some of these clasts indicate elevated high field strength elements(Nb up to 20 ppm) and_(εHf)(t)of zircon down to -3.5. These rocks imply the presence of an already differentiated felsic crust at >3.5 Ga, which has Nd and Hf model ages indicating mantle extraction ages extending back to the Eoarchaean. The combined record of plutonic and volcanic rocks of the Kaapvaal craton provides a more complex scenario than previously suggest

关键词： Archean Kaapvaal craton TTG Greenstone Barberton