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geography and Sustainability 2020年第3期1卷 229-232页

作者： Stefani Daryanto Lixin Wang Pierre-andré Jacinthe Department of Earth Sciences Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis(IUPUI)IN 46202USA

Tillage is the most common agricultural practice dating back to the origin of *** recent decades,no-tillage(NT)has been introduced to improve soil and water ***,changes in soil properties resulting from long-term NT can increase losses of dissolved phosphorus,nitrate and some classes of pesticides,and NT effect on nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission remains *** management that enhances the overall environmental benefits of NT is therefore *** incorporating cover crops,nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency in NT fields could be improved given the nutrient supplying capacity of some cover *** crops could also offset the need for occasional tillage of NT cropland,an operation whose effect is only temporary in reducing,for example,soil compaction associated with NT *** used in combination with NT,cover crop termination methods,using agrochemicals,should be carefully considered to prevent further jeopardy to water *** to herbicides,the use of roller crimping could potentially result in production cost saving while minimizing soil disturbance and export of *** research should focus on various combinations of cover crop traits(e.g.,decomposition rate)and management(e.g.,timing of cover crop termination)that account for site-and cash crop-specific requirements.

关键词： Ecosystem service cover crop Leaching Runoff

Pyramiding disease resistance genes in elite winter wheat germplasm for Western canada

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The crop Journal 2019年第6期7卷 739-749页

作者： andréLaroche Michele Frick Robert J.graf Jamie Larsen John D.Laurie Agriculture and Agri-Food canada Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeAlberta T1J 4B1Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food canada Harrow Research and Development Centre2585 County Road 20HarrowOntario N0R 1G0Canada

We report on pyramiding different disease resistance genes against fungal pathogens in canadian winter wheat germplasm based on available DNA markers and gene *** resistance represents a safe, economical and ecological method for protecting plants, growers and the health of consumers. Major diseases of wheat on the canadian Prairies are common bunt, rusts(leaf, stem and stripe) and Fusarium head blight. Over the years markers for resistance genes against these diseases have been identified and used by the international wheat community. We describe markers that we have used to pyramid different resistance genes and indicate their presence in canadian winter wheat cultivars issued from the winter wheat breeding program at the Agriculture and Agri-Food canada,Lethbridge Research and Development centre, the only winter wheat breeding program in Western canada actively delivering new varieties for all regions of the canadian *** sources of resistance and identities of PcR primers and amplification conditions are indicated to enable the transfer and pyramiding of different resistance(R) genes to breeding lines. We conclude by reviewing new tools for identifying R genes in wheat and indicate how mutagenesis and gene editing can help future efforts to extend the protection offered by known R genes.

关键词： Bunt gene pyramiding Wheat rusts Marker-assisted selection Triticum aestivum

Medicinal properties of Angelica archangelica root extract: cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells and its protective effects against in vivo tumor development

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第2期17卷 132-140页

作者： carlos R.Oliveira Daniel g.Spindola Daniel M.garcia Adolfo Erustes Alexandre Bechara caroline Palmeira-dos-Santos Soraya S.Smaili gustavo J.S.Pereira andré Hinsberger Ezequiel P.Viriato Maria cristina Marcucci Alexandra c.H.F.Sawaya Samantha L.Tomaz Elaine g.Rodrigues claudia Bincoletto Departamento de Farmacologia Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) grupo de Fitocomplexos e Sinalizacao celular Escola de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Anhembi Morumbi Faculdade de ciências Farmacêuticas e Bioquímicas Oswaldo cruz Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Quimiometria Programa de pós-graduacao em Farmácia e Biotecnologia Universidade Anhanguera de Sao Paulo Faculdade de ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Unidade de Oncologia Experimental EPM Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP)

Objective: Although Angelica archangelica is a medicinal and aromatic plant with a long history of use for both medicinal and food purposes, there are no studies regarding the antineoplastic activity of its *** study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antitumor effects of the crude extract of A. archangelica root(cEAA) on breast ***: The cytotoxicity of cEAA against breast adenocarcinoma cells(4T1 and McF-7) was evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. Morphological and biochemical changes were detected by Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide(PI) and annexin V/PI staining. cytosolic calcium mobilization was evaluated in cells staining with FURA-4 NW. Immunoblotting was used to determine the effect of cEAA on anti-and pro-apoptotic proteins(Bcl-2 and Bax, respectively).The 4 T1 cell-challenged mice were used for in vivo ***: Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, angelicin, a constituent of the roots and leaves of A. archangelica, was found to be the major constituent of the cEAA evaluated in this study(73 mg/mL). The cEAA was cytotoxic for both breast cancer cell lines studied but not for human fibroblasts. Treatment of 4 T1 cells with the cEAA increased Bax protein levels accompanied by decreased Bcl-2 expression, in the presence of cleaved caspase-3 and cytosolic calcium mobilization, suggesting mitochondrial involvement in breast cancer cell death induced by the cEAA in this cell line. No changes on the Bcl-2/Bax ratio were observed in cEAA-treated McF7 cells. gavage administration of the cEAA(500 mg/kg) to 4T1 cell-challenged mice significantly decreased tumor growth when compared with untreated ***: Altogether, our data show the antitumor potential of the cEAA against breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Further research is necessary to better elucidate the pharmacological application of the cEAA in breast cancer therapy.

关键词： Angelica archangelica Umbelliferae Apoptosis cell death Breast cancer Angelicin

Kentish Plover(charadrius alexandrinus) and Little Tern(Sternula albifrons) prefer shells for nesting:A field experiment

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 55-59页

作者： Macarena castro andrés De la cruz Nuria Martin-Sanjuan Alejandro Pérez-Hurtado Instituto Universitario de Investigacion Marina(INMAR) Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar(CEIMAR)Departamento de BiologíaUniversidad de CadizPuerto RealSpain Servicios centrales de Investigacion Salinas de la Esperanza Universidad de CadizPuerto RealSpain

Shorebird populations are declining worldwide,mainly due to human disturbances and loss of coastal ***,supratidal habitats as saltpans could play a role in buffering human *** have shown to be important as feeding or breeding sites of some shorebird species.A potential conservation strategy to increase shorebird populations in saltpans is to manipulate the cues that birds use to select optimal breeding *** it is hypothesized that shorebirds are attracted to bivalve shells due to the advantages they *** this hypothesis,we supplemented a restored saltpan in 2019 and 2021 with bivalve shells,expecting an increase in the number of breeding birds’ *** than 75% of Kentish Plover(charadrius alexandrinus) and Little Tern(Sternula albifrons) nests were found in patches with shells in both *** best model for both species indicates that the presence of shells is the factor that most correlates with the location of *** probability of choosing one place over another to settle their nest increases in areas with an abundance of shells,double in the case of the Kentish Plover and triple in the case of the Little *** result of this study may constitute a valuable tool for attracting birds to restored saltpans and could contribute to the success of expensive restoration projects where time is usually a constraint.

关键词： Habitat management Nest site selection Saltpan restoration Shell supplementation Shorebirds

Nano-additive manufacturing of multilevel strengthened aluminum matrix composites

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2023年第1期5卷 254-264页

作者： chenwei Shao Haoyang Li Yankun Zhu Peng Li Haoyang Yu Zhefeng Zhang Herbert gleiter andréMcDonald James Hogan Department of Mechanical Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 1H9Canada Shi-changxu Innovation center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People’s Republic of China nanoFAB Fabrication and characterization centre University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 1H9Canada Institute of Nanotechnology Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344Germany

Nanostructured materials are being actively developed,while it remains an open question how to rapidly scale them up to bulk engineering materials for broad industrial *** study propose an industrial approach to rapidly fabricate high-strength large-size nanostructured metal matrix composites and attempts to investigate and optimize the deposition process and strengthening ***,advanced nanocrystalline aluminum matrix composites(nanoAMcs)were assembled for the first time by a novel nano-additive manufacturing method that was guided by numerical simulations(*** in-flight particle model and the porefree deposition model).The present nanoAMc with a mean grain sizeght times higher than the bulk aluminum and shows the highest hardness among all Al–Al2O3 composites reported to date in the literature,which are the outcome of controlling multiscale strengthening mechanisms from tailoring solution atoms,dislocations,grain boundaries,precipitates,and externally introduced reinforcing *** present high-throughput strategy and method can be extended to design and architect advanced coatings or bulk materials in a highly efficient(synthesizing a nanostructured bulk with dimensions of 50×20×4 mm^(3) in 9 min)and highly flexible(regulating the gradient microstructures in bulk)way,which is conducive to industrial production and application.

关键词： high-throughput fabrication bulk nanoAMc low-temperature additive manufacturing multi-level strengthening

Irritable bowel syndrome subtypes differ in body awareness, psychological symptoms and biochemical stress markers

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2008年第31期14卷 4889-4896页

作者： Elsa M Eriksson Kristina I andrén Henry T Eriksson gran K Kurlberg Department of Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital/stra Gteborg SE-41685 Sweden Department of Surgery Sahlgrenska University Hospital/stra Gteborg SE-41685 Sweden Department of Medicine Sahlgrenska University Hospital/stra Gteborg SE-41685 Sweden Department of Surgery Sahlgrenska University Hospital/stra Gteborg SE-41685 Sweden

AIM: To elucidate the differences in somatic, psycho-logical and biochemical pattern between the subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). METHODS: Eighty IBS patients, 30 diarrhoea pre-dominant (D-IBS), 16 constipation predominant (c-IBS) and 34 alternating IBS (A-IBS) underwent physi-otherapeutic examinations for dysfunctions in body movements and awareness and were compared to an apparently healthy control group (AHc). All groups an-swered questionnaires for gastrointestinal and psycho-logical symptoms. Biochemical variables were analysed in blood. RESULTS: The D-IBS group showed less body aware-ness, less psychological symptoms, a more normal sense of coherence and psychosocial rating as well as higher c-peptide values. c-IBS had a higher degree of body dysfunction and psychological symptoms, as well as the lowest sense of coherence compared to controls and D-IBS. They also demonstrated the most elevated prolactin levels. A-IBS had the lowest degree of body disturbance, deteriorated quality of life and affected bi-ochemical pattern. All subtypes had higher pain scores compared to controls. In addition they all had signifi -cantly increased triglycerides and elevated morning cortisol levels, however, without statistical signifi cance compared with the ***: IBS subtypes showed different pro-files in body awareness, somatic and psychological symptoms and in biochemical variables. D-IBS differed compared to the other groups by lowered body aware-ness, less psychological symptoms and a higher sense of coherence and elevated c-peptide values. c-IBS and A-IBS subtypes suffered more from depression and anxiety, associated with a lower quality of life. These differences may be important and will be taken into account in our treatment of these patients.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome subtypes Physiotherapy Body awareness Stress Biochemistry

Polyethylene glycol 35 ameliorates pancreatic inflammatory response in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2020年第39期26卷 5970-5982页

作者： Ana Ferrero-andrés Arnau Panisello-Roselló Joan Roselló-catafau Emma Folch-Puy Experimental Pathology Department Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicasBarcelona 08036CataloniaSpain Experimental Pathology Department Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicasCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y DigestivasInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i SunyerBarcelona 08036CataloniaSpain

BAcKgROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a sudden inflammatory process of the pancreas that may also involve surrounding tissues and/or remote *** and parenchymal cell death are common pathological features of this condition and determinants of disease *** glycols(PEgs)are nonimmunogenic,non-toxic water-soluble polymers widely used in biological,chemical,clinical and pharmaceutical *** To evaluate the protective effect of a 35-kDa molecular weight PEg(PEg35)on the pancreatic damage associated to cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in vivo and in *** Wistar rats were assigned at random to a control group,a cerulein–induced AP group and a PEg35 treatment *** was induced by five hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein(50μg/kg/bw),while the control animals received saline ***35 was administered intraperitoneally 10 minutes before each cerulein injection in a dose of 10 mg/*** AP induction,samples of pancreatic tissue and blood were collected for ***42J pancreatic acinar cells were treated with increasing concentrations of PEg35 prior to exposure with tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα),staurosporine or *** severity of AP was determined on the basis of plasma levels of lipase,lactate dehydrogenase activity,pancreatic edema and histological *** evaluate the extent of the inflammatory response,the gene expression of inflammation-associated markers was determined in the pancreas and in AR42J-treated ***-induced cell death was also measured in models of in vivo and in vitro pancreatic *** Administration of PEg35 significantly improved pancreatic damage through reduction on lipase levels and tissue edema in cerulein-induced AP *** increased associated inflammatory response caused by cerulein administration was attenuated by a decrease in the gene expression of inflammation-related cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme in the *** contr

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Inflammation Polyethylene glycols cytokines AR42J cells cell death

Effects of vegetation strata and human disturbance on bird diversity in green areas in a city in southern chile

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Avian Research 2018年第4期9卷 329-343页

作者： andrés Munoz-Pedreros Marilyn gonzález-Urrutia Francisco Encina-Montoya Heraldo V.Norambuena Núcleo de Investigación en Estudios Ambientales NEA Departamento de Ciencias AmbientalesFacultad de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Católica de TemucoCasilla 15.DTemucoChile Programa de Biodiversidad y Manejo de Vida Silvestre Centro de Estudios Agrarios y AmbientalesCasilla 164ValdiviaChile

Background: Urbanisation is a dominant geographical trend and an important component of global change, with unprecedented implications for socio?economic, cultural and environmental characteristics. However, green areas, including original fragments, can help to conserve native diversity, improving the functioning of these artificial systems in the long term. Urban areas can still provide habitats usable by wild birds, however the structural charac?teristics of the habitat formed by different types of green area differ, and therefore dissimilar bird diversities are to be expected. The object of this study was to characterise the α and β diversities of birds in different green areas and to analyse how diversity relates to ten variables that characterise the ***: We studied the green areas in the city of Temuco, southern chile(Park, Square and Median strips of main streets), evaluating the variables:(a) surface area,(b) vegetation,(c) estimated human impact as the proportions of vegetation and bare soil by area, and the vehicle traffic. The bird assemblage structures were characterised by α(intra?environment) diversity and β diversity(between environments) and the statistical analysis identified the environmen?tal variables related with the presence and abundance of birds. A statistical model was constructed to describe the contribution of the variables to bird ***: We found significant differences between the diversity of bird species in the three types of green area. The β showed medium to high similarity between the different study units. There was a negative correlation with bare soil areas; the correlations with vehicle flow, plant structure and tree and shrub cover were not significant, meaning that these variables did not explain the variation in the richness of bird species between the green areas. However the surface area did explain this variation presenting a positive potential relation. There was also a high correlation with the o

关键词： Urban birds Urban green area Vegetation structure Bird composition chile

Decomposition and stabilization of organic matter in an old-growth tropical riparian forest:effects of soil properties and vegetation structure

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 173-181页

作者： Pedro Henrique de godoy Fernandes andréa Lúcia Teixeira de Souza Marcel Okamoto Tanaka Renata Sebastiani graduate Program in Environmental Sciences Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil Department of Environmental Sciences(DcAm) Federal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil Department of Nature Mathematicsand Education SciencesFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSPBrazil

Background:Nutrient cycling in tropical forests has a large importance for primary productivity,and decomposition of litterfall is a major process influencing nutrient balance in forest *** large-scale factors strongly influence decomposition patterns,small-scale factors can have major influences,especially in old-growth forests that have high structural complexity and strong plant-soil *** we evaluated the effects of forest structure and soil properties on decomposition rates and stabilization of soil organic matter using the Tea Bag Index(TBI)in an old-growth riparian forest in southeastern *** data sets were described separately using Principal components Analysis(PcA).The main axes for each analysis,together with soil physical properties(clay content and soil moisture),were used to construct structural equations models that evaluated the different parameters of the TBI,decomposition rates and stabilization *** best model was selected using Akaike’s ***:Forest structure and soil physical and chemical properties presented large variation among plots within the studied *** content was strongly correlated with soil moisture and the first PcA axis of soil chemical properties,and model selection indicated that clay content was a better predictor than this *** rates presented a large variation among tea bags(0.009 and 0.098 g·g^(−1)·d−1)and were positively related with forest structure,as characterized by higher basal area,tree density and larger *** stabilization factor varied between 0.211–0.426 and was related to forest stratification and soil clay ***:The old-growth forest studied presented high heterogeneity in both forest structure and soil properties at small spatial scales,that influenced decomposition processes and probably contributed to small-scale variation in nutrient *** rates were only influenced by forest structure,whereas the stabilizat

关键词： Tea bag index Forest structure carbon fixation Nutrient cycling

Predictive value of bleeding risk scores in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and oral anticoagulation

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Journal of geriatric cardiology 2023年第9期20卷 684-692页

作者： Pablo Domínguez-Erquicia Sergio Raposeiras-Roubín Emad Abu-Assi andrea Lizancos-castro Jose A Parada-Barcia andrégonzález-garcía Ana Ledo-Piñeiro Vanesa Noriega-caro carla Iglesias-Otero andrésÍñiguez-Romo Department of cardiology University HospitalÁlvaro CunqueiroVigoSpain Health Research Institute galicia Sur VigoSpain

BAcKgROUND The predictive value of bleeding risk scores for atrial fibrillation in older patients is not as well *** goal of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of HASBLED,ORBIT and ATRIA for major bleeding(MB)and intracranial hemorrhage(IcH)in patients≥75 years with atrial fibrillation and oral anticoagulation(OAc).METHODS A retrospective unicenter study including patients≥75 years with atrial fibrillation(AF)and OAc.A total of 7613 patients≥75 years with AF and OAc included between 2014 and 2018(registry:NcT04364516).We analyzed the discriminative value of HASBLED,ATRIA and ORBIT scores for bleeding endpoints(major bleeding as primary endpoint and intracerebral hemorrhage as secondary).cox regression was used to predict major bleeding with each scale and also for searching other variables potentially predictor of major *** discrimination was assessed using Harrell’s *** was assessed with goodness-of-fit test proposed by gronnesby and *** During a mean follow up of 4.0 years(IQR:2.4–5.7 years),729 patients developed MB(2.61 per 100 patients/year)and 243 patients developed IcH(0.85 per 100 patients/year).Three scores showed a low discrimination for major bleeding,being ORBIT the best(HASBLED c statistic=0.557;ATRIA c statistic=0.568;ORBIT c statistic=0.595)and also a low discrimination for IcH(HASBLED c statistic=0.509;ATRIA c statistic=0.522;ORBIT c statistic=0.526).Among the variables that are part of the scores and other baseline characteristics,after multivariable adjustment only sex(male),dementia,prior admission for bleeding,anemia and liver disease were found as a predictors of *** In older patients under oral anticoagulation with atrial fibrillation,the risk scores HASBLED,ATRIA and ORBIT showed a weak discrimination for major bleeding and intracranial ***,other better alternatives should be evaluated for this purpose.

关键词： patients bleeding fibrillation