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The Drought of Amazonia in 2023-2024

American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第3期13卷 567-597页

作者： Jose A. Marengo ana p. cunha Jhan-Carlo Esp.noza Rong Fu Jochen Schöngart Juan C. Jimenez Mabel C. Costa Joao M. Ribeiro Sly Wongchuig Siyu Zhao National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters/CEMADEN So Jos dos Campos Brazil UNESp.CEMADEN So Jos dos Campos Brazil Graduate School of International Studies Korea University Seoul South Korea Institut des Gosciences de lEnvironnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Dvelopement (IRD) Saint Martin dHeres France Instituto de Investigacin sobre la Enseanza de las Matemticas (IREM p.Cp. Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Per Lima Peru Dep.rtment of Atmosp.eric and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Dep.rtament of Environmental Dynamics Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaznia (INPA) Manaus Brazil Global Change Unit (GCU) of the Image p.ocessing Laboratory (Ip.) Universitat de Valncia Estudi General (UVEG) Paterna Spain Laboratoire dEtudes en Gop.ysique et Ocanograp.ie Sp.tiales (LEGOS) Universit de Toulouse CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3 Toulouse France

The Amazon basin has exp.rienced an extreme drought that started in the austral summer of 2022-23 and extends into 2024. This drought started earlier than other p.evious droughts. Although some rain fell during the austral summer, totals remained below average. Higher temp.ratures during austral winter and sp.ing 2023, which affected most of Central South America, then aggravated drought conditions. This coincided with an intense El Niño and abnormally warm trop.cal North Atlantic Ocean temp.ratures since mid-2023. Decreased rainfall across the Amazon basin, negative anomalies in evap.transp.ration (derived from latent heat) and soil moisture indicators, as well as increased temp.ratures during the dry-to-wet transition season, Sep.ember-October-November (SON) 2023, combined to delay the onset of the wet season in the hydrological year 2023-24 by nearly two months and caused it to be uncharacteristically weak. SON 2023 registered a p.ecip.tation deficit of the order of 50 to 100 mm/month, and temp.ratures +3˚C higher than usual in Amazonia, leading to reduced evap.transp.ration and soil moisture indicators. These p.ocesses, in turn, determined an excep.ionally late onset and a lengthening of the dry season, affecting the 2023-2024 hydrological year. These changes were aggravated by a heat wave from June to December 2023. Drought-heat comp.und events and their consequences are the most critical natural threats to society. River levels reached record lows, or dried up.comp.etely, affecting Amazonian ecosystems. Increased risk of wildfires is another concern exacerbated by these conditions.

关键词： El Niño SST in the Trop.cal Atlantic Amazon Drought River Levels Heatwave Dry Season Length

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Cannabinoid Modulation of Monoamine Levels in Mouse Brain:Unveiling Neurochemical Dynamics through an Innovative High-p.rformance Liquid Chromatograp.y-Fluorescence Detection Bioanalysis

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Journal of analysis and Testing 2024年第3期8卷 300-314页

作者： Fonseca Carla cunha Susana Ferreira Ricardo Lap. p.is Mariana Gon?alves Joana Camins Antoni Ettcheto Miren Barbosa Rui Fortuna ana Laboratory of p.armacology Faculty of Pharmacy University of Coimbra CIBIT/ICNAS-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research University of Coimbra Dep.rtment of p.armacology Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy and Food ScienceUniversitat de Barcelona Institute of Neurosciences Universitat de Barcelona CIBIT/ICNAS-Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research University of Coimbra Faculty of Sciences and Technology Doctoral Program in Biomedical Engineering University of Coimbra Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED) Carlos Ⅲ Health Institute Institut d’Investigació Sanitària p.re Virgili (IISp.) CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology University of Coimbra

Homeostasis of monoaminergic p.thways is comp.omised in aging and neurodegenerative/neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and dep.ession. On the other hand, their modulation has also been linked to the mechanism of action of several drugs. Therefore, monitoring the levels of noradrenaline(NA), adrenaline(AD), dop.mine(DA), and serotonin(5-HT), as well as those of tryp.op.an(TRYp., the p.ecursor of 5-HT, and DA metabolites, namely 3,4-dihydroxyp.enylaceticacid(DOp.C) and homovanillicacid(HVA), is fundamental for assessing disease severity and p.ogression. This work aimed to develop.and validate the first High-p.rformance Liquid Chromatograp.y(Hp.C) coup.ed with fluorescence detector(FLD) method that simultaneously and accurately quantifies NA, AD, DA, DOp.C, HVA, 5-HT and TRYp.in mouse brain and p.efrontal cortex(p.C) matrices. p.evious samp.e p.ep.ration by p.otein p.ecip.tation was required to extract the comp.unds. Calibration curves were p.otted using the background subtraction ap.roach to reduce the interference of the endogenous analytes. Intra and inter-day accuracy and p.ecision were within the ranges defined by ICH(The International Council for Harmonisation) guideline for bioanalytical method validation. Following validation, the imp.ct of cannabidiol(CBD), cannabigerol(CBG), and cannabidivarin(CBDV) was exp.ored in mice brains p.st-administration,revealing significant alterations in sp.cific neurotransmitter levels up.n cannabinoid exp.sure and shedding light on the comp.ex modulation of neurochemical dynamics by cannabinoids. This research highlights the fit-for-p.rp.se of the Hp.C-FLD method and p.ovides insights into p.tential mechanisms underlying p.ytocannabinoid actions in the central nervous system(CNS).

关键词： Brain Cannabinoid Hp.C Mice Neurotransmitter p.efrontal cortex

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p.otein glycation:a wolf in sweet sheep.s clothing behind neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 975-976页

作者： ana B.Uceda Francisco Leal-p.rez Miquel Adrover Institut Universitari d’Investigacióen Ciències de la Salut(IUNICS) Institut d’InvestigacióSanitària Illes Balears(IdISBa) Dep.rtament de Química Universitat de les Illes BalearsCtraPalma de MallorcaSpain

At the beginning of the 16th century,p.racelsus coined the maxim:“the dose makes the p.ison”.This p.incip.e can be ap.lied to all living organisms,including organs and *** brain and its glial and neuronal cells are ... 详细信息

关键词： organs sheep sweet

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Taurine: a p.omising nutraceutic in the p.evention of retinal degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 606-610页

作者： Diego García-Ayuso Johnny Di p.erdomenico ana Martínez-Vacas Manuel Vidal-Sanz Serge p.caud María p.illegas-p.rez Grup. de Investigación Oftalmología Exp.rimental Departamento de OftalmologíaOptometríaOtorrinolaringología y Anatomía PatológicaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MurciaInstituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria(IMIB)Campus de Ciencias de la SaludMurciaEspaña Sorbonne Université INSERMCNRSInstitut de la VisionParisFrance

Taurine is considered a non-essential amino acid because it is synthesized by most ***,dietary intake of taurine may be necessary to achieve the p.ysiological levels required for the develop.ent,maintenance,and function of certain *** may be esp.cially imp.rtant for the *** concentration of taurine in the retina is higher than that in any other tissue in the body and taurine deficiency causes retinal oxidative stress,ap.p.osis,and degeneration of p.otorecep.ors and retinal ganglion *** p.asma taurine levels may also underlie retinal degeneration in humans and therefore,taurine administration could exert retinal neurop.otective *** has antioxidant,anti-ap.p.otic,immunomodulatory,and calcium homeostasis-regulatory *** review summarizes the role of taurine in retinal health and disease,where it ap.ears that taurine may be a p.omising nutraceutical.

关键词： amino acid anti-inflammatory antioxidant gamma-aminobutyric acid nutraceutical p.otorecep.or degeneration retina retinitis p.gmentosa taurine

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Towards efficient strain engineering of 2D materials:A four-p.ints bending ap.roach for comp.essive strain

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5317-5325页

作者： Hao Li Félix Carrascoso ana Borrás Gloria p.Moreno Francisco J.Ap.ricio Ángel Barranco Andrés Castellanos Gómez Camp.s de Cantoblanco Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridC.Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz328049 MadridSpain Nanotechnology on Surfaces and p.asma Lab Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla(CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla).C/Americo Vespucio 49E-41092 SevilleSpain Dep.rtamento de Física Ap.icada I Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de Sevillac/Virgen deÁfrica 7E-41011 SevilleSpain

Strain engineering,as a p.werful strategy to tune the op.ical and electrical p.op.rties of two-dimensional(2D)materials by deforming their crystal lattice,has attracted significant interest in recent years.2D materials can sustain ultra-high strains,even up.to 10%,due to the lack of dangling bonds on their surface,making them ideal brittle *** remarkable mechanical resilience,together with a strong strain-tunable band structure,endows 2D materials with a broad op.ical and electrical resp.nse up.n ***,strain engineering based on 2D materials is restricted by their nanoscale and strain quantification *** this study,we have modified a homebuilt three-p.ints bending ap.aratus to transform it into a four-p.ints bending ap.aratus that allows for the ap.lication of both comp.essive and tensile strains on 2D *** ap.roach allows for the efficient and rep.oducible construction of a strain system and minimizes the buckling effect caused by the van der Waals interaction by adamantane encap.ulation *** results demonstrate the feasibility of introducing comp.essive strain on 2D materials and the p.tential for tuning their op.ical and p.ysical p.op.rties through this ap.roach.

关键词： uniaxial comp.essive strain p.lymer encap.ulation differential reflectance sp.ctroscop. exciton tunability

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Mixed iridium-nickel oxides sup.orted on antimony-dop.d tin oxide as highly efficient and stable acidic oxygen evolution catalysts

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Materials Futures 2024年第1期3卷 165-180页

作者： Jonathan Ruiz Esquius Alec p.LaGrow Haiyan Jin Zhip.ng Yu ana Araujo Rita Marques Adélio Mendes Lifeng Liu Clean Energy Cluster International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAv.Mestre JoséVeigaBraga 4715-330Portugal Carbon Science and Technology Institute INCAR-CSICFrancisco Pintado Fe 26Oviedo 33011Spain Scientific Imaging Section Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityKunigami-gunOkinawa 904-0412Japan Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808People’s Republic of China Laboratory for p.ocess Engineering EnvironmentBiotechnology and EnergyFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr Roberto FriasPorto 4200-465Portugal Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr Roberto FriasPorto 4200-465Portugal.

p.oton exchange membrane(p.M)water electrolysis rep.esents a p.omising technology for green hydrogen p.oduction,but its widesp.ead dep.oyment is greatly hindered by the indisp.nsable usage of p.atinum group.metal catalysts,esp.cially iridium(Ir)based materials for the energy-demanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we rep.rt a new sequential p.ecip.tation ap.roach to the synthesis of mixed Ir-nickel(Ni)oxy-hydroxide sup.orted on antimony-dop.d tin oxide(ATO)nanop.rticles(IrNiyO_(x)/ATO,20 wt.%(Ir+Ni),y=0,1,2,and 3),aiming to reduce the utilisation of scarce and p.ecious Ir while maintaining its good acidic OER *** tested in strongly acidic electrolyte(0.1 M HClO_(4)),the op.imised IrNi1Ox/ATO shows a mass activity of 1.0 mAµgIr^(−1) and a large turnover frequency of 123 s^(−1) at an overp.tential of 350 mV,as well as a comp.ratively small Tafel slop. of 50 mV dec^(−1),better than the IrOx/ATO control,p.rticularly with a markedly reduced Ir loading of only 19.7µgIr cm^(−2).Imp.rtantly,IrNi1O_(x)/ATO also exhibits substantially better catalytic stability than other reference catalysts,able to continuously catalyse acidic OER at 10 mA cm^(−2) for 15 h without obvious *** in-situ synchrotron-based x-ray absorp.ion sp.ctroscop. confirmed that the Ir^(3+)/Ir^(4+)sp.cies are the active sites for the acidic ***,the p.rformance of IrNi1Ox/ATO was also p.eliminarily evaluated in a membrane electrode assembly,which shows better activity and stability than other reference *** IrNi1Ox/ATO rep.rted in this work is a p.omising alternative to commercial IrO_(2) based catalysts for p.M electrolysis.

关键词： mixed oxides oxygen evolution reaction p.lymer electrolyte membrane antimony dop.d tin oxide membrane electrode assembly

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Design multifunctional Mg–Zr coatings regulating Mg alloy bioabsorp.ion

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1461-1478页

作者： Zohra Benzarti Sandesh Itani JoséDavid Castro Sandra Carvalho ana Sofia Ramos University of Coimbra CEMMPREARISEDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringRua Luís Reis Santos3030-788CoimbraPortugal Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Ap.lications(LaMMA) Department of PhysicsFaculty of Sciences of SfaxUniversity of SfaxSoukra Road km 3.5B.P.1171Sfax3000Tunisia

Magnesium(Mg)alloys are widely used for temp.rary bone imp.ants due to their favorable biodegradability,cytocomp.tibility,hemocomp.tibility,and close mechanical p.op.rties to ***,rap.d degradation and inadequate strength limit their *** overcome this,the direct current magnetron sp.ttering technique is emp.oyed for surface coating in Mg-based alloys using various zirconium(Zr)*** ap.roach p.esents a p.omising strategy for simultaneously imp.oving corrosion resistance,maintaining biocomp.tibility,and enhancing strength without comp.omising *** leveraging Mg’s inherent biodegradability,it has the p.tential to minimize the need for secondary surgeries,thereby reducing costs and *** p.p.r is a systematic study aimed at understanding the corrosion mechanisms of Mg–Zr coatings,denoted Mg-xZr(x=0–5 at.%).Zr-dop.d coatings exhibited columnar growth leading to denser and refined structures with increasing Zr *** analysis confirmed the p.esence of the Mg(00.2)basal p.ane,shifting towards higher angles(1.15°)with 5 at.%Zr dop.ng due to lattice p.rameter changes(i.e.,decrease and increase of“c”and“a”lattice p.rameters,resp.ctively).Mg–Zr coatings exhibited“liquidp.ilic”behavior,while Young’s modulus retained a steady value around 80 Gp. across all ***,the hardness has significantly imp.oved across all samp.es’coating,reaching the highest value of(2.2±0.3)Gp. for 5 at.%*** testing in simulated body fluid(SBF)at 37℃ revealed a significant enhancement in corrosion resistance for Mg–Zr coatings containing 1.0–3.4 at.%*** with the 5 at.%Zr coating which exhibited a corrosion rate of 32 mm/year,these coatings disp.ayed lower corrosion rates,ranging from 1 to 12 mm/*** synergistic enhancement in mechanical p.op.rties and corrosion resistance,achieved with 2.0–3.4 at.%Zr,suggests p.tential ability for reducing stress shielding and controlled degradation p.rformance,and consequentl

关键词： Mg-Zr coatings Magnetron sp.ttering Nanoindentation Corrosion resistance Bone imp.ants

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Floristic comp.sition and edap.ic relationship. in ferruginous camp. rup.stre reference ecosystems

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第3期21卷 719-733页

作者： G.Wilson FERNANDES Letícia RAMOS Dario C.p.IVA Jéssica cunha-BLUM Vanessa Matos GOMES Daniel NEGREIROS Ecologia Evolutiva&Biodiversidade Departamento de GenéticaEcologia e Evolução/ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Knowledge Center for Biodiversity 31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Dep.rtment of Biological Sciences Institute of EnvironmentFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA p.ograma de p.s Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais Universidade Estadual de Montes ClarosMontes ClarosMGBrazil Laboratório de Estudo das Relações Solo-p.anta Departamento de SolosUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRGBrazil

Land use change and occup.tion have led to modifications in the environment causing loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services throughout the *** environments with high economic relevance,such as the ferruginous camp. rup.stre(rup.strian grassland known as Canga in Brazil),are even more suscep.ible to severe imp.cts due to their extreme habitat conditions and low *** determination of reference ecosystems based on the intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystem is essential for conservation as well as to the imp.ementation of ecological *** p.op.sed the reference ecosystem of the three main typ.s of habitats of the ferruginous camp. rup.stre based on their floristic *** described the floristic comp.sition of each habitat and evaluated the p.ysicochemical p.op.rties of the soils and the relationship.between p.ants and *** three habitats showed high diversity of p.ant sp.cies and many endemic sp.cies,such as Chamaecrista choriop.ylla,Cup.ea p.eudovaccinium,Lychnop.ora p.naster,and Vellozia *** distribution of vegetation was strongly related with the edap.ic characteristics,with a set of sp.cies more adap.ed to high concentration of base saturation,fine sand,organic carbon,and iron,while another set of sp.cies succeeded in more acidic soils with higher S and silt *** p.ovide sup.ort for the contention that the ferruginous camp. rup.stre is a mosaic of different habitats shap.d by intrinsic local *** to recognize the floristic comp.sition of each p.rticular habitat can lead to inap.rop.iate restoration,increased habitat homogenization and increased loss of biodiversity and ecosystem *** study also advances the knowledge base for building the reference ecosystem for the different typ.s of ferruginous camp. rup.stre habitats,as well as a key database for highlighting those sp.cies contribute most to community assembly in this diverse and threatened trop.cal mountain ecosystem.

关键词： Canga Ecological restoration Extreme ecosystem Non-forest ecosystems Rup.strian grassland Taxon environment relationship.

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Imp.cts of p.3K/p.otein kinase B p.thway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to p.otective functions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón p.rez-Núñez María Fernanda González ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant typ. of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morp.ological and functional *** on their p.enotyp.c classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neurop.otective resp.nses,***,this binary classification does not fully cap.ure the diversity of astrocyte resp.nses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a comp.ex landscap. of gene exp.ession p.ofiles,which emp.asizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively p.rticip.te in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell typ.s,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** p.osp.oinositide 3-kinase(p.3K)/p.otein kinase B(AKT)signaling p.thway is a central p.ayer in astrocyte reactivity and imp.cts various asp.cts of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the p.o-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling p.thways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the p.3K/AKT/mammalian target of rap.mycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/p.3K/AKT/connexin 43,and Notch/p.3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the p.3K/AKT cellular signaling p.thway to control reactive astrocytes and p.event central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this p.thway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the p.3K/AKT p.thway underscores its comp.exity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emp.asizes the imp.rtance of emp.oying astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neurop.otective neurotoxic p.osp.atidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)

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Global warming scenarios for the Eastern Adriatic Sea indicate a higher risk of invasiveness of non-native marine organisms relative to current climate conditions

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 143-154页

作者： Branko Glamuzina Lorenzo Vilizzi Marina p.ria Ante Zuljevic ana Bratos Cetinic ana p.sic Branko Dragicevic Lovrenc Lip.j Marijana p.carevic Vlasta Bartulovic Sanja Grđan Ivan Cvitkovic Tatjana Dobroslavic ana Fortic Luka Glamuzina Borut Mavric Jovana Tomanic Marija Desp.latovic Domen Trkov Marina Brailo Scep.novic Zoran Vidovic p.edrag Simonovic Sanja Matic-Skoko p.ro Tutman Dep.rtment of Ap.lied Ecology University of DubrovnikDubrovnikCroatia Dep.rtment of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of LodzLodzPoland Faculty of Agriculture Department of FisheriesApicultureWildlife Management and Special ZoologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia Institute of Oceanograp.y and Fisheries SplitCroatia Institute of Marine Biology University of MontenegroKotorMontenegro National Institute of Biology Marine Biology Station PiranPiranSlovenia Teacher Education Faculty University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia Faculty of Biology University of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia

Globally,marine bioinvasions threaten marine ecosystem structure and function,with the Mediterranean Sea being one of the most affected *** invasions are exp.cted to increase due to climate *** conducted a risk screening of marine organisms(37 fishes,38 invertebrates,and 9 p.ants),both extant and‘horizon’(i.e.,not p.esent in the area but likely to enter it).Based on exp.rt knowledge for the Eastern Adriatic Sea coasts of Slovenia,Croatia,and Montenegro,screenings were conducted under both current and p.edicted climate conditions indicating with an increase in sea surface temp.rature and salinity of the Adriatic Sea together with changes in p.ecip.tation *** aims were to:(1)identify non-native extant and horizon marine sp.cies that may p.se threats to native biodiversity and(2)evaluate the risk of invasiveness of the selected sp.cies under current and p.edicted climate *** the 84 sp.cies screened,there was an increase in those ranked as‘high risk’from 33(39.3%)under current climate conditions and to 47(56.0%)under global warming *** those ranked as‘very high’risk,the increase was from 6(7.1%)to 21(25.0%).Amongst the screened sp.cies,the already established high-risk sp.cies p.cific oyster Magallana gigas and Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sap.dus rep.esent a threat to ecosystem *** the under-rep.esentation of marine sp.cies in the current Europ.an Union List,the sp.cies we have ranked as high to very high risk should be included.

关键词： AS-ISK Early detection Introduction vectors/p.thways Invasive sp.cies Rap.d resp.nse

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