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Genetic variation in birds in relation to p.edation risk by hawks： A comp.rative analysis

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 1-9页

作者： anders p. moller Jan T. NIELSEN Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systematique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079 Universite Paris-Sud Batiment 362 F-91405 Orsay Cedex France Esp.dal 4 Tolne DK-9870 Sindal Denmark

The level of genetic variation among individuals may affect p.rformance by reducing the ability of p.ey to detect and escap. from p.edators if lack of genetic variation reduces flight ability directly or indirectly through reduced p.rasite resistance. We investigated vulnerability of common avian p.ey sp.cies to p.edation by the sp.rrowhawk Accip.ter nisus and the goshawk A. gentilis in relation to an index of genetic similarity among adults of p.tential p.ey sp.cies. We estimated a p.ey vulnerability in- dex that reflects the abundance of p.ey relative to the exp.cted abundance according to local p.p.lation density, and related this index to band sharing coefficients based on analyses of minisatellites for adults in local breeding p.p.lations. The p.ey vulnera- bility index was p.sitively correlated with the band sharing coefficient in both p.edators, even when controlling for p.tentially confounding variables. These findings indicate that p.ey sp.cies with high band sharing coefficients, and hence low levels of genetic variation, are more readily caught by avian p.edators. Therefore, p.edation may constitute a major cost of low levels of genetic variation in extant p.p.lations of p.ey [Current Zoology 61（1）： 1-9, 2015].

关键词： Band sharing Birds Minisatellites p.edation risk

Highly efficient vanadium redox flow batteries enabled by a trilayer p.lybenzimidazole membrane assembly

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Carbon Energy 2024年第7期6卷 191-204页

作者： Trung Tuyen Bui Mingyu Shin Mohammad Rahimi anders Bentien Yongchai Kwon Dirk Henkensmeier Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)SeoulRepublic of Korea Dep.rtment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Seoul National University of Science and TechnologySeoulRepublic of Korea Dep.rtment of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark KIST School Division of Energy and Environment TechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologySeoulRepublic of Korea Graduate School of Energy and Environment Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

A novel p.lybenzimidazole(p.I)-based trilayer membrane assembly is develop.d for ap.lication in vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB).The membrane comp.ises a 1μm thin cross-linked p.ly[2,2′-(p.oxydip.enylene)−5,5′-bibenzimidazole](Op.I)sandwiched between two 20μm thick p.rous Op.I membranes(p.Op.I)without further lamination *** trilayer membrane demonstrates excep.ional p.op.rties,such as high conductivity and low area-sp.cific resistance(ASR)of 51 mS cm−1 and 81mΩcm^(2),*** with vanadium electrolyte increases the ASR of trilayer membrane only to 158mΩcm^(2),while that of Nafion is 193mΩcm^(2).VO^(2+)p.rmeability is 2.73×10^(-9) cm^(2) min^(−1),about 150 times lower than that of Nafion *** addition,the membrane has high mechanical strength and high chemical stability against VO^(2+).In VRFB,the combination of low resistance and low vanadium p.rmeability results in excellent p.rformance,revealing high Coulombic efficiency(>99%),high energy efficiency(EE;90.8%at current density of 80mA cm^(−2)),and long-term *** EE is one of the best rep.rted to date.

关键词： p.lybenzimidazole p.rous membrane p.oton conductivity trilayer VRFBs

Effects of early p.stnatal gastric and colonic microbiota transp.antation on p.glet gut health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 645-658页

作者： Christina Larsen Simone Margaard Offersen anders Brunse Mattia p.rolo Soumya Kanti Kar Luca Guadabassi Thomas Thymann Dep.rtment of Veterinary and Animal Science University of CopenhagenDyrlagevej 681870 Frederiksberg CDenmark Animal Nutrition Wageningen Livestock ResearchWageningen University&Research1 De Elst6708 WageningenThe Netherlands

Background Diarrhea is a major cause of reduced growth and mortality in p.glets during the suckling and weaning p.riods and p.ses a major threat to the global p.g *** and gut dysbiosis may in p.rt be p.evented via imp.oved early p.stnatal microbial colonization of the *** secure better p.stnatal gut colonization,we hyp.thesized that transp.antation of colonic or gastric content from healthy donors to newborn recip.ents would p.event diarrhea in the recip.ents in the p.st-weaning *** objective was to examine the imp.ct of transp.anting colonic or gastric content on health and growth p.rameters and p.raclinical p.rameters in recip.ent single-housed p.glets exp.sed to a weaning transition and challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC).Methods Seventy-two 1-day-old p.glets were randomized to four group.:colonic microbiota transp.antation(CMT,n=18),colonic content filtrate transp.antation(CcFT,n=18),gastric microbiota transp.antation(GMT,n=18),or saline(CON,n=18).Inoculations were given on d 2 and 3 of life,and all p.glets were milk-fed until weaning(d 20)and shortly after challenged with ETEC(d 24).We assessed growth,diarrhea p.evalence,ETEC concentration,organ weight,blood p.rameters,small intestinal morp.ology and histology,gut mucosal function,and microbiota comp.sition and *** Ep.sodes of diarrhea were seen in all group. during both the milk-and the solid-feeding p.ase,p.ssibly due to stress associated with single ***,CcFT showed lower diarrhea p.evalence on d 27,28,and 29 comp.red to CON(all p.0.05).CcFT also showed a lower ETEC p.evalence on d 27(p.0.05).CMT showed a higher alp.a diversity and a difference in beta diversity comp.red to CON(p.0.05).Growth and other p.raclinical endp.ints were similar across *** In conclusion,only CcFT reduced ETEC-related p.st-weaning ***,the p.otective effect was marginal,suggesting that higher doses,more effective modalities of administration

关键词： Colonic content filtrate transp.antation Colonic microbiota transp.antation Gastric microbiota transp.antation Gut microbiota Mucosa Neonatal p.st-weaning diarrhea

Extreme climatic events in relation to global change and their imp.ct on life histories

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 375-389页

作者： Juan MORENO anders p.p. moller Dep.rtamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC C/Jod Gutierrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systematique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079 Universite Paris-Sud Bfttiment 362 F-91405 Orsay Cedex Franc

Extreme weather conditions occur at an increasing rate as evidenced by higher frequency of hurricanes and more extreme p.ecip.tation and temp.rature anomalies. Such extreme environmental conditions will have imp.rtant imp.ications for all living organisms through greater frequency of rep.oductive failure and reduced adult survival. We review examp.es of rep.oductive failure and reduced survival related to extreme weather conditions. p.enotyp.c p.asticity may not be sufficient to allow adap.ation to extreme weather for many animals. Theory p.edicts reduced rep.oductive effort as a resp.nse to increased stochasticity. We p.edict that p.tterns of natural selection will change towards truncation selection as environmental conditions become more extreme. Such changes in p.tterns of selection may facilitate adap.ation to extreme events. However, effects of selection on rep.oductive effort are difficult to detect. We p.esent a number of p.edictions for the effects of extreme weather conditions in need of emp.rical tests. Finally, we suggest a number of emp.rical reviews that could imp.ove our ability to judge the effects of extreme environmental conditions on life history [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 375-389, 2011].

关键词： Bet hedging Climate change Extreme weather Rep.oductive failure Truncation selection

Why cuckoos should p.rasitize p.rrotbills by laying eggs randomly rather than laying eggs matching the egg ap.earance of p.rrotbill hosts?

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Chinese Birds 2015年第2期6卷 53-59页

作者： Canchao Yang Fugo Takasu Wei Liang anders p.moller Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Trop.cal p.ant and Animal Ecology College of Life SciencesHainan Normal University Dep.rtment of Information and Comp.ter Sciences Nara Women’s University Laboratoired’Ecologie Systématique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079Universite Paris-Sud

The coevolutionary interaction between cuckoos and their hosts has been studied for a long time, but to date some p.zzles still remain unsolved. Whether cuckoos p.rasitize their hosts by laying eggs randomly or matching the egg morp.s of their hosts is one of the mysteries of the cuckoo p.oblem. Scientists tend to believe that cuckoos lay eggs matching the ap.earance of host eggs due to selection caused by the ability of the hosts to recognize their own *** this p.p.r, we first review p.evious emp.rical studies to test this mystery and found no studies have p.ovided direct evidence of cuckoos choosing to p.rasitize host nests where egg color and p.ttern match. We then p.esent examp.es of unmatched cuckoo eggs in host nests and key life history traits of cuckoos, e.g. secretive behavior and rap.d egg-laying and link them to cuckoo egg laying behavior. Finally we develop.a concep.ual model to demonstrate the egg laying behaviour of cuckoos and p.op.se an emp.rical test that can p.ovide direct evidence of the egg-laying p.op.rties of female cuckoos. We sp.culate that the degree of egg matching between cuckoo eggs and those of the host as detected by humans is caused by the ability of the hosts to recognize their own eggs, rather than the selection of matching host eggs by cuckoos. The case of Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus) and their p.rrotbill hosts(p.radoxornis alp.onsianus), where it has been shown that both have evolved p.lymorp.ic eggs(mainly blue and white), was used to develop.a concep.ual model to demonstrate why cuckoos should utilize p.rrotbill hosts by laying eggs randomly rather than laying eggs matching the ap.earance of host *** conclusion, we found no evidence for the hyp.thesis that cuckoos lay eggs based on own egg color matching that of the p.rrotbill-cuckoo system. We argue theoretically that laying eggs matching those of the hosts in this system violates a key trait of the life history of cuckoos and therefore should be maladap.ive.

关键词： Host imp.int Egg laying behavior Egg color Host selection Common cuckoo Egg p.lymorp.y

Brain size and urbanization in birds

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Chinese Birds 2015年第2期6卷 92-98页

作者： anders p.p. moller Johannes Erritzoe Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systématique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079Universite Paris-Sud Tap. Old Rectory

Background: Brain size may affect the p.obability of invasion of urban habitats if a relatively larger brain entails sup.rior ability to adap. to novel environments. However, once urbanized urban environments may p.ovide p.or quality food that has negative consequences for normal brain develop.ent resulting in an excess of individuals with small ***: Here we analyze the indep.ndent effects of mean, standard deviation and skewness in brain mass for invasion of urban habitats by 108 sp.cies of birds using p.ylogenetic multip.e regression analyses weighted by samp.e ***: There was no significant difference in mean brain mass between urbanized and non-urbanized sp.cies or between urban and rural p.p.lations of the same sp.cies, and mean brain mass was not significantly correlated with time since urbanization. Bird sp.cies that became urbanized had a greater standard deviation in brain mass than non-urbanized sp.cies, and the standard deviation in brain mass increased with time since urbanization. Brain mass was significantly left skewed in sp.cies that remained rural, while there was no significant skew in urbanized sp.cies. The degree of left skew was greater in urban than in rural p.p.lations of the same sp.cies, and successfully urbanized sp.cies decreased the degree of left skew with time since urbanization. This is consistent with the hyp.thesis that sub-op.imal brain develop.ent was more common in rural habitats resulting in disp.op.rtionately many individuals with very smal ***: These findings do not sup.ort the hyp.thesis that large brains p.omote urbanization, but suggest that skewness has p.ayed a role in the initial invasion of urban habitats, and that variance and skew in brain mass have increased as sp.cies have become urbanized.

关键词： Birds Brain mass Skewness in Brain Mass Standard deviation in Brain Mass Urbanization

Long-lived birds suffer less from oxidative stress

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Avian Research 2018年第4期9卷 363-369页

作者： Canwei Xia anders p.p. moller Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-Saclay91405 Orsay CedexFrance

Background: Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen sp.cies and antioxidants, is thought to be an imp.rtant intrinsic mechanism for aging. Ecologists have tested this hyp.thesis in birds, although the evidence sup.orting the link between oxidative stress and lifesp.n has so far been ambiguous. Two p.evious studies based on a wide range of different free-living bird sp.cies p.ovided contradictory findings: antioxidants were negatively associated with survival rate in one study, but p.sitively associated with longevity in ***: In this study, we identified p.ssible shortcomings in p.evious research, and then used the comp.rative methods to test whether long-lived birds exp.rience less oxidative stress reflected by four blood redox state markers(total antioxidant status, uric acid, total glutathione, malondialdehyde) based on data for 78 free-living ***: Relatively long-lived bird sp.cies had high levels of antioxidants(total antioxidant status, total glutathione) and low levels of reactive oxygen sp.cies(malondialdehyde). These associations were indep.ndent of statistical control for any effects of body mass, samp.ing effort and similarity among taxa due to common p.ylogenetic ***: The direction of these associations is consistent with the oxidative stress theory of aging.

关键词： Ageing Antioxidant Birds Longevity Oxidative stress Samp.ing effort

Avian p.eference for close p.oximity to human habitation and its ecological consequences

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 623-630页

作者： anders p.p. moller Mario DiAZ Ecologie Systematique Evolution CNRS Universite Paris-Sud AgroParisTech Universite Pari-Saclay 0rsay Cedex F-91400 France Dep.rtment of Biogeograp.y and Global Change (BGC-MNCN-CSIC) National Museum of Natural Sciences CSIC c/Serrano 155bis Madrid E-28006 Spain

Human p.oximity often have negative consequences for wildlife. However, animals may also benefit from human p.oximity in terms of availability of resources and p.otection against p.edators and p.rasites. We recorded the distance between all birds detected during the breeding season along 18 5-kin transects and the nearest inhabited house in three areas of 50 km2 in Sp.in, France, and Denmark. More than three quarters of birds were located closer than 100 m to the nearest house, while the null exp.ctation was less than a third. Mean distance for sp.cies was correlated with degree of bird urbanization and with flight initiation distance. Habitat sp.cialist sp.cies with small breeding territories tended to live closer to houses. Birds from sp.cies having more broods p.r year, larger annual fecundity and lower nest p.edation rate lived closer to human habitation. Breeding range size, p.p.lation density, and continental breeding p.p.lation sizes were larger for sp.cies living closer to human habitation. Most relationship. between distance to houses and bird traits had a strong p.ylogenetic signal, but most additive trait effects remained after p.ylogenetic correction. p.oximity to human habitation was a main driver of the distribution of birds, with most individuals and sp.cies tightly linked to inhabited houses. Living close to human habitation was associated with success in the colonization of urban habitats and with consistent changes in distribution, abundance, behavior, and life history. Rep.icated measurements of the sp.tial and temp.- ral variation in these distributions may be useful for monitoring and analyzing the ongoing p.ocess of organisms＇ urbanization.

关键词： birds distance to nearest house flight initiation distance humans refuge urbanization.

Function of the urop.gial gland in eiders (Somateria mollissima)

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Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 330-335页

作者： anders p.p. moller Karsten Laursen Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875China Ecologie Systématique Evolution Université Paris-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversité Paris-Saclay91405 Orsay CedexFrance Dep.rtment of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityGrenavej 14Kalo 8410 RandeDenmark

Background:The urop.gial gland is an exocrine gland located above the tail of birds that p.oduces a diverse range of *** has been hyp.thesized to be involved in chemical p.otection,water-p.oofing and maintenance of p.umage *** these not necessarily mutually exclusive functions have received some emp.rical sup.ort,there has been little emp.rical research on the function of ***:Here we analyzed data for 229 individual eiders(Somateria mollissima)collected by Danish hunters during ***:The Eider is a sea-duck that sp.nds almost its entire life in sea water emp.asizing water-p.oofing of the *** size of the urop.gial gland increased with body mass in males,but not in females,and it increased with *** size of the urop.gial gland decreased during winter. Eiders with small urop.gial glands grew their feathers at a fast *** with large wing areas had large urop.gial glands. Conclusions:These findings are consistent with large urop.gial glands p.aying a role in water-p.oofing during molt and foraging, but also that urop.gial glands may p.ay a role in chemical defense.

关键词： Anti-microbial substance Eider Somateria mollissima Urop.gial gland Water-p.oofing