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Modelling of Electrical Conductivity of a Silver Plasma at Low Temperature

Plasma Science and Technology 2016年第8期18卷 812-820页

作者： Pascal andre William BUSSIERE Alain COULBOIS Jean-Louis GELET David ROCHETTE Université Clermont Auvergne LAEPT MERSEN 15 rue Jacques de Vaucanson

During the working of electrical fuses, inside the fuse element the silver ribbon first begins to melt, to vaporize and then a fuse arc appears between the two separated parts of the element. Second, the electrodes are struck and the burn-back phenomenon takes place. Usually, the silver ribbon is enclosed inside a cavity filled with silica sand. During the vaporization of the fuse element, one can consider that the volume is fixed so that the pressure increase appears to reach pressures higher than atmospheric pressure. Thus, in this paper two pressures, 1 atm and 10 atm, are considered. The electrical field inside the plasma can reach high values since the distance between the cathode surface and the anode surface varies with time. That is to say from zero cm to one cm order. So we consider various electrical fields： 102 V/m, 103 V/m, 5×103 V/m, 104 V/m at atmospheric pressure and 105 V/m at a pressure of 10 atm. This study is made in heavy species temperature range from 2,400 K to 10,000 K. To study the plasma created inside the electric fuse, we first need to determine some characteristics in order to justify some hypotheses. That is to say： are the classical approximations of the thermal plasmas physics justified？ In other words： plasma frequency, the ideality of the plasma, the Debye-Hückel approximation and the drift velocity versus thermal velocity. These characteristics and assumptions are discussed and commented on in this paper. Then, an evaluation of non-thermal equilibrium versus considered electrical fields is given. Finally, considering the high mobility of electrons, we evaluate the electrical conductivities.

关键词： electrical conductivity silver fuses non-ideal plasma Debye-Hiickelapproximation drift velocity thermal velocity thermal non-equilibrium electrical fields

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Visualization of Large Amount of Spectra in Virtual Observatory Environment

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2014年第6期11卷 613-620页

作者： Petr aloun David andrei Petr koda Ivan Zelinka Department of Computer Science Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VB-Technical University of Ostrava17.listopadu 15 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba Czech Republic Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences Fricova 298 251 65 Ondrejov Czech Republic

This paper presents overview of new features so far prepared for new version of spectral analysis tool SPLAT-VO that allows to retrieve a large amount of spectra(and other data) based on its characteristics by detailed querying a virtual observatory s resources. The overview is focused on enhancements of user experience, work with simple application messaging protocol(SAMP) and other interoperability that improves work with global list of spectra, plot window and analysis menu.

关键词： SPLAT-VO virtual observatory spectra simple application message protocol (SAMP) flexible image transport system (FITS)

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Microstructural Characterization of the Shear Bands in Fe-Cr-Ni Single Crystal by EBSD

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第6期24卷 819-828页

作者： Huajie YANG J.H.Zhang Yongbo XU Marc andre＇ Meyers Shenyang National Laboratoryof Materials Sciences Institute of Metal Researchl Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093-0411 USA

An investigation has been made into the microstructural characterization of the shear bands generated under high-strain rate （≈10^4 s^-1） deformation in Fe-15%Cr-15%Ni single crystal by EBSD-SEM （electron backscatter diffraction-scanning electron microscopy）, TEM （transmission electron in microscopy） and HREM （high- resolution electron microscopy）. The results reveal that the propagation of the shear band exhibits an asymmetrical behavior arising from inhomogenous distribution in plasticity in the bands because of different resistance to the collapse in different crystallographic directions; The γ-ε-α′phase transformations may take place inside and outside the bands, and these martensitic phases currently nucleate at intersections either between the twins and deformation bands or between the twins and ε-sheet. Investigation by EBSD shows that recrystallization can occur in the bands with a grain size of an average of 0.2μm in diameter. These nano-grains are proposed to attribute to the results of either dynamic or static recrystallization, which can be described by the rotational recrystallization mechanism. Calculation and analysis indicate that the strain rate inside the shear band can reach 2.50×10^6 s^-1, which is higher, by two or three orders of magnitude, than that exerted dynamically on the specimen tested.

关键词： High-strain rate deformation Adiabatic shear band Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) Recrystallization Fe-Cr-Ni single crystal

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Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: Implementation of Water Quality Monitoring Interventions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： Michael Habtu Mark Nanyingi Ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid M. Noor Joel Mutyandia Muli Alan Mwika Julius Wekesa Ahmed Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego Ishata Nannie Conteh andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. Ibrahim Ahmed Nadhir Omar Martins C. Livinus Abdourahmane Diallo World Health Organization Nairobi Kenya Department of Health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agency for Health Dijon France

A multi-faceted Case Area Targeted Intervention (CATI) approach emphasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) campaign was employed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily impacted by cholera were systematically mapped and tested for microbiological quality. The quality assessment was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 samples were collected and tested for thermotolerant coliforms and other in situ parameters. The finding revealed that more than 87% of the samples did not meet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for thermotolerant coliforms;and 30% had turbidity values above the recommended threshold values. None of the 109 samples had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county government implemented the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive impact in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality monitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH commodities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatment Kenya

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Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome:Mechanistic insights into chronic disturbances following enteric infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第14期20卷 3976-3985页

作者： Jennifer K Beatty Amol Bhargava andre G Buret Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a commonly encountered chronic functional gastrointestinal(GI)*** 10%of IBS patients can trace the onset of their symptoms to a previous a bout of infectious *** appearance of new IBS symptoms following an infectious event is defined as ***,with the World Health Organization estimating between 2 and 4 billion cases annually,infectious diarrheal disease represents an incredible international healthcare ***,compounding evidence suggests many commonly encountered enteropathogens as unique triggers behind IBS symptom generation and underlying pathophysiological features.A growing body of work provides evidence supporting a role for pathogen-mediated modifications in the resident intestinal microbiota,epithelial barrier integrity,effector cell functions,and innate and adaptive immune features,all proposed physiological manifestations that can underlie GI abnormalities in *** pathogens must employ a vast array of machinery to evade host protective immune mechanisms,and illicit successful ***,the impact of infectious events on host physiology can be multidimensional in terms of anatomical location,functional scope,and *** review offers a unique discussion of the mechanisms employed by many commonly encountered enteric pathogens that cause acute disease,but may also lead to the establishment of chronic GI dysfunction compatible with IBS.

关键词： Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome Infectious diarrhea Enteric pathogen Inflammatory disorders Immune alterations

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First Psocodean (Psocodea,Empheriidae) from the Cretaceous Amber of New Jersey

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第4期84卷 762-767页

作者： Dany AZAR andre NEL Julian F.PETRULEVICIUS Lebanese University Faculty of Sciences IINatural Sciences DepartmentFanar-MatnLebanon Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle EntomologieUMR CNRS 7205ParisFrance Division Paleozoologia Invertebrados Museo de La Plata-UNLP-CONICETLa Plata 1900Argentina

Representatives of the extinct psocid family Empheriidae are known from Eocene Baltic amber, Lowermost Eocene French amber （Oise）, and Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber （Alava）. We report herein the first discovery of an empheriid psocid from the Cretaceous amber of New Jersey as Jerseyempheria grimaldii gen. et sp. nov. The fossil is figured and described. The new species is distinguished from related taxa. A discussion and checklist of Empheriidae are provided.

关键词： Psocodea Trogiomorpha Atropetae Empheriidae Turonian Cretaceous amber New Jersey USA

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A CK2-RNF4 interplay coordinates non-canonical SUMOylation and degradation of nuclear receptor FXR

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2017年第3期9卷 195-208页

作者： Stephanie Bilodeau Veronique Caron Jonathan Gagnon Alexandre Kuftedjian andre Tremblay Research Center CHU Sainte-Justine Montreal Quebec H3T 1C5 Canada Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Montreal Montreal Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Montreal Montreal Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada

Farnesoid X receptor （FXR） is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that plays a central role in regulating genes involved in bile acid homeostasis, and fat and glucose metabolism. Here, we demonstrate a post-translational interplay between FXR phosphoryl- ation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination that directs the receptor into an activation-degradation pathway in hepatocytes. We iden- tify a non-canonical SUMOylation motif termed pSuM that conjugates SUM02 at Lys-325 of FXR under the direct control of casein kinase 2 （CK2）, which provides the required negative charge for Ubc9 and PIAS1 to perform SUMOylation, by phosphorylating Ser-327. Lys-325 SUMOylation is indispensable to the promotion of efficient ligand activation and transcriptional coactivation of FXR. Constitutive pSuM activation using a phospho-mimic Ser-327 mutant or catalytic CK2 expression strongly induces SUM02 conjugation, which directs FXR ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. We also determine that such SUMOylation-dependent ubiquitination of FXR is mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF4, which is required to achieve maximal induction of FXR and optimal up- or downregulation of responsive genes involved in bile acid homeostasis and liver regeneration. Our findings identify a highly regulated atypical SUMO conjugation motif that serves to coordinate FXR transcriptional compe- tence, thereby expanding the intricate dynamics of the SUMOylation process used by incoming signals to govern metabolic gene regulation.

关键词： farnesoid receptor SUMOylation ubiquitination 26S proteasome bile acid

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The presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ileal pouch anal-anastomosis is associated with an additional risk for vitamin D deficiency

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Gastroenterology Report 2016年第4期4卷 320-324,I0003页

作者： andre Fialho andrea Fialho Gursimran Kochhar Bo Shen Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOHUSA

Objective:Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(IPAA)for ulcerative colitis(UC).Whether vitamin D levels are further lowered in patients with concomitant IPAA and primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)is not *** aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of PSC as a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency in patients with UC and ***:In this case control study,74 patients with concurrent IPAA and PSC were included in the study group,and 79 patients with IPAA,but without PSC,served as ***-four variables were *** analysis and multivariate analysis with stepwise logistic regression were ***:A total 153 eligible patients were included,with 74(48.4%)in the study group and 79(51.6%)in the control *** D level in the study group was 18.961.4 ng/dL compared with 30.361.7 ng/d in the control group(P=0.011).Vitamin D deficiency(≤20 ng/dL)was present in 65(42.5%)*** occurred in 49(75.4%)of the 65 patients with vitamin D *** the multivariate analysis,only the presence of PSC(odds ratio[OR]:7.56;95% confidence interval[CI]:2.39–24.08;P=0.001)and vitamin D supplementation(OR:2.58;95% CI:1.57–9.19;P=0.018)remained associated with vitamin D ***:The presence of PSC was found to be an independent risk factor for vitamin D deficiency in UC patients with *** patients should be routinely screened and closely monitored for vitamin D deficiency.

关键词： inflammatory bowel disease primary sclerosing cholangitis ileal pouch-anal anastomosis vitamin D deficiency

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Endocrine correlates of gender and throat coloration in the southern ground-hornbill(Bucorvus leadbeateri)

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 189-201页

作者： Juan SCHEUN Sophie NELLER Nigel CBENNETT Lucy VKEMP andre GANSWINDT Department of Life and Consumer Sciences University of South AfricaSouth Africa Biodiversity Research Services National Zoological GardensSouth Africa Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and EntomologyFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa Mabula Ground Hornbill Project/IUCN Hornbill Specialist Group Bela-BelaSouth Africa Department of Applied Behavioural Ecology&Ecosystem Research University of South AfricaSouth Africa Endocrine Research Laboratory Department of Anatomy&PhysiologyFaculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa

The southern ground-hornbill(SGH)is a cooperatively breeding bird endemic to eastern and southern Africa,but is endangered in its southern distributional *** national conservation restoration program harvests redundant chicks for captive breeding and reintroduction;with sexing and social grouping of the species evaluated by throat-skin coloration,with adult males displaying a completely red color compared to dark blue within the red observed in adult ***,recent findings indicate that dominant and subordinate adult males exhibit patches of blue *** optimize SGH management practices,it is vital to determine the role of red and blue coloration,as well as the possible drivers *** a prerequisite,an enzyme immunoassay for monitoring fecal androgen metabolite(fAM)concentrations in SGH was *** this,fresh fecal samples were collected from 78 SGH,of various demographics and origin,across 12 captive institutions,to determine whether fAM concentrations differ between blue(B),partially blue(sB),and fully red(R)throat-skin colored ***,fAM concentrations were compared between males housed in different social groups of different age and sex *** median fAM concentrations of B,sB,and R adult males did not differ significantly but were considerably higher in B and sB males compared to R *** dynamics within captivity,for example,dominance,played no role as a driver of male gonadal activity or throat skin *** results of the study indicate that androgens and apparent social dynamics are not primary determinants of throat coloration in male SGH.

关键词： coloration fecal glucocorticoid metabolites non-invasive southern ground-hornbill validation

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The V(z) Inversion Technique for Evaluation of an Adhesively Bonded Structure

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Chinese Physics Letters 2015年第12期32卷 78-82页

作者：刘婧徐卫疆胡文祥 OURAK Mohame'd DUBOIS andre Institut d'Electronique de Microelectronique et de Nanotechnologie UMR CNRS 8520 Departement DOAE Universite de Valenciennes Valenciennes 59313 France Institute of Acoustics Tongji University Shanghai 200092 Laboratoire d'Automatique de Mdcanique et d'Informatique Industrielles et Humaines UMR CNRS 8201 Universite de Valenciennes Valenciennes 59313 France

Based on the fact that the evolution trace in incident angle and frequency of the resonance zeros of the reflec- tion coemcient function for a water charged layered medium is equivalent to its guided wave mode dispersion, the interracial adhesion of a three-layer aluminum-adhesive aluminum bonding structure is characterized nonde- structively by determining the interface shear stiffness kt associated with the interracial strength. The resonance reflection function is obtained experimentally by the V （z） inversion technique using an ultrasonic focused trans- ducer of wide-band and large angular aperture （up to ±45°）. The dispersion curves are numerically calculated, adjusting the parameter kt so that the difference between the dispersion curves and the angular-frequency tracing of the reflection zeros is minimum. The parameter kt at an interface of weakly adhered aluminum epoxy-resin is estimated to be 1014 N/m3.

关键词： The V

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