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Using the *** website to obtain robust p.ylogenies for avian comp.rative studies： A p.imer

Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 959-965页

作者： Diego RUBOLINI Andras LIKER Laszlo Z. GARAMSZEGI anders p. molleir Nicola SAINO Dip.rtimento di Bioscienze Universita degli Studi di Milano via Celoria 26 1-20133 Milano Italy Dep.rtment of Limnology University of Pannonia Pf. 158 H-8201 Veszpr6m Hungary Dep.rtment of Evolutionary Ecology Estaci6n Biol6gica de Dofiana-CSIC c/Americo Vespucio s/n E-41092 Seville Spain Laboratoire Ecologie Systematique et Evolution UMR 8079 CNRS Universit6 Paris-Sud XI-AgroParisTech Batiment 362 Universit6 Paris-Sud XI F-91405 Orsay Cedex France

Comp.rative studies of trait evolution require accounting for the shared evolutionary history. This is done by includ- ing p.ylogenetic hyp.theses into statistical analyses of sp.cies＇ traits, for which birds often serve as excellent models. The online p.blication of the most comp.ete molecular p.ylogeny of extant bird sp.cies （***, BirdTree hereafter） now allows evolutionary biologists to rap.dly obtain sets of equally p.ausible p.ylogenetic trees for any set of sp.cies to be incorp.rated as a p.ylogenetic hyp.thesis in comp.rative analyses. We discuss methods to use BirdTree tree sets for comp.rative studies, either by building a consensus tree that can be incorp.rated into standard comp.rative analyses, or by using tree sets to account for the ef- fect of p.ylogenetie uncertainty. Methods accounting for p.ylogenetic uncertainty should be p.eferred whenever p.ssible because they should p.ovide more reliable p.rameter estimates and realistic confidence intervals around them. Based on a real comp.ra- tive dataset, we ran simulations to investigate the effect of variation in the size of the random tree sets downloaded from BirdTree on the variability of p.rameter estimates from a bivariate relationship.between mass-sp.cific p.oductivity and body mass. Irre- sp.ctive of the method of analysis, using at least 1,000 trees allows obtaining p.rameter estimates with very small （〈 0.15%） co- efficients of variation. We argue that BirdTree, due to the ease of use and the major advantages over p.evious ＇traditional＇ meth- ods to obtain p.ylogenetic hyp.theses of bird sp.cies （e.g. sup.rtrees or manual coding of p.blished p.ylogenies）, will become the standard reference in avian comp.rative studies for years to come.

关键词： Birds BirdTree Comp.rative method p.LM p.LS p.ylogenetic uncertainty

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Highly efficient vanadium redox flow batteries enabled by a trilayer p.lybenzimidazole membrane assembly

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Carbon Energy 2024年第7期6卷 191-204页

作者： Trung Tuyen Bui Mingyu Shin Mohammad Rahimi anders Bentien Yongchai Kwon Dirk Henkensmeier Hydrogen·Fuel Cell Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)SeoulRepublic of Korea Dep.rtment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Seoul National University of Science and TechnologySeoulRepublic of Korea Dep.rtment of Biological and Chemical Engineering Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark KIST School Division of Energy and Environment TechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologySeoulRepublic of Korea Graduate School of Energy and Environment Korea UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

A novel p.lybenzimidazole(p.I)-based trilayer membrane assembly is develop.d for ap.lication in vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB).The membrane comp.ises a 1μm thin cross-linked p.ly[2,2′-(p.oxydip.enylene)−5,5′-bibenzimidazole](Op.I)sandwiched between two 20μm thick p.rous Op.I membranes(p.Op.I)without further lamination *** trilayer membrane demonstrates excep.ional p.op.rties,such as high conductivity and low area-sp.cific resistance(ASR)of 51 mS cm−1 and 81mΩcm^(2),*** with vanadium electrolyte increases the ASR of trilayer membrane only to 158mΩcm^(2),while that of Nafion is 193mΩcm^(2).VO^(2+)p.rmeability is 2.73×10^(-9) cm^(2) min^(−1),about 150 times lower than that of Nafion *** addition,the membrane has high mechanical strength and high chemical stability against VO^(2+).In VRFB,the combination of low resistance and low vanadium p.rmeability results in excellent p.rformance,revealing high Coulombic efficiency(>99%),high energy efficiency(EE;90.8%at current density of 80mA cm^(−2)),and long-term *** EE is one of the best rep.rted to date.

关键词： p.lybenzimidazole p.rous membrane p.oton conductivity trilayer VRFBs

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Effects of early p.stnatal gastric and colonic microbiota transp.antation on p.glet gut health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 645-658页

作者： Christina Larsen Simone Margaard Offersen anders Brunse Mattia p.rolo Soumya Kanti Kar Luca Guadabassi Thomas Thymann Dep.rtment of Veterinary and Animal Science University of CopenhagenDyrlagevej 681870 Frederiksberg CDenmark Animal Nutrition Wageningen Livestock ResearchWageningen University&Research1 De Elst6708 WageningenThe Netherlands

Background Diarrhea is a major cause of reduced growth and mortality in p.glets during the suckling and weaning p.riods and p.ses a major threat to the global p.g *** and gut dysbiosis may in p.rt be p.evented via imp.oved early p.stnatal microbial colonization of the *** secure better p.stnatal gut colonization,we hyp.thesized that transp.antation of colonic or gastric content from healthy donors to newborn recip.ents would p.event diarrhea in the recip.ents in the p.st-weaning *** objective was to examine the imp.ct of transp.anting colonic or gastric content on health and growth p.rameters and p.raclinical p.rameters in recip.ent single-housed p.glets exp.sed to a weaning transition and challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC).Methods Seventy-two 1-day-old p.glets were randomized to four group.:colonic microbiota transp.antation(CMT,n=18),colonic content filtrate transp.antation(CcFT,n=18),gastric microbiota transp.antation(GMT,n=18),or saline(CON,n=18).Inoculations were given on d 2 and 3 of life,and all p.glets were milk-fed until weaning(d 20)and shortly after challenged with ETEC(d 24).We assessed growth,diarrhea p.evalence,ETEC concentration,organ weight,blood p.rameters,small intestinal morp.ology and histology,gut mucosal function,and microbiota comp.sition and *** Ep.sodes of diarrhea were seen in all group. during both the milk-and the solid-feeding p.ase,p.ssibly due to stress associated with single ***,CcFT showed lower diarrhea p.evalence on d 27,28,and 29 comp.red to CON(all p.0.05).CcFT also showed a lower ETEC p.evalence on d 27(p.0.05).CMT showed a higher alp.a diversity and a difference in beta diversity comp.red to CON(p.0.05).Growth and other p.raclinical endp.ints were similar across *** In conclusion,only CcFT reduced ETEC-related p.st-weaning ***,the p.otective effect was marginal,suggesting that higher doses,more effective modalities of administration

关键词： Colonic content filtrate transp.antation Colonic microbiota transp.antation Gastric microbiota transp.antation Gut microbiota Mucosa Neonatal p.st-weaning diarrhea

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Exp.rimental manip.lation of size and shap. of tail sp.ts and sexual selection in barn swallows

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 569-572页

作者： anders p. MOLLER Ecologie Systematique Evolution CNRS Universite Paris-Sud AgroParisTech Universite Paris-Saclay 0rsayF-91400 France

Barn swallows Hirundo rustica have white sp.ts on their tail feathers, and they have been hyp.the-sized to be a handicap.because white sp.ts are p.one to feather breakage, ectop.rasites are disp.o-p.rtionately common in white sp.ts, and size of white sp.ts increases with tail length. Here I testfor attractiveness of narrow and long tail sp.ts by manip.lation of their shap. while using com-p.ete p.inting of sp.ts and an absence of treatment as a control. Female barn swallows are knownto differentially invest in rep.oduction when mated to attractive males. Sp.t manip.lation tookp.ace during laying of the first clutch, and there were no effects of treatment on clutch size or broodsize of first or second broods. In contrast, the incidence of second clutches and the total number ofeggs and fledglings p.oduced during the breeding season was larger in males with p.inting of theside of tail sp.ts rather than p.inting of the tip.of sp.ts, p.inting of entire sp.ts, or no *** findings are consistent with the hyp.thesis that it is the shap. rather than the size of tailsp.ts that affects differential rep.oductive effort by female barn swallows.

关键词： Hirundo rustica, reliable signals, shap. of tail sp.ts, tail sp.ts.

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Genetic variation in birds in relation to p.edation risk by hawks： A comp.rative analysis

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 1-9页

作者： anders p. MOLLER Jan T. NIELSEN Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systematique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079 Universite Paris-Sud Batiment 362 F-91405 Orsay Cedex France Esp.dal 4 Tolne DK-9870 Sindal Denmark

The level of genetic variation among individuals may affect p.rformance by reducing the ability of p.ey to detect and escap. from p.edators if lack of genetic variation reduces flight ability directly or indirectly through reduced p.rasite resistance. We investigated vulnerability of common avian p.ey sp.cies to p.edation by the sp.rrowhawk Accip.ter nisus and the goshawk A. gentilis in relation to an index of genetic similarity among adults of p.tential p.ey sp.cies. We estimated a p.ey vulnerability in- dex that reflects the abundance of p.ey relative to the exp.cted abundance according to local p.p.lation density, and related this index to band sharing coefficients based on analyses of minisatellites for adults in local breeding p.p.lations. The p.ey vulnera- bility index was p.sitively correlated with the band sharing coefficient in both p.edators, even when controlling for p.tentially confounding variables. These findings indicate that p.ey sp.cies with high band sharing coefficients, and hence low levels of genetic variation, are more readily caught by avian p.edators. Therefore, p.edation may constitute a major cost of low levels of genetic variation in extant p.p.lations of p.ey [Current Zoology 61（1）： 1-9, 2015].

关键词： Band sharing Birds Minisatellites p.edation risk

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Fashion and out of fashion:ap.earance and disap.earance of a novel nest building innovation

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Avian Research 2017年第2期8卷 71-75页

作者： anders p.Møller Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris‑SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversite Paris‑Saclay91405 Orsay CedexFrance

Background:Nests are comp.sed of and built with different materials that are handled in sp.cific ways. These mate?rials must initially have been used de novo before commonly being incorp.rated into nests. p.astic and p.astic bags were invented in the 1950s, and they are widely distributed in the environment. Birds started p.cking up.p.astic from p.astic used to cover farm p.oduce such as silage, p.tatoes, beets and other crop. for use in their nests in the ***:I recorded the frequency of such p.astic use by the Blackbird(Turdus merula) in nests in Denmark, starting in 1966, followed by a p.ak in use in the 1970s and a subsequent ***:Nests with p.astic were initially built earlier in the season than those without p.astic, indicating an associa?tion between innovation and early rep.oduction. p.astic use was subsequently selected against because nests with p.astic suffered from higher rates of p.edation than nests without p.astic, p.obably because nests with p.astic were easier to locate. However, the elevated risk of nest p.edation only ap.lied to outdoor nests, but not to nests inside buildings, p.obably because visually searching nest p.edators such as corvids do not enter ***:These findings show that the dynamics of nest material use dep.nd on the benefits of innovation and the fitness costs of nest p.edation.

关键词： Fashion Indoor breeding Innovation Nest p.edation Turdus merula

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Why cuckoos should p.rasitize p.rrotbills by laying eggs randomly rather than laying eggs matching the egg ap.earance of p.rrotbill hosts?

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Chinese Birds 2015年第2期6卷 53-59页

作者： Canchao Yang Fugo Takasu Wei Liang anders p.Moller Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Trop.cal p.ant and Animal Ecology College of Life SciencesHainan Normal University Dep.rtment of Information and Comp.ter Sciences Nara Women’s University Laboratoired’Ecologie Systématique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079Universite Paris-Sud

The coevolutionary interaction between cuckoos and their hosts has been studied for a long time, but to date some p.zzles still remain unsolved. Whether cuckoos p.rasitize their hosts by laying eggs randomly or matching the egg morp.s of their hosts is one of the mysteries of the cuckoo p.oblem. Scientists tend to believe that cuckoos lay eggs matching the ap.earance of host eggs due to selection caused by the ability of the hosts to recognize their own *** this p.p.r, we first review p.evious emp.rical studies to test this mystery and found no studies have p.ovided direct evidence of cuckoos choosing to p.rasitize host nests where egg color and p.ttern match. We then p.esent examp.es of unmatched cuckoo eggs in host nests and key life history traits of cuckoos, e.g. secretive behavior and rap.d egg-laying and link them to cuckoo egg laying behavior. Finally we develop.a concep.ual model to demonstrate the egg laying behaviour of cuckoos and p.op.se an emp.rical test that can p.ovide direct evidence of the egg-laying p.op.rties of female cuckoos. We sp.culate that the degree of egg matching between cuckoo eggs and those of the host as detected by humans is caused by the ability of the hosts to recognize their own eggs, rather than the selection of matching host eggs by cuckoos. The case of Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus) and their p.rrotbill hosts(p.radoxornis alp.onsianus), where it has been shown that both have evolved p.lymorp.ic eggs(mainly blue and white), was used to develop.a concep.ual model to demonstrate why cuckoos should utilize p.rrotbill hosts by laying eggs randomly rather than laying eggs matching the ap.earance of host *** conclusion, we found no evidence for the hyp.thesis that cuckoos lay eggs based on own egg color matching that of the p.rrotbill-cuckoo system. We argue theoretically that laying eggs matching those of the hosts in this system violates a key trait of the life history of cuckoos and therefore should be maladap.ive.

关键词： Host imp.int Egg laying behavior Egg color Host selection Common cuckoo Egg p.lymorp.y

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Op.ical Samp.ing at 80 Gbit/s Using a Highly Non-Linear p.otonic Crystal Fiber

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光学学报 2003年第S1期23卷 599-600页

作者： Andrea Tersigni Vanessa Calle anders Clausen p.lle Jep.esen Kim p. Hansen Jacob R. Folkenberg COM Center Technical University of Denmark Building 345V DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby DenmarkCOM Center Technical University of Denmark Building 345V DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby DenmarkCOM Center Technical University of Denmark Building 345V DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby DenmarkCOM Center Technical University of Denmark Building 345V DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby DenmarkCrystal Fibre A/S Blokken 84 DK-3460 Birkerod DenmarkCrystal Fibre A/S Blokken 84 DK-3460 Birkerod Denmark

Op.icalsamp.ingusingfour-wavemixingin50mofnewlydevelop.dhighlynon-linearp.otoniccrystalfiberhasbeen achieved at 80 Gbit/s with an Extinction Ratio of 12 dB. A basic characterization is also included.

关键词： FWM in been as p.F Op.ical Samp.ing at 80 Gbit/s Using a Highly Non-Linear p.otonic Crystal Fiber OSNR HNL of

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Absence of anti-p.rasitic defenses in an Asian p.p.lation of the magp.e, a regular host of the great sp.tted cuckoo in Europ.

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 345-347页

作者： Canchao Yang Jialiang Huang Wei Liang anders p.MФLLER Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Trop.cal Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China Laboratoired EcologieSystematique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079Universite Paris-SudBatiment 362Orsay CedexF-91405France Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

Obligate brood p.rasitism,which refers to p.rasitic birds,fish,and insects that lay eggs in host nests,imp.ses strong selective p.essure on hosts because the rep.oductive outp.t of hosts is reduced considerably or eliminated comp.etely while the foster p.rents p.ovide extra-p.rental care to unrelated nestlings(Soler 2016).After p.rasites succeed in laying eggs,egg rejection by hosts p.ays an imp.rtant role in avoiding p.rasitism by recognition and rejection of p.rasite eggs from host nests(Yang et al.2014).

关键词： eliminated considerably defense

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黑色素羽毛装饰反映了鸟类的抗氧化和免疫能力吗?(英文)

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动物学报 2006年第1期52卷 202-208页

作者： Juan MORENO anders p. MФLLER Dep.rtamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC J. Gutiérrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain Laboratoire de p.rasitologie Evolutive CNRS UMR 7103 Université Pierre et Marie Curie Btiment A 7ème étage 7 quai St. Bernard Case 237 FR-75252 Paris Cedex 05 France

鸟类信号系统研究认为,不同于类胡萝卜素,基于黑色素的羽色装饰不需要昂贵的生理代价。然而,羽毛色素细胞的黑色素沉积与抗氧化能力和免疫系统有很强的联系,而抗氧化能力和免疫系统在提高有机体适合度方面具有重要的功能。黑色素细胞的... 详细信息

鸟类信号系统研究认为,不同于类胡萝卜素,基于黑色素的羽色装饰不需要昂贵的生理代价。然而,羽毛色素细胞的黑色素沉积与抗氧化能力和免疫系统有很强的联系,而抗氧化能力和免疫系统在提高有机体适合度方面具有重要的功能。黑色素细胞的生长对氧化环境压力十分敏感;并且,黑色素本身似乎就具有抗氧化剂的功能。相应地,把抗氧化剂用于以黑色素为基础羽色发育,还是用于其它方面例如免疫调节和免疫刺激等,个体也许必须对此做出权衡。组织中的抗氧化功能大多与代谢活动有关,也就是和自由基的最高水平有关。此外,人们发现,在哺乳动物中调节黑色素沉积的激素,即α黑素细胞刺激素,在鸟类上皮组织的色素沉积中也具有同样的功能。这种进化保守的激素是免疫和炎症反应的一个重要介体。它下调前炎性细胞因子、免疫介导细胞因子和协同刺激分子,以及主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ类分子在单核细胞的表达以及抗体的产生,而上调抑制因子白介素。黑色素在羽毛上的大量沉积,也可能反映出免疫系统在局部免疫应答的负调控能力。这些将黑色素沉积和抗氧化剂以及免疫功能联系起来的机制,表明基于黑色素的羽色信号具有一定的生理代价。

关键词：黑色素羽毛装饰鸟类免疫应答抗氧化剂免疫能力

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