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Downed logs improve soil properties in old-growth temperate forests of northern Iran

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Pedosphere 2020年第3期30卷 378-389页

作者： Negar MOGHIMIAN Seyed Gholamali JALALI Yahya KOOCH ana rey Faculty of Natural Resources&Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares UniversityNoor 46417-76489Iran Department of Biogeography and Global Change National Museum of Natural History(MNCN)Spanish Scientific Council(CSIC)C/Serrano 115bisMadrid 28006(Spain

Dead trees, particularly downed logs, play an important role in the dynamics of forest ecosystem. Contribution of decaying wood to C and nutrient pools of forest soils depends on the tree species and degree of wood decay. However, the extent to which the downed logs affect the soil properties of temperate forests has rarely been evaluated. In this study, a mixed beech forest was selected in Liresar region of Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, to investigate if and how the presence of downed logs affected soil quality and function by comparing soils underneath degraded logs and nearby soils of the two dominant tree species(beech and hornbeam). We then explored how these effects occurred as downed logs decomposed by comparing the woods of both tree species at four degrees of decomposition. Degree of decay of downed logs was classified into four classes(DC1–DC4). Eight dead trees of each tree species were selected at the center of each sample plot. Three composite soil samples underneath each decaying log and 100 cm away from a decaying log were collected at two soil depths(0–15 and 15–30 cm) to analyze soil main physicochemical properties and microbial activity. The results revealed that downed logs affected soil physical(5% wetter than control soils), chemical(2% lower pH, 100% increase in organic C and total N in the case of hornbeam, and 2% increase in P), and biological characteristics(soil microbial respiration enhanced by 10%, and microbial biomass C 620 and 351.5 mg kg-1 and microbial biomass N 66.47 and 32.18 mg kg-1, respectively, in the cases of beech and hornbeam), thus resulting in significantly different soil microsites from those without downed logs. Presence of downed logs increased soil microbial activity and soil fertility as wood decayed. Thus, the presence of downed logs is an important factor influencing forest soils and should be taken into consideration in forest management practices.

关键词： beech course woody debris dead tree decay degree hornbeam soil microbial activity soil physicochemical properties

Kinetic and morphology study of alginate-vineyard pruning waste biocomposite vs. non modified vineyard pruning waste for dye removal

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第12期27卷 158-167页

作者： Xanel Vecino Rosa Devesa-rey Salvador Villagrasa Jose M.Cruz ana B.Moldes Chemical Engineering Department School of Industrial Engineering (EEI)University of VigoCampus As Lagoas-Marcosende Defense University Center Naval AcademyUniversity of Vigo Materials Engineering Department School of Industrial Engineering (EEI)University of VigoCampus As Lagoas-Marcosende

In this work a comparative bioadsorption study between a biocomposite consisting of hydrolysed vineyard pruning waste entrapped in calcium alginate spheres and non entrapped vineyard residue was carried *** have demonstrated that the biocomposite based on lignocellulose-calcium alginate spheres removed 77.3% of dyes,while non entrapped lignocellulose eliminated only removed 27.8% of colour *** experimental data were fitted to several kinetic models（pseudo-first order,pseudo-second order,Chien-Clayton model,intraparticle diffusion model and Bangham model）; being pseudo-second order the kinetic model that better described the adsorption of dyes onto both *** addition,a morphological study（roughness and shape） of alginate-vineyard biocomposite was established under extreme conditions,observing significant differences between hydrated and dehydrated alginate-vineyard *** techniques used to carry out this morphological study consisted of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,perfilometry and 3D surface analysis.

关键词： Immobilized alginate-vineyard Dyes Kinetic studies Roughness Spherical shape

Inner ear hair cell regeneration A look from the past to the future

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第24期8卷 2284-2289页

作者： Francisco Santaolalla Carlos Salvador Agustín Martínez Jose María Sánchez ana Sánchez del rey Department of Otorhinolaryngology Basurto University Hospital Department of Dermatology Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology School of Medicine University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)

Most recent studies on regeneration of inner ear hair cells focus on use of stem cells, gene therapy and neurotrophic factors. Cochlear gene therapy has been successfully used in the treatment of neu- rosensory hearing loss. This suggests that cochlear hair cell regeneration is possible. The objective of this paper is to review research and clinical application of inner near hair cell regeneration.

关键词： neural regeneration reviews hearing loss hair cells cochlea genes stem cells viral vectors regeneration neuroregeneration

A common metabolomic signature is observed upon inoculation of rice roots with various rhizobacteria

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第2期62卷 228-246页

作者： Marine Valette Marjolaine rey Florence Gerin Gilles Comte Florence Wisniewski-Dyé Universite de Lyon Universite Lyon1Ecologie MicrobienneCNRS UMR-5557INRA UMR-1418VetAgroSup43 boulevard du 11 novembre 191869622 VilleurbanneFrance

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR),whose growth is stimulated by root exudates,are able to improve plant growth and *** those,bacteria of the genus Azospirillum were shown to affect root secondary metabolite content in rice and maize,sometimes without visible effects on root *** studies also revealed that expression of several genes involved in stress and plant defense was affected,albeit with fewer genes when a strain was inoculated onto its original host ***,we investigated,via a metabolic profiling approach,whether rice roots responded differently and with gradual intensity to various PGPR,isolated from rice or not.A common metabolomic signature of nine compounds was highlighted,with the reduced accumulation of three alkylresorcinols and increased accumulation of two hydroxycinnamic acid amides(HCAA),identified as N-p-coumaroylputrescine and *** was accompanied by the increased transcription of two genes involved in the N-feruloylputrescine biosynthetic ***,exposure to a rice bacterial pathogen triggered a reduced accumulation of these HCAA in roots,a result contrasting with previous reports of increased HCAA content in leaves upon pathogen *** of HCAA,that are potential antimicrobial compounds,might be considered as a primary reaction of plant to bacterial perception.

关键词： PGPR various rhizobacteria root exudates

S-adenosyl-L-methionine modifies antioxidant-enzymes,glutathione-biosynthesis and methionine adenosyltransferases-1/2 in hepatitis C virus-expressing cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第14期22卷 3746-3757页

作者： Sonia Amelia Lozano-Sepulveda Eduardo Bautista-Osorio Jose Angel Merino-Mascorro Marta Varela-rey Linda Elsa Munoz-Espinosa Paula Cordero-Perez María Luz Martinez-Chantar ana Maria Rivas-Estilla Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine School of Medicine Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon Monterrey Metabolomic Unit CIC bio GUNE CIBERehd Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia Liver Unit School of Medicine and Hospital Universitario Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon

AIM: To elucidate the mechanism(s) by which S-adenosyl-L-methionine(SAM) decreases hepatitis C virus(HCV) ***: We examined the effects of SAM on viral expression using an HCV subgenomic replicon cell culture system. Huh7 HCV-replicon cells were treated with 1 mmol/L SAM for different times(24-72 h), then total RNA and proteins were isolated. c DNA was synthesized and real time-PCR was achieved to quantify HCV-RNA, superoxide dismutase 1 and 2(SOD-1, SOD-2) catalase, thioredoxin 1, methionine adenosyltransferase 1A and 2A(MAT1A, MAT2A) expression, and GAPDH and RPS18 as endogenous genes. Expression of cellular and viral protein was evaluated by western-blot analysis using antibodies vs HCV-NS5 A, SOD-1, SOD-2, catalase, thioredoxin-1, MAT1 A, MAT2 A, GAPDH and actin. Total glutathione levels were measured at different times by Ellman's recycling method(0-24 h). Reactive oxidative species(ROS) levels were quantified by the dichlorofluorescein assay(0-48 h); Pyrrolidin dithiocarbamate(PDTC) was tested as an antioxidant control and H2O2 as a positive oxidant ***: SAM exposition decreased HCV-RNA levels 50%-70% compared to non-treated controls(24-72 h). SAM induced a synergic antiviral effect with standard IFN treatment but it was independent of IFN signaling. In addition, 1 mmol/L SAM exposition did not modify viral RNA stability, but it needs cellular translation machinery in order to decrease HCV expression. Total glutathione levels increased upon SAM treatment in HCV-replicon cells. Transcriptional antioxidant enzyme expression(SOD-1, SOD-2 and thioredoxin-1) was increased at different times but interestingly, there was no significant change in ROS levels upon SAM treatment, contrary to what was detected with PDTC treatment, where an average 40% reduction was observed in exposed cells. There was a turnover from MAT1A/MAT2 A, since MAT1 A expression was increased(2.5 fold-times at 48 h) and MAT2 A was diminished(from 24 h) upon SAM treatment a

关键词： Hepatitis C virus S-adenosyl-L-methionine Superoxide dismutase 1 Superoxide dismutase 2 Replication Hepatitis C virus-RNA NS5A Oxidative stress Antioxidants Viral proteins Reactive oxygen species Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate

Precision medicine in pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第7期14卷 1177-1185页

作者： Mónica álvarez-Córdoba Marina Villanueva-Paz Irene Villalón-García Suleva Povea-Cabello Juan M.Suárez-Rivero Marta Talaverón-rey Javier Abril-Jaramillo ana Belén Vintimilla-Tosi José A.Sánchez-Alcázar Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo(CABD-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red:Enfermedades RarasInstituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ Centro de Neurología Avanzada Centro Civet

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation is a broad term that describes a heterogeneous group of progressive and invalidating neurologic disorders in which iron deposits in certain brain areas,mainly the basal *** predominant clinical symptoms include spasticity,progressive dystonia,Parkinson's disease-like symptoms,neuropsychiatric alterations,and retinal *** the neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders,the most frequent subtype is pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration(PKAN) caused by defects in the gene encoding the enzyme pantothenate kinase 2(PANK2)which catalyzed the first reaction of the coenzyme A biosynthesis *** there is no effective treatment to prevent the inexorable course of these *** aim of this review is to open up a discussion on the utility of using cellular models derived from patients as a valuable tool for the development of precision medicine in ***,we have described that dermal fibroblasts obtained from PKAN patients can manifest the main pathological changes of the disease such as intracellular iron accumulation accompanied by large amounts of lipofuscin granules,mitochondrial dysfunction and a pronounced increase of markers of oxidative *** addition,PKAN fibroblasts showed a morphological senescence-like ***,pantothenate supplementation,the substrate of the PANK2 enzyme,corrected all pathophysiological alterations in responder PKAN fibroblasts with low/residual PANK2 enzyme ***,pantothenate treatment had no favourable effect on PKAN fibroblasts harbouring mutations associated with the expression of a truncated/incomplete *** correction of pathological alterations by pantothenate in individual mutations was also verified in induced neurons obtained by direct reprograming of PKAN *** observations indicate that pantothenate supplementation can increase/stabilize the expression levels of PANK2 in s

关键词： neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration pantothenate kinase 2 pantothenate induced neurons precision medicine induced neuron fibroblast

Prediction of sudden death in elderly patients with heart failure

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2018年第2期15卷 185-192页

作者： ana Ayesta Helena Martinez-Sellest Antonio Bayes de Luna Manuel Martinez-Selles Cardiology Department Hospital Universitario del Sureste Arganda del Rey Madrid Spain Universidad Complutense Madrid Spain Fundacio lnvestigacio Cardiovascular ICCC Hospital de Sant Pau Barcelona Spain Cardiology Department Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon CIVERCK Universidad Europea Madrid Spain

Most heart failure （HF） related mortality is due to sudden cardiac death （SCD） and worsening HF, particularly in the case of reduced ejection fraction. Predicting and preventing SCD is an important goal but most works include no or few patients with advanced age, and the prevention of SCD in elderly patients with HF is still controversial. A recent reduction in the annual rate of SCD has been recently described but it is not clear if this is also true in advanced age patients. Age is associated with SCD, although physicians frequently have the perception that elderly patients with HF die mainly of pump failure, underestimating the importance of SCD. Other clinical variables that have been associated to SCD are symptoms, New York Heart Association functional class, ischemic cause, and comorbidities （chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal dysfunction and diabetes）. Some test results that should also be considered are left ventricular ejection fraction and diameters, natriuretic peptides, non-sustained ventricular tachycardias and autonomic abnormalities. The combination of all these markers is probably the best option to predict SCD. Different risk scores have been described and, although there are no specific ones for elderly populations, most include age as a risk predictor and some were developed in populations with mean age 〉 65 years. Finally, it is important to stress that these scores should be able to predict any type of SCD as, although most are due to tachyarrhythmias, bradyarrhythmias also play a role, particularly in the case of the elderly.

关键词： Heart failure Prediction Risk Sudden death The elderly

Nestling sex ratio is unaffected by individual and population traits in the griffon vulture

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 227-235页

作者： Guillermo Gomez-Lopez Felix Martinez ana Sanz-Aguilar Martina Carrete Guillermo Blanco Department of Evolutionary Ecology National Museum of Natural Sciences(MNCN)Spanish National Research Council(CSiC)Jose Gutierrez Abascal 228006 MadridSpain Escuela Internacional de Doctorado Universidad Rey Juan Carlos(URJC)Tulipan s/n28933 MostolesMadridSpain Animal Demography and Ecology Group Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avangats(IMEDEA)Miquel Marques 217020 EsporlesMallorcaSpain Applied Zoology and Conservation Group Universitat de les Illes Balears(UIB)Ctra.De Valldemossa km.7.507122PalmaSpain Department of Physical Chemical and Natural SystemsUniversidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Ctra.de Utrera km.141013 SevillaSpain

Variation in offspring sex ratios is a central topic in animal demography and population *** studies have focused on bird species with marked sexual dimorphism and multiple-nestling broods,where the offspring sex ratio is often biased due to different individual or environmental ***,biases in offspring sex ratios have been far less investigated in monomorphic and single-egg laying species,and few studies have evaluated long-term and large-scale variations in the sex ratio of nestling ***,we explore individual and environmental factors potentially affecting the secondary sex ratio of the monomorphic griffon vulture Gyps *** used information collected at three breeding nuclei from central Spain over a 30-year period(1990–2020)to analyse the effects of nestling age,parental age,breeding phenology,conspecific density,population reproductive parameters,and spatial and temporal variability on nestling *** ratio did not differ from parity either at the population or the nuclei *** significant between-year differences were detected,even under highly changing conditions of food availability associated with the mad-cow *** found that tree nesting breeders tend to have more sons than daughters,but as this nesting behavior is rare and we consequently have a small sample size,this issue would require additional *** further research is needed to assess the potential effect of breeder identity on nestling sex ratio,this study contributes to understanding the basic ecology and population dynamics of Griffon Vultures,a long-lived species with deferred maturity and low fecundity,whose minor deviations in the offspring sex ratio might imply major changes at the population level.

关键词： offspring sex ratio nestling sex Gyps fulvus monomorphism mad-cow crisis demography

Phylogeny of the Acarosporaceae(Lecanoromycetes,Ascomycota,Fungi)and the evolution of carbonized ascomata

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第4期73卷 145-158页

作者： Martin Westberg ana M.Millanes Kerry Knudsen Mats Wedin Department of Botany Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryP.O.Box 50007SE-10405 StockholmSweden Departamento de Biología y Geología Universidad Rey Juan CarlosE-28933 MóstolesSpain Department of Ecology Faculty of Environmental SciencesKamýcká129Prague CZ-16521Czech Republic

The phylogeny of the Acarosporaceae(Lecanoromycetes,Acarosporomycetidae,Acarosporales)is investigated using data from three molecular markers;nuclear ITS-LSU rDNA,mitochondrial SSU andβ-*** is shown to be constituted by six main clades;Myriospora,Timdalia,Pleopsidium,a clade composed by BAcarospora^rhizobola and BA.^terricola,the poorly supported Sarcogyne clade(including several Polysporina and Acarospora species)and the Acarospora clade(including the type of Polysporina,***,and several other Polysporina species).The common ancestor of the Acarosporaceae did not produce strongly black pigmented(carbonized or melanized)ascomata,but this trait has arisen secondarily and independently numerous times in the evolution of the *** number of changes in character states of both carbonized epihymenium and carbonized exciple are considerably more than the minimum *** genera Sarcogyne and Polysporina—largely circumscribed based on the presence of black pigmented ascomata—are shown to be distinctly *** presence of green algae in the ascoma margin(lecanorine or lecideine ascomata)may vary even within single species.

关键词： Convergent evolution Lichens Lichenized fungi Lichenicolous